updates on monitoring and management of codling moth

Diane AlstonUtah State University Extension

USHA Annual ConventionJan. 30, 2007

Updates on Monitoring and Management of Codling Moth

Cherry Fruit Fly Attractants

Monitoring Codling Moth in Mating Disrupted (MD) Orchards

Standard 1X pheromone lure (4 wk)- red septa, Biolure membranes

Long-life lures (8 wk)- gray septa

10X pheromone lure (2-3 wk)DA lure (pear ester – food attractant)DA-Combo lure (pear ester + pheromone)

Trap Thresholds in MD Orchards

Brunner and Gut10X pheromone traps:

4-10 moths

Knight et al. (OSU fact sheet)DA traps:

2 moths or 1 female moth

Trece recommendationDA-Combo traps:

5-10 moths

2006 CM Monitoring Study◘ 3 lures in large Delta traps

◘ 1X, 10X, DA-Combo◘ 9 apple orchards using MD

◘ Braeburn, 2 Fuji, 2 Gala, Golden Del., 2 Jonathan, Red Del.

◘ Payson, Santaquin, & Genola◘ 2 replicates per orchard

◘ 18 traps with each lure◘ Mid May to mid Sept◘ # moths caught & fruit injury

◘ Per generation◘ 400 fruit per orchard per generation

Trap Catch

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Week

1X10XDA-Combo

Mea

n #

Mot

hs p

er T

rap

per N

ight

May 26 Jun 30 Aug 11 Sep 12

Grower AAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards

1st gen. 2nd gen. 3rd gen.

MD dispensersapplied

0

12

3

45

67

8

910

11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Week

1X10XDA-Combo

Mea

n #

Mot

hs p

er T

rap

per N

ight


Grower BAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards



0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Week

1X10XDA-Combo

Mea

n #

Mot

hs p

er T

rap

per N

ight


Grower CAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards



Trap catch wasaveraged across3 orchards foreach grower

-More moths werecaught in DA-Combotraps -Catch in DA-Combotraps followedgeneration periods

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Week

1X10XDA-Combo

Mea

n #

Mot

hs p

er T

rap

per N

ight


Grower AAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards



Trap thresholds:10X trap:4 moths

DA-Combo:5 moths

Comparing Trap Catch Thresholds to Number of Recommend Sprays and Fruit Injury

Grower A

Fruit Injury:Braeburn 3.8%*Fuji 2.5%Jonathan 21.0%Mean 9.1%

*Larval entries on Jul 5 & Aug 23

0

12

3

45

67

8

910

11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Week

1X10XDA-Combo

Mea

n #

Mot

hs p

er T

rap

per N

ight


Grower BAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards




Grower BTrap thresholds:10X trap:4 moths

DA-Combo:5 moths

Fruit Injury:Gala 6.8%*Jonathan 27.3%Red Del. 32.3%Mean 22.1%


0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Week

1X10XDA-Combo

Mea

n #

Mot

hs p

er T

rap

per N

ight


Grower CAll TrapsMean of 3 Orchards



Trap thresholds:10X trap:4 moths

DA-Combo:5 moths


Grower C

Fruit Injury:Fuji 1.5%*Gala 1.3%Golden Del. 4.5%Mean 2.4%


Regression of % fruit injury on cumulative moth catch in DA-Combo

traps for 2nd generation

Gen2I nj ury = 0. 7199 +0. 0972Gen2DA

N 18 Rsq 0. 5259Adj Rsq0. 4963RMSE 5. 5365

Regressi on of 2nd Gen CM I nj ury on DA Trap Cat ch

0

5

10

15

20

25

Gen2DA

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Approximately 0.1% larval entries for every moth caught5 moths 0.5% injury, 10 moths 1.0% injury

X- axisintercept0.7

Slope of line0.1

Relation of 1st to 2nd Generation Codling Moth Fruit Injury

Red Del.JonathanJonathan

Golden Del.GalaGalaFujiFuji

Braeburn

Orchard(Apple

Variety)

