update: atdt composting toilet project los Álvarez community, nicaragua for ewb-sfp june 29, 2015

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Update: ATDT Compos0ng Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua Roberto Or)zSoto, Project Manager Pat Coyle, ATDT lead for EWBSFP June 29, 2015

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Page 1: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

   Update:  ATDT  Compos0ng  Toilet  Project  Los  Álvarez  Community,  Nicaragua  

Roberto  Or)z-­‐Soto,  Project  Manager  Pat  Coyle,  ATDT  lead  

for  EWB-­‐SFP  June  29,  2015  

Page 2: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Agenda  •  Background:  2010  Phase  1  pilot,  completed    •  Phase  2,  completed  implementa0on  8/18  –  8/31/14  •  Ac0ons  since:  

•  Rotary  Global  Grant  applica0on  •  Numerous  talks  on  EWB  and  compos0ng  toilets  

•   Evalua0on  of  as-­‐built  unit  for      structural  upgrades  

•  Next  steps  •  Future  plans  •  Extra  stuff  –  0me  permiVng  

Completed  compos0ng  toilet  from  2010  pilot  implementa0on  trip  

Page 3: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Background  •  In  2010,  EWB-­‐SFP  ATDT,  Alvarez  Co-­‐op,  Alcance  Nicaragua  (AN)  and  Outreach  Interna0onal  (OI),  built  ten  compos0ng  toilets  with  the  community  of  Los  Alvarez,  Nicaragua  (134  families,  ~  938  people)  •  95%  of  its  latrines  were  in  poor  condi0on.    These  latrines  flood  with  water  during  the  winter  and  fail  structurally,  resul0ng  in  illnesses  due  to  exposure  to  fecal  macer  and  water  contamina0on  •  The  environment  is  polluted  and  inhabitants  are  exposed  to  physical  harm  due  to  latrine  collapse  

Completed  compos0ng  toilet  from  2010  pilot  implementa0on  trip  

Page 4: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Phase  1  status  •  In  April  2010,  EWB-­‐SFP  visited  Los  Alvarez  for  an  exploratory  trip  •  The  design  selected,  with  the  input  from  the  community,  was  a  two-­‐compartment  compos0ng  latrine  that  would  allow  one  compartment  to  be  sealed  during  the  compos0ng  process  •  Planning  and  material  procurement  took  place  between  October-­‐December  2010  •  Construc0on  took  place  in  January  2011  and  ten  compos0ng  latrines  were  built  • Workshops  were  conducted  on  the  use  and  maintenance  of  the  compos0ng  latrines  •  blog:  hcp://compostnica.wordpress.com/  

Page 5: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Phase  1  status  (cont.)  •  AN  has  monitored  the  pilot  project    •  Aeer  four  years  of  use,  the  compos0ng  toilets  were  working  great  •  User  acceptance  has  been  high,  families  harvest  organic  fer0lizer  with  a  value  of  ~$77  per  cycle  •  A  member  of  the  Alcance  Nicaragua  team  redesigned  and  built  a  less  expensive  compos0ng  toilet  cuVng  the  cost  by  half  –  so  cost    compe00ve  with  a  conven0onal  latrine,  which  needs  to  be  replaced,  oeen  annually  

Page 6: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Phase  2  overview  •  ATDT  and  OI  signed  MOU  to  build  addi0onal  10  reduced-­‐cost  toilets  over  12  days  in  August  2014  •  EWB-­‐HQ  transferred  ATDT  funds  to  OI/AN  for  the  local  group  to  purchase  materials  •  AN  and  the  local  group  iden0fied  new  beneficiaries,  procured  materials  and  transporta0on,  managed  the  construc0on,  and  collected  beneficiaries’  contribu0on  (40%  of  cost)  •  Constructed  14  of  the  new  redesigned  compos0ng  toilets  

Prototype  reduced  cost  redesigned  toilet  

Page 7: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Phase  2  (cont.)  •  July  2014:  AN  selected  par0cipants  in  community  of  El  Lllanito  

•  August  2014:  Material  Procurement  prior  to  construc0on  started  •  August  19-­‐August  31,  2014:  Construc0on  •  Post  Construc0on:  Documenta0on  –  in  progress  

