The World Before Modern Times

Ch 1 Prehistory to 1500CE1.1 Ancient Civilizations

Ch1.1 Vocab

• Monotheism• Mandate of Heaven• Oligarchy• Democratic• Republic• Culture• Cycle• Classical

Nomads to Civilized Folk

• Paleolithic Period• Earliest humans used tools, fire• Hunters/gatherers• Culture evidenced by cave paintings

Neolithic Revolution

• About 10,000BC• Grow grains and domesticate animals

– Leads to permanent communities• First civilizations spring up

Egypt and Western Asia!•Boom

•Civilizations•Developing cities•Organized states

•Political, military, social, and religious systems

•Written language•Record keeping•ENORMOUS monuments

•Bust•Smaller states rise: Phoenicians and Israelites•Assyrians and Persians bring peace and prosperity to Middle East

Egypt vs. Mesoamerica

Pyramids of Giza – 2500BC +/- Pyramids of Mexico – 900AD +/-

Ancient Aliens: What are the Pyramids?Straight from the History Channel!

Key Elements of India

• Two major empires: Mauryan and Gupta• Indus River Valley, 3000-1000 BCE• Aryan arrival creates rigid caste system• Hinduism and Buddhism

Greeks!•Contributions

•Western culture•Philosophy, literature, art, politics, etc.

•City-states•Peloponnesian War: 5th Century BC•Thinkers:

•Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle•Hellenistic Era

•Alexander the Great•Four kingdoms

Ancient China

• First Dynasty– Shang, about 1600 BC

• Mandate of Heaven– Gives kings a divine right of rule– What is the Chinese cultural definition of Heaven?

Roman Empire•Biggest Contributor to American Society

•Language, culture, politics, law, societal constructs, architecture

•City of Rome unifies Italian peninsula•Republic ruled by oligarchy of aristocrats

•Republic to Empire•Defeating Carthage, Macedonia, Greece, and more

•And then….COLLAPSE•Civil war, invasion, plague, economic decline•Christianity takes root

Discussion & Review

• The peoples of ______ and ______ built the first civilizations.– Mesopotamia and Egypt

• What empire preceded the Gupta empire in India?– Mauryan

• What was the first Chinese dynasty?– Shang

The World Before Modern Times

Ch 1, Lesson 2New Patterns of Civilization

Ch 1.2 Vocab

• Lineage group• Landed aristocrats• Sultanate• Feudalism• Crusades

World of Islam – 700CE•Contributions

•Math, science, literature, and art•Arab Empire

•Muhammad•Umayyad and Abbasid Dynasties

•Islamic Civilization•Built on Quran•Extensive trade network

•From E Europe to SE Asia!•Absorbed conquered culture•Brought code of law and written language to conquered ppls

Islam Cont’d.

Islam Cont’d.

Early Africa – 1300 AD•Major Civilizations

•Egypt, Kush, Axum•Zimbabwe under Islam

•Trading States•Ghana and Mali•Songhai Empire: salt and gold

•Society•Based on lineage groups•Many gods and spirits•Ancestor worship•Traditions in art, music and architecture

•European threat•Around 1400 AD the Portuguese began exploring West Africa for gold and slaves.

Medieval Asia – 500 CE•Massive growth and conflict•China

•Five dynasties over 1000 years•Japan

•Long isolated, begins to adopt Chinese customs, technology, and culture

•India•Invasions from Islam, sultanate of Delhi•Religious turmoil: Hindus, Buddhists, and Muslims

•Southeast Asia•Other societies flourish because of the success and power of Chinese and India civilizations

Europe in Middle Ages – 800 CE

•Western Civilization Begins!•Carolingian Empire

•Fall of Western Roman Empire•Charlemagne fuses Rome and Germans with Christianity

•Feudalism puts nobles in charge•High Middle Ages

•1000 to 1300 sees rapid growth in agriculture, production, trade, cities, towns, and economies

•Catholicism is King•Dominant religion

•Culture and Decline•1300s include plague, war, trade declines, and a series of unfortunate events.

Byzantine Empire•Eastern Rome becomes Byzantine Empire

•Prospers for hundreds of years•Macedonia – 9th, 10th, and 11th Centuries

•Culture Spreads•To the Balkans, central Europe and Russia•Greek classics make comeback

•Falls because of Crusades and Ottoman Turks in 1452

Americas – 5000BCCalusa in Florida! • Central/South Cultures

– Maya and Aztec• Temples, pyramids,

palaces• Polytheistic• Human sacrifice

– Inca• Fall to Spanish in 15th

Century

• North Cultures– Inuit, Anasazi, and

Iroquois, etc.

Discussion & Review

• The eastern Roman Empire became the _________ Empire– Byzantine

• Name two civilizations which pyramids?– Mesoamerican and Egyptian

• In Central and South America, what dominant cultures first flourished?– Maya, Aztek, & Inca