20.31.512.03.021.53.05.82.512.50.38.57.53.00.31.51.54.31.32.52.31.30.8001.00.50.51.81.02.01.57.32.81.51.07.0

EntriesStingsEntriesStings2nd generation^1st generation*

% fruit with injury

*July 5 ^August 23

2006 was a tough year for codling moth injury

◘ High populations◘ Even with MD, supplemental insecticide sprays were needed

◘ Resistance & cross-resistance to insecticides

◘ Hot weather, 3 generations◘ Insecticide timing issues◘ Full monitoring program!◘No room for error

Updated theCodling MothFact Sheethttp://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm

Includes:-Monitoring in MDorchards-Lure types-Timing insecticidesthat target multiplelife stages-Revised DD and “management events”table-Insecticide options-Mating disruption

Major events in acodling moth management program,based on accumulateddegree-days (DD)

Recommended timingfor insecticides basedon their mode ofaction

2006 Reduced Risk Insecticide TrialKaysville Research Orchard

Table 1. Insecticide treatment applications and timings.

6

Calypso11 d laterAug 8

Calypso16 d laterJul 28

Guthion1200 DDJul 12

Calypso7 d laterJun 14

Assail14 d laterJun 7

Guthion250 DDMay 24

5


Intrepid1380 DDJul 22

Oil1100 DDJul 10


Intrepid350 DDMay 30

Oil150-200 DDMay 19

4

Intrepid16 d laterAug 7

Assail1380 DDJul 22

Esteem1050 DDJul 6

Intrepid14 d laterJun 12

Assail350 DDMay 30

Esteem100 DDMay 18

3


Rimon14 d laterJul 26

Rimon + Assail1200 DDJul 12

Calypso7 d laterJun 14

Rimon14 d laterJun 7

Rimon + Assail250 DDMay 24

2

Assail14 d laterAug 2

Rimon14 d laterJul 22

Rimon1000 DDJul 6


Rimon14 d laterMay 30

Rimon50-75 DDMay 15

1

2nd generation CM 1st generation CMTrt

Mean apple fruit injury

*Insecticides applied for each CM generation: As = Assail, Ca = Calypso, Es = Esteem, Gu = Guthion, In = Intrepid, Oi = Oil, Ri = Rimon

0.010.0050.610.010.050.04P>F

14.9 a12.8 a2.110.5 a4.5 a6.0 a6

2.3 b1.0 b1.33.5 c1.3 c2.3 cGu-As/Ca-Ca5

6.6 b4.1 b2.57.8 ab2.8 abc5.0 abOi-In-As/Ca4

5.4 b3.3 b2.14.0 c1.8 bc2.3 cEs-As-In3

2.2 b0.8 b1.44.5 bc2.5 abc2.0 bcRi+As-Ri-Ca2

3.0 b1.9 b1.14.8 bc3.0 ab1.8 cRi-As-Ri1

TotalEntries Stings TotalEntriesStings

% fruit with injury (Aug 17)% fruit with injury (Jun 28)

Insecticides*Trt #

Non-target effects on mites

~Pred Mites = predaceous mites (Typhlodromus and Zetzellia)

^Phyto Mites = phytophagous mites (two spotted spider mites, brown mites, and rust mites)

*Insecticides applied for each CM generation: As = Assail, Ca = Calypso, Es = Esteem, Gu = Guthion, In = Intrepid, Oi = Oil, Ri = Rimon

0.80.110.010.760.13P>F0.014.5162.3 ab2.51.060.331.3331.8 a5.51.5Gu-As/Ca-Ca50.01.751.0 bc1.00.0Oi-In-As/Ca40.39.8153.3 ab0.00.3Es-As-In30.01.836.5 c0.34.3Ri+As-Ri-Ca20.311.867.8 bc8.833.8Ri-As-Ri1