Page 8: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Approach  Based  on  value-­‐engineered  design  and  materials  list,  the  community  group,  with  the  support  of  Alcance  Nicaragua:  •  managed  the  materials  purchase  and  transporta0on  •  Iden0fied  next  beneficiaries  based  on  the  criteria  of:  latrine  condi0on,  number  of  people,  type  of  soil,  financial  situa0on,  and  commitment  to  project  •  Commiced  to  repay  40%  of  total  cost:  an  ini0al  payment  of  $5.75  per  family  (already  paid)  and  a  24  month  repayment  plan  •  Prepared  an  adequate  place  to  build  the  compos0ng  toilet  •  Helped  with  labor  during  the  compos0ng  toilet  construc0on  •  Agreed  to  perform  the  compos0ng  toilet  maintenance  requirements  diligently  (Informa0onal  workshops  were  held  aeer  compos0ng  toilets  were  built)  

Page 9: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Community  overview  –  future  •  I  realized  when  I  got  there  that  the  Santa  Lucia  area  is  made  up  of  16  communi0es  that  include  Santa  Lucia,  Los  Alvarez,  and  El  Llanito  (where  we  implemented  the  second  phase)  •  In  total,  the  popula0on  of  the  Santa  Lucia  area  is  ~17,000  –  comprised  of  these  small  communi0es  located  in  a  beau0ful,  rugged  mountainous  countryside  •  Three  of  the  seven  Alcance  Nicaragua  staff  live  in  Santa  Lucia,  two  have  lived  here  their  en0re  lives  •   Alcance  Nicaragua  works  with  community  members  using  a  process  they  call  Desarolla  Humano  Par0cipa0vo  –  to  engage  the  community  to  iden0fy  problems  and  commit  to  their  solu0on  

We  have  a  trusted  local  NGO  in  this  community  -­‐  we  can  do  more  compos0ng  toilets,  we  also  iden0fied  a  water  distribu0on  project  and  could  do  other  projects  with  them.  They  are  the  real  deal!  

Page 10: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015
Page 11: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015
Page 12: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Map  view  of  drive  to  project    

NGO  has  offices  in  Masaya  and  Santa  Lucia  –  overall  drive  0me  from  airport,  to  Masaya,  then  back  north  is  about  two  and  half  hours    

Page 13: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

GPS  view  of  project    

Page 14: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Construc)on  process  summary  by  Mario  Calderón,  AN  •  Founda0on  

•  Site  selec0on:  families  locate  it  in  accessible  place  that  avoids  streams  •  Floor  Leveling:  excava0on  the  surface  area  -­‐  approximately  1.30  m  wide  x  2.10  m  long  x  30  cm  deep  

   

Page 15: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Construc)on  process  (cont.)  •  Fill  excava0on  with  stones:  (locally  called  bolón)  (Approximately  wheelbarrows  of  medium  sized  stones)  

   

Page 16: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Construc)on  process  (cont.)  •  Formwork  for  founda0on:    Prepare  pine  formwork  2.02  m  long  x  1.17  m  wide,  8  cm  thick;  to  be  installed  on  the  base  of  bolón  stone,  level  and  square  

   

Page 17: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Construc)on  process  (cont.)  •  Prepare  rebar  for  founda0on:  (5)  3/8”  bars  2  m  long,  (6)  1  m  long;  0ed  with  18  ga  wire  

   

Page 18: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Construc)on  process  (cont.)  •  Place  concrete  in  founda0on  form:  8  cm  deep,  level  and  square,  ensure  rebar  grid  stays  in  the  concrete  

   

Page 19: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Construc)on  process  (cont.)  •  Concrete  lids:  prepare  (3)  3/8”  rebar  grids  ,  42  cm  wide  by  44  cm;  make  wooden  formwork  42  cm  wide  by  44  cm  by  2  inches;  fill  with  concrete  (leave  handles  exposed)  

   

Page 20: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Construc)on  process  (cont.)  • Walls:  Place  two  courses  of  quarried  stone  (outside  2.02  m  long  by  1.10  m  wide,  84  cm  high  from  the  concrete  base);  vaults  (inside  80  sq  cm  by  84  cm  high);  doors  to  remove  compost  (42  cm  square)  

   

Page 21: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Construc)on  process  (cont.)  •  Floor,  plugs  and  plaster:  install  (2)  precast  floor  panels  100  cm  x  110  cm;  place  concrete  plugs  of  42  cm  x  44  cm  x  8  cm  in  vault  openings  and  one  of  the  floor  openings;  plaster    external  walls  of  vaults  

   

