unit ix: rocks notes packet - rochester city school ...€¦ · minerals within igneous rocks vary...
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NYS Regents Earth Science UNIT IX: Rocks Notes Packet
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UNIT IX: ROCKS NOTES PACKET
Picture: Lower Falls on the Genesee River
in Rochester, NY. Here the variable
weathering rates have exposed a number of
unique rock layers all of which are
sedimentary. The reddish-purple
sandstones are commonly found around
Rochester being used as building stones.
NYS Regents Earth Science UNIT IX: Rocks Notes Packet
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After UNIT IX you should be able to:
o Understand the processes within the rock cycle
o Be able to identify common rocks
o Be able to describe where and how certain rocks form
o Utilize the ESRT to determine information about:
o Rock name
o Texture
o Environment of formation
o Mineral composition
o Grain size
o Formation details
o Rock map symbols
o Comments
UNIT VIII vocabulary you should be able to use and understand:
o Crust o Element o Mineral o Rock o Igneous o Sedimentary o Metamorphic o Magma o Melting o Solidification o Intrusive o Extrusive o Volcanic eruption o Texture o Crystals o Grains o Glassy o Vesicular o Fine
o Coarse o Interlocking crystals o Molten rock o Dissolved gases o Lava o Pluton o Felsic o Mafic o Density o Continental o Oceanic o Cementation o Fragmental o Solution o Organic o Uplift o Weathering o Erosion o Compaction
o Cementation o Burial o Deposition o Clastic o Crystallize o Precipitates o Evaporites o Metamorphism o Compression o Regional metamorphism o Contact metamorphism o Foliated o Non-foliated o Mineral alignment o Banding o Gas pockets
NYS Regents Earth Science UNIT IX: Rocks Notes Packet
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In UNIT IX we seek to understand the characteristics and cycling of rocks. Rocks can provide a variety of information to geologists, but it is first important to gain some insight into the major elements in Earth’s crust.
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What is a rock?
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Rocks are classified into 3 distinct groups based on how they formed.
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IGNEOUS ROCKS
How do igneous rocks form?
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Types of Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks fall into one of the two following categories:
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Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification
This chart easily delineates which group common igneous rocks belong to.
Extrusive (volcanic) Igneous Rocks
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Extrusive Igneous Rock Textures
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Intrusive (plutonic) Igneous Rocks
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Cooling Rate and Crystal Size
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Mineral Sources for Igneous Rocks
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Intrusive Igneous Rock Textures
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Further Classification of Igneous Rocks
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Examples of mafic and felsic rocks
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Mineral Content
Minerals within igneous rocks vary based on source magma/lava and the environmental conditions of solidification
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For example, granite contains the minerals potassium feldspar, quartz, plagioclase feldspar, biotite, and amphibole
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
What is a sedimentary rock?
Sedimentary rocks meet one of the following conditions:
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Clastic (fragmental) Rocks
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Concrete would be classified as a clastic sedimentary rock
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Classifying Clastic Rocks
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Origins of Grains
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Sand grains could be deposited on a beach such as these
from Hawaii
Layers of these sediments can then be cemented together
Crystalline Rocks
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Bioclastic Rocks
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METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Metamorphic Rocks
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Metamorphism
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How does metamorphism occur?
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How does the rock change?
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Textures of Metamorphic Rocks
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Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
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Non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks
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Contact Metamorphism
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Use both the sedimentary and metamorphic rock charts to identify what the sedimentary rocks metamorphose into
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ROCK IDENTIFICATION FOR THE PART D LAB PRACTICAL
Within 2 weeks of your final exam in June, you will be required to complete the Part D Lab Practical. The lab practical is out of 16 points, 4 of which are rock identification.
You will be required to identify 2 rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) and state one observable characteristic that supports your choice.
Here is a quick review of rock textures/characteristics that you may see on the final.
Sedimentary Rocks
Observation you might make that indicate a rock is sedimentary:
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Metamorphic Rocks
Observations you might make that indicate a rock is metamorphic
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Igneous Rocks
Observations you might make that indicate a rock is igneous:
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CHECKS FOR UNDERSTANDING
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For each of the rock samples, state if they are igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary and provide one piece of evidence that supports your choice.
Picture Rock Type Reason
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