unit ix: rocks notes packet€¦ · nys regents earth science unit ix: rocks notes packet 2 | p a g...

NYS Regents Earth Science UNIT IX: Rocks Notes Packet

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UNIT IX: ROCKS NOTES PACKET

Picture: Lower Falls on the Genesee River

in Rochester, NY. Here the variable

weathering rates have exposed a number of

unique rock layers all of which are

sedimentary. The reddish-purple

sandstones are commonly found around

Rochester being used as building stones.


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After UNIT IX you should be able to:

o Understand the processes within the rock cycle

o Be able to identify common rocks

o Be able to describe where and how certain rocks form

o Utilize the ESRT to determine information about:

o Rock name

o Texture

o Environment of formation

o Mineral composition

o Grain size

o Formation details

o Rock map symbols

o Comments

UNIT VIII vocabulary you should be able to use and understand:

o Crust o Element o Mineral o Rock o Igneous o Sedimentary o Metamorphic o Magma o Melting o Solidification o Intrusive o Extrusive o Volcanic eruption o Texture o Crystals o Grains o Glassy o Vesicular o Fine

o Coarse o Interlocking crystals o Molten rock o Dissolved gases o Lava o Pluton o Felsic o Mafic o Density o Continental o Oceanic o Cementation o Fragmental o Solution o Organic o Uplift o Weathering o Erosion o Compaction

o Cementation o Burial o Deposition o Clastic o Crystallize o Precipitates o Evaporites o Metamorphism o Compression o Regional metamorphism o Contact metamorphism o Foliated o Non-foliated o Mineral alignment o Banding o Gas pockets


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In UNIT IX we seek to understand the characteristics and cycling of rocks. Rocks can provide a variety of information to geologists, but it is first important to gain some insight into the major elements in Earth’s crust.

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What is a rock?

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Rocks are classified into 3 distinct groups based on how they formed.

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IGNEOUS ROCKS

How do igneous rocks form?

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Types of Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks fall into one of the two following categories:

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Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification

This chart easily delineates which group common igneous rocks belong to.

Extrusive (volcanic) Igneous Rocks

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Extrusive Igneous Rock Textures

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Intrusive (plutonic) Igneous Rocks

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Cooling Rate and Crystal Size

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Mineral Sources for Igneous Rocks

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Intrusive Igneous Rock Textures

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Further Classification of Igneous Rocks

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Examples of mafic and felsic rocks

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Mineral Content

Minerals within igneous rocks vary based on source magma/lava and the environmental conditions of solidification

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For example, granite contains the minerals potassium feldspar, quartz, plagioclase feldspar, biotite, and amphibole

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

What is a sedimentary rock?

Sedimentary rocks meet one of the following conditions:

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Clastic (fragmental) Rocks

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Concrete would be classified as a clastic sedimentary rock

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Classifying Clastic Rocks

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Origins of Grains

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Sand grains could be deposited on a beach such as these

from Hawaii

Layers of these sediments can then be cemented together

Crystalline Rocks

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Bioclastic Rocks

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METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Metamorphic Rocks

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Metamorphism

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How does metamorphism occur?

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How does the rock change?

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Textures of Metamorphic Rocks

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Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

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Non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks

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Contact Metamorphism

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Use both the sedimentary and metamorphic rock charts to identify what the sedimentary rocks metamorphose into

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ROCK IDENTIFICATION FOR THE PART D LAB PRACTICAL

Within 2 weeks of your final exam in June, you will be required to complete the Part D Lab Practical. The lab practical is out of 16 points, 4 of which are rock identification.

You will be required to identify 2 rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) and state one observable characteristic that supports your choice.

Here is a quick review of rock textures/characteristics that you may see on the final.

Sedimentary Rocks

Observation you might make that indicate a rock is sedimentary:

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Metamorphic Rocks

Observations you might make that indicate a rock is metamorphic

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Igneous Rocks

Observations you might make that indicate a rock is igneous:

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CHECKS FOR UNDERSTANDING

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For each of the rock samples, state if they are igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary and provide one piece of evidence that supports your choice.

Picture Rock Type Reason

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unit ix: rocks notes packet€¦ · nys regents earth science unit ix: rocks notes packet 2 | p a g...

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