TABLE OF CONTENTS

Reference Atlas A1Geography Handbook 1World History Themes 12

REVIEWU n i t The World Before 15

Modern Times

Chapter 1The Rise of Civilizations 18

1 Human Beginnings 202 Civilizations in Africa and the Middle East 303 Civilizations in Asia and the Americas 44

Chapter 2The Advance of Civilizations 56

1 Greece 582 Rome and Early Christianity 703 Africa 784 Asia 835 The Americas 89

Chapter 3Regional Civilizations 98

1 Eastern Christian Lands 1002 Islamic Civilization 1053 Early Medieval Europe 1134 Asia’s Pacific Rim 123

Chapter 4Toward a New World 136

1 Asian Empires 1382 A New Europe 1443 African Kingdoms and City-States 1544 The Americas 161

U n i t Emergence of the 174

Modern World

Chapter 5Renaissance and Reformation 178

1 The Italian Renaissance 1802 The Northern Renaissance 1883 The Protestant Reformation 1914 The Spread of Protestantism 1945 The Catholic Reformation 198

Chapter 6Expanding Horizons 208

1 Early Explorations 2102 Overseas Empires 2163 Changing Ways of Life 222

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U n i t Age of 286

Revolution

Chapter 9Scientific Revolution 290

1 New Scientific Ideas 2922 Impact of Science 2973 Triumph of Reason 300

Chapter 10English and American Revolutions 310

1 Civil War 3122 A King Returns to the Throne 3163 Road to Revolt 3214 A War for Independence 328

Chapter 11The French Revolution 334

1 The Old Order 3362 Constitutional Government 3403 Dawn of a New Era 3434 Napoleon’s Empire 3505 Peace in Europe 356

Chapter 7Empires of Asia 230

1 Muslim Empires 2322 Chinese Dynasties 2383 The Japanese Empire 2444 Southeast Asia 250

Chapter 8Royal Power and Conflict 256

1 Spain 2582 England 2613 France 2664 The German States 2705 Russia 274

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U n i t Industry and 370

Nationalism

Chapter 12Age of Industry 374

1 Living from the Land 3762 The Beginnings of Change 3793 The Growth of Industry 3834 A New Society 388

Chapter 13Cultural Revolution 396

1 New Ideas 3982 The New Science 4023 Popular Culture 4054 Revolution in the Arts 411

Chapter 14Democracy and Reform 422

1 Reform in Great Britain 4242 The Dominions 4283 Political Struggles in France 4314 Expansion of the United States 4365 Latin American Independence 442

Chapter 15Reaction and Nationalism 450

1 The Unification of Italy 4522 The Unification of Germany 4573 Bismarck’s Realm 4614 Empire of the Czars 4665 Austria-Hungary’s Decline 471

Chapter 16The Age of Imperialism 478

1 Pressures for Expansion 4802 The Partition of Africa 4833 The Division of Asia 4894 Imperialism in the Americas 497

U n i t World in 508

Conflict

Chapter 17World War I 512

1 The Seeds of War 5142 The Spark 5173 The War 5204 The Russian Revolution 5325 Peace at Last 536

Chapter 18Between Two Fires 544

1 The Postwar World 5462 The Western Democracies 5523 Fascist Dictatorships 5574 The Soviet Union 564

Chapter 19Nationalism in Asia, Africa, 570and Latin America

1 New Forces in the Middle East and Africa 5722 India’s Struggle for Independence 5773 China’s Drive for Modernization 5804 Militarism in Japan 5835 Nationalism in Latin America 587

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Chapter 20World War II 600

1 The Path to War 6022 War in Europe 6073 A Global Conflict 6144 Turning Points 6205 Allied Victories 624

U n i t The 634

ContemporaryWorld

Chapter 21The Cold War 638

1 The East-West Split 6402 The Communist Bloc 6483 Western Europe 6544 The United States and Canada 658

Chapter 22Asia and the Pacific 670

1 Japan’s Economic Rise 6722 China in Revolution 6773 A Divided Korea 6824 Southeast Asia 6855 South Asia 6926 The Pacific 696

Chapter 23Africa 702

1 African Independence 7042 Africa Today 7113 Africa’s Challenges 717

Chapter 24The Middle East 724

1 Nationalism in the Middle East 7262 War and Peace in the Middle East 7303 Challenges Facing the Middle East 738

Chapter 25Latin America 748

1 Latin American Challenges 7502 Mexico and the Caribbean 7553 Central America 7614 South America 766

Chapter 26The World in Transition 772

1 The End of the Cold War 7742 The Crumbling Wall 7803 Toward a European Union 7864 National and Ethnic Conflicts 7905 Global Interdependence 794

Appendix 806English Glossary 806Index 814Spanish Glossary 835Acknowledgments 846

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