University/IndustryItaly/World

Antonio Gulli

Creativity

“While euro zone unemployment maintained a steady 12% in August, Italy’s jobless rate rose from 12.1% to 12.2%.

But it was youth unemployment that took the worst hit in the euro zone’s third largest economy, reaching a new all-time high of 40.1% from 39.7% in July, reports the Guardian, Oct 1st 2013“

Research

In Italy: ~20% population has at a least a grade A = Bachelor Degree. Below OCSE average 40%

~2 years of delay for grade B, ~1 year for grade B. Italy aligned to OCSE average

~500,000 students 1st year 280,000 get the degree. Below OCSE average 67%

~1.4% of Italians have a Ph.D. Almost aligned with 1.6% OCSE average, but China ~2.2%

Makers

Getting a degree gives more chances to find a job (work full time: 64% below secondary, 71% upper secondary, 75% tertiary)

Getting a degree gives better income (tertiary give +50% income wrt secondary)

BUT the difference is less evident if you are young or if you are a woman

Connection

Italy “net present value” private +pubblic 155.346 $

Better opportunities in the labourmarket and higher earningsexpectations are indicator strongincentives for individuals to invest ineducation and postpone consumptionand earnings for future rewards

“net present value” +155.346 $ for tertiary degree during life WRT upper investment “net present value” +77.652 $ for a woman

Instruction is best investment for Italy

Inn

ova

te

Italy’s public expense is 800 billion per year (huge: ~50% GDP! )

Education is ~4,7% GDP, below OCSE average 6,5 %.

Teachers

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p

o

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t

So far, 400,000 people with tertiary degree left Italy (173,000 women)

Cost of education 80 billions (200,000$ per person – total life)

2011/12 International students 64,704.

Visa in Italy 25,676U.K. 271,273 France 65,538 Germany 30,035 Spain 24,864

Homework: estimate the impact

on the economy per year?

EXPLORE

Alessio Signorini, ItalianU.S., AchieveMint

Luca Foschini, ItalianU.S., AchieveMint

Gianni Ceccarelli, ItalianU.K., Net-a-porter

Corrado Zoccolo, ItalianSwitzerland, Google

Igor Nitto, ItalianU.K., QuantumFund

Riccardo Brigo, ItalianGermany, Microsoft

Antonio Savona ItalianU.K., Blinkbox

Federico Colla, ItalianU.K, Google

Rui Ferreira, PortugueseU.K., Microsoft

Antonio Scotti, ItalianFrance, Amazon

Giovanni Deretta, ItalianU.K., Timbra Capital

Dario Cazzaro, ItalianSwitzerland, Google

Claudio Corsi, ItalianU.K., Microsoft

Alberto Arri, ItalianU.K., Google

Francesco Nidito , ItalianU.K., Microsoft

Maurizio Sambati, ItalianU.K, Microsoft BACK IN ITALY STARTUP, Viralize

16 guys studied in Pisa & worked with me, 15 are now abroad, 1 is back

4 Microsoft, 4 Google, 2 Finance, 1 Amazon, 1 Net-a-porter, 1 Blinkbox, 3 startups

EXPLORE

Future

Romania Income Tax Rate 16%

Romania Corporate Tax 16%

The income of employees developing computer software is exempt from income tax

Estonia has the most startups per

person, and Skype. The country was able to capitalize in two ways:

Teaching children to codeGovernment embraces Technology

"Basically, if you want to transform a society, you have to start with the young people, and give them the kind of education that will allow them to handle the future”,

President Toomas Hendrik Ilves, Estonia

Science

Your Name? LucaWhere you studied? Sant'Anna UCSB, MS, PhD

What? Engineering

Where are you now? founder of AchieveMint

Company? AchieveMint, data analytics for healthy behaviour

Your Story: Co-founder of AchieveMint, Ph.D. in CS from UC Santa Barbara and internships at Google Research and the ETH Zurich. Accumulated 5 years of industry experience at Ask.com, Google, and the CERN

Your Thoughts: Undergraduate education is top-notch in Italy. That is remarkable especially considered the lack of resources allocated to it, which mainly depends on the missing ties to the industry and public funding agencies that are instead well-established in other countries. Such lack of connective tissue with the non-academic world becomes more crippling at the graduate and post-graduate level. For this reason, which I personally experienced during the lackluster days of my Master's at the University of Pisa, I recommend pursuing any graduate education abroad.

Appendix

In the United States in 2011, the average annual salary for 25-29 year-olds who had completed an ISCED 5A first degree was USD 44 800. However, this average ranged from USD 34 750 for those who had completed a degree in social work to USD 75 700 for those who had completed a degree in computer engineering.

In Canada, the median salaries in 2007 for 2005 ISCED 5A graduates who studied engineering were about 64% higher than the salaries of graduates who had majored in visual and performing arts.

In Sweden, the average 2010 salary for 25-29 year-old graduates in engineering was 90% higher than the average for students who had majored in arts and humanities

Typically include researchers who hold aPh.D. Based on 2011 patterns of graduation,1.6% of young people, on average acrossOECD countries, will graduate fromadvanced research programmes, comparedto 1.0% in 2000. Countries with the highestincrease in advanced research graduationrates are Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand,the Slovak Republic and the UnitedKingdom, where graduation rates increasedby at least 1 percentage point from 2000 to2011. China had a graduation rate of 2.2%in 2011 – above the OECD average.

In almost all OECD countries, theshare of 35-44 year-old men whowork full time is considerably largerthan the share of 55-64 year-old menwho do so. No such pattern is evidentamong women. In fact, in manycountries, the share of tertiary-educated 55-64 year-old womenworking full time is larger than that of35-44 year-old women with the samelevel of education. These differencesmay be associated with countries’childcare policies.

Higher levels of skills usually translate into better chances of employment and higher earnings. In fact, in all OECD countries for which information is available, the higher the level of education, the greater the relative earnings.

While relative earnings for individuals with higher educational attainment tend to increase with age, relative earnings for people with below upper secondary education tend to decrease with age.

In Italia, se attribuiamo un valore di 100 unità per uno stipendio medio di un diplomato, allora un laureato guadagnerà in media 150, contro 80 unità di colui che non ha il diploma.

Ciò vuol dire che i laureati guadagnano in media il 50% in più dei coetanei privi del titolo accademico.

This indicator provides information on the costs and benefits of education and the incentives to invest in education. It assesses the economic benefits of education for an individual by estimating the earnings premiums of higher levels of education, taking into consideration the direct and indirect costs and benefits of attaining those levels of education. Besides higher earnings compared to individuals with lower education levels, the probability of finding work, expressed in monetary terms by the variable called «unemployment effect», is also a benefit.Costs include direct costs, notably tuition fees, and indirect costs due to higher income taxes, social contributions levies, loss of salary because of delayed entry into the labour market, and fewer entitlements to social transfers, such as housing allowances, family allowances or supplemental social welfare benefits. during his working life