ThripsEggsPred Mites~EggsPhyto Mites^Pred MitePhyto Mite

Insecticides*

Mean # mites per 20 leaves

Trt#

New CM Products

Insecticides (broad spectrum)Battalion (deltamethrin) – 5th gen. synthetic pyrethroid, less mite flare, Arysta LifeScienceCorp.Altocor (rynaxypyr) – new class, “anthranilicdiamide”, interferes with calcium gates in muscles, affects movement, DuPont Crop ProtectionDelegate (spinetoram) – new spinosyn insecticide, Dow AgroSciencesBelt and Synapse (flubendiamide) – new class, “phthalic acid diamides”, disruption of cellular calcium balance, Bayer CropScience

New CM Products

Pheromone MD productsCideTrak DA-Combo dispenser – pear ester + pheromone in dispenser, TreceCideTrak DA MEC – micro-encapsulated, sprayable pear ester MD product, TreceSPLAT – flowable pheromone dispenser, MD and attract-&-kill if insecticide added, ISCA TechnologiesPheromone flakes & fibers – applied in sticky glue, not commercially available

Update on Guthion Registration

Apple, Pear, Sweet & Tart CherryRegistration will end in 2012Phase-down of allowed pounds per acre for the season60 ft buffer from treated orchards to bodies of water60 ft buffer from orchards to human occupied buildingsLengthy PHI for U-pick orchards

Cherry Fruit Fly Attractants

◘ GF-120 (bait + 0.2% a.i. spinosad)◘ Bait is not that attractive◘ Foraging adults encounter droplets and eat them

◘Spinosad is highly toxic upon ingestion◘ Interest in developing a more attractive bait

◘ Ammonium materials◘Ammonium carbonate◘Ammonium acetate

2006 Trial at Kaysville

◘ GF-120 (1:4, 100 fl oz per acre)◘ Applied 8X

◘ GF-120 + 10% Amm. Carbonate (AC)◘ Applied 8X

◘ GF-120 + 10% Amm. Acetate (AA)◘ Applied 8X

◘ Success (6 oz per acre)◘ Applied 6X

◘ Provado 1.6F (8 oz per acre)◘ Applied 3X

◘ Untreated Control Photo courtesy ofTim Smith, WSU Ext.

Fruit Injury at HarvestFigure 3. Fruit infestation at harvest (Jul 13) presented by age of larvae and exit holes per 100 fruit. GF=GF-120, GFAC=GF-120+10% ammonium carbonate, GFAA=Gf-120+10% ammonium acetate, SU=Success, PR=Provado, and UC=untreated control.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

GF GFAC GFAA SU PR UC

Exit Holes3rd Instars2nd Instars1st Intars4.0 ab

3.3 b

0.3 c

2.3 bc 1.8 bc

10.0 a

Mea

n nu

mbe

r lar

vae

and

exit

hole

s pe

r 100

frui

t

Values above bars are total numbers of larvae and exit holes.Means followed by different letters are significantly different (LSD test; p>0.05).

Adult Trap CatchFigure 2. Mean cumulative number of adults per trap (Jun 1 – Aug 17) as influenced by insecticide treatments. GF=GF-120, GFAC=GF-120+10% ammonium carbonate, GFAA=GF-120+10% ammonium acetate, SU=Success, PR=Provado, and UC=untreated control.

75.1

101.9

77.0

115.5

91.0

165.0

020406080

100120140160180

GF GFAC GFAA SU PR UCMea

n cu

mul

ativ

e #

WC

FF a

dults

per

trap

Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different (LSD test, p>0.05)

a

bbc bc

cc

Acknowledgements

• Research assistance:– Thor Lindstrom, Research Associate– Helen Darrow, Lab Manager– Students: Douglas Anderson, Britney Hunter, Camille Rowley, Adam Thompson

• Research funding:– Utah State University– Utah State Horticultural Association– Chemtura Chemical– USDA CSREES IPM RAMP Program

updates on monitoring and management of codling moth

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