Page 22: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Construc)on  process  (cont.)  •  Floor,  plugs  and  plaster:  install  (2)  precast  floor  panels  100  cm  x  110  cm;  place  concrete  plugs  of  42  cm  x  44  cm  x  8  cm  in  vault  openings  and  one  of  the  floor  openings;  plaster    external  walls  of  vaults  

   

Page 23: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Construc)on  process  (cont.)  •  Superstructure  (shed):  secure  wood  frame  with  ¼  thick  iron  anchor  pins  in  holes  drilled  in  prefab  floors;  construct  2  x  2  inch  pine  wood  frame  (front:  200  cm  high,  door  60cm  wide  and  75  cm  high,  back:  179cm  high);  walls  clad  with  zinc  28  gauge,  12  foot  sheet,  fastened  with  1  ½  in    nails;  roof:  3  corrugated  zinc  sheets,  fastened  with  2  ½  in  nails  

   

Page 24: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Phase  2  Construc)on  (cont.)  

Families  with  completed  toilets  

Page 25: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Families  aeer  workshop    

Page 26: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Post  Construc)on:  Documenta)on  –  in  progress  

Page 27: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Post  Construc)on:  Structural  evalua)on/upgrades  –  in  progress  •  Our  augmented  team  consists  of:  Pat  Coyle,  Melissa  Crouse,  Machew  Kallerud,    John  Mar0nez,  Roberto  Or0z-­‐Soto,  Randy  Smith,    Lloyd  Soohoo,  Tyler  Wagnor,  and  Steven  Wong  

•  All  have  been  ac0ve  in  discussions  regarding  structural  evalua0ons  and  inexpensive  upgrades  to  improve  the  integrity  of  the  structure  •  Special  thanks  to:  • Melissa  Crouse  for  modeling  the  as-­‐built  compos0ng  latrine  in  Solidworks  •  Steven  Wong  and  Lloyd  Soohoo  for  their  structural  evalua0on  and  ideas  for  inexpensive  upgrades  

Page 28: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Structural  evalua)on/upgrades  –  in  progress  (con)nued)  The  emerging  approach  s0ll  requires  finaliza0on  and  review  of  calcula0ons,  but  would:  •  Add  concrete  masonry  units  (CMUs)  with  rebar  and  grout  at  the  corners  of  the  base  vault  structure  to  add  moment  resistance  •   Limit  the  force  into  the  base  vault  structure  from  the  upper  superstructure.  The  approach  provides  a  graceful  failure  of  the  superstructure  so  it  would  detach  from  the  base  vault  structure  in  high  wind  loads  (~80mph).  This  allows  us  to  ignore  the  design  of  the  superstructure  (which  we  cannot  assign  strengths  to  without  significantly  adding  to  the  cost)  and  s0ll  have  an  adequate  design  for  the  vault  below  

Page 29: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Structural  evalua)on/upgrades  –  in  progress  (con)nued)  The  superstructure  base  vault  structure  acachment  descrip0on  follows:  •  A  lumber  base  plate  would  be  mounted  to  the  top  perimeter  of  the  

base,  before  the  superstructure  is  acached  •  This  member  would  be  anchored  through  the  precast  concrete  

floors  into  the  stone  masonry  structure  •  The  lightweight  superstructure  would  be  placed  atop  this  configura0on  on  the  sill  plate  •  An  outer  perimeter  member,  with  a  lower  row  of  nails  would  acach  to  the  sill  plate.  An  upper  row  of  nails  would  acach  to  the  base  member  of  the  wooden  superstructure  

Page 30: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Structural  evalua)on/upgrades  –  in  progress  (con)nued)  The  superstructure  base  vault  structure  acachment  descrip0on  (cont):  •  The  nails  will  peel  out  with  sufficient  wind  loading,  releasing    the  superstructure,  before  too  much  bending  or  tension  is  placed  on  the  vault  structure  below  • Were  this  not  the  case,  in  high  winds,  like  the  design  basis  hurricane  for  Nicaragua,  the  en0re  structure,  including  the  stone  vault  would  have  the  poten0al  to  0p    •  See  cartoon  of  detail  in  next  slide  

Page 31: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015
Page 32: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Numerous  talks  on  EWB  and  compos)ng  toilets  

Presented  to:  •   EWRI  ASCE,    •  Rotary  clubs:    •  Livermore,  •  TriValley    •  Castro  

Valley  •  EWB  

Symposium  Without  Borders  at  Davis    

Page 33: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Next  steps  •  The  EWB  team  has  raised  funds  to  do  more  compos0ng  toilets  for  families  that  need  them  •  Almost  $3k  through  an  IndieGoGo  campaign  •  $7.5k  grant  from  EWB-­‐SFP  chapter  • My  Rotary  Club  of  Livermore  and  our  NGO  partnered  with  the  Masaya  Nicaragua  Rotary  for  a  Global  Grant  (GG)  for  $37.5k,  enough  to  do  about  80  more  units  –  at  Los  Alvarez  and  El  Llanito,  and  El  Tunel  and  La  Prusia,  closer  to  Masaya  and  Granada  •  Bill  Noc’s  Rotary  Club  of  Castro  Valley  helped  us  reach  $15k  minimum  to  qualify  for  matching  Rotary  Interna0onal  (RI)  grant  • We  are  responding  to  comments  from  RI  on  the  applica0on    –  none  of  them  deal  with  the  design  •  EWB-­‐SFP  ATDT    is  dona0ng  $5k  

Page 34: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Future  plans  •  EWB's  announcement  of  their  Nicaragua  office  and  first  hire,  Edrulfo  Rodriguez,  offers  a  par0cularly  interes0ng  opportunity  

•  Our  SFP  chapter  has:  •  an  exis0ng  infrastructure  project  for  water  supply  in  El  Limon,    •  the  Appropriate  Technology  Design  Team  (ATDT)  compos0ng  toilets,    •   a  new  water  supply  system  project  in  Nicaragua  –  which  means  we  will  be  engaged  for  a  minimum  of  five  more  years    

•  I’m  also  interested  in  using  EWB  Service  Corp  or  ATDT  models  with  Rotary  Global  Grants  with  the  potental  to  go  beyond  tradi0onal  one  chapter-­‐one  community  EWB  programs  for  broader,  regional  impacts  

Again,  Nicaragua  is  easy  to  visit:  A  red-­‐eye  from  SFO  gets  you  to  Managua  by  mid-­‐morning  

Page 35: Update: ATDT Composting Toilet Project Los Álvarez Community, Nicaragua for EWB-SFP June 29, 2015

Extra  stuff  –  0me  permiVng  But  wait,  you  also  get…  •  Teasers  on:  •  new  water  supply  project  •   5-­‐gal  bucket  based  compos0ng  toilet  workshop    •  Not  just  for  3rd  World  -­‐  hands-­‐on  EWB  workshop  at  

UC  Davis  •  Example  of  numerous  talks  on  EWB  and  compos0ng  

toilets  •  Excerpt  from  travel  memoir  piece,  Compos&ng  Toilets:  

A  Love  Story  •  More  photos  from  the  August  2014  implementa0on  trip  

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Just  got  applica)on  from  AN  for  new  water  supply  project  

   

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New  water  supply  project  loca)on:  near  El  Llanito  

   

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Exis)ng  well  and  site    

   

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Not  just  for  3rd  World  -­‐  hands-­‐on  EWB  workshop  at  UC  Davis  Based  on  A  Sewer  Catastrophe  Companion:  Dry  Toilets  for  Wet  Disasters,  the  field-­‐proven  5-­‐gallon  pail  based  compos&ng  approach  for  seismic  or  other  emergency  response  situa&ons  

Portland  Oregon’s  Bureau  of  Emergency  Management    has  adopted  this  approach  as  part  of  their  planning  

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Hands-­‐on  workshop  (cont.)  

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Hands-­‐on  workshop  (cont.)  

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Hands-­‐on  workshop  (cont.)  

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Wrap-­‐up,  Q&A  •  Compos0ng  toilets/Dry  Sanita0on:  The  simple  way  to  think  about  

this  is  “Don't  poop  in  the  water.”    Ques0ons?  Email  me,  [email protected],  with  follow  up    ques0ons  and  for  a  copy  of  the  Sewer  Catastrophe  Companion:  Dry  Toilets  for  Wet  Disasters,  the  field-­‐proven  5-­‐gallon  pail  based  compos&ng  approach  for  seismic  or  other  emergency  response  situa&ons  …  or  you  can  find  it  online  at:  hcp://www.portlandoregon.gov/pbem/ar0cle/447707  

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Excerpt  from  travel  memoir  short  story  

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This  compos0ng  toilet  reduced  cost  by  incorpora0ng  recycled  parts  from  a  failed  conven0onal  latrine:  •  Reused  door,  angle  and  tube  steel  frame,  sheet  metal  siding  •  Revised  superstructure  to  accommodate  these  parts  

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Proyecto de letrinas aboneras El Llanito, Nicaragua

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