UNIT 2: POPULATION & MIGRATION

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• Compare Jus Soli and Jus Sanguinis

• Identify the four eras of immigration to the U.S.

• Explain the four phases of internal migration in the U.S.

• Define Centroid

• Explain intraregional migration trends within the United States

• Discuss quotas and immigration policy

• Identify major immigration concerns in the United States

• Explain immigration concerns outside of the U.S.

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SESSION 7Issues of Migration

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CLASS ACTIVITY

• Directions:• Answer the 25 questions

provided

• A score ranging between 85% and 100% is needed to be the equivalent of a passing grade for a new immigrant to the country.

• Understand that beyond this test (which is longer than the sample provided), immigrants must also partake in an interview as well.

• Jus Soli (right of the territory) • birthright citizenship (born on soil makes you a citizen)

unique to a handful of countries

• Jus Sanguinis (right of blood)• your parents are citizens so are you• Some countries will accept other blood relatives (i.e.

grandparents, great-grandparents, etc.)…i.e. Ireland, Israel, India, etc.

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ipCountries with Jus Soli

Immigration Era: 1840-1890

• The majority of the migrants to the United States came from Northern and Western Europe with the majority coming from Ireland and Germany. Both groups of immigrants were escaping poor economic conditions as well as political turmoil. By the end of the period, over half a million Scandinavians also arrived in the United States, as well as a large number of Chinese and Japanese immigrants to the Pacific Coast.

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nImmigration Era : 1607-1840

• Bulk of migrants coming to America in this time period came from the British Isles (English, Scottish, Welsh and some Irish). Beginning in the late 17th century slaves from Sub-Saharan African slaves became the first forced migrants to the New World, with nearly half a million brought to North America by the end of the 18th century.

Immigration Era: 1890-1930

• A sharp rise in migrants from Southern and Eastern Europe (through the entry point of Ellis Island) to the U.S. escaping war and poverty. Russians, Poles, Italians, Jews, Greeks and others from Central Europe made up 2/3rd ‘s of all immigrants during this period. By the 1930’s, however, immigration restriction and quota limits drastically cut the number of immigrants arriving in the U.S.

Immigration Era: 1930-Present

• During the 30’s and 40’s immigration dropped drastically before a new wave in the 1950’s. Three quarters of immigrants since the 1950’s have come from Asia (China, the Philippines, India, Vietnam and the Middle East) and Latin America (primarily Mexico, Cuba and Central America). Most came for economic reasons, but many also faced political and religious oppression.

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Phase 1: Hugging the Coast

1607-1800• America as a group of

colonies and as an early nation existed between the Atlantic Ocean and Appalachian Mountains

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Phase 2: Manifest Destiny

1800-1865• Americans pushed west

over the Appalachians into the interior of the country through territorial acquisition with new population centers around the Great Lakes and California

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Phase 3: Industrial Era1865-1940

• Post-Civil War, migration shifted to northern industrial cities as well as the Great Plains and the West Coast, dispersing the population throughout the country.

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Phase 4: Sun Belt Migration

1940-Present• Americans have

gradually begun migrating from the Midwest, Great Plains and Northeast to the preferable conditions of the New South and Southwest.

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• CA, TX, NY, FL – 4 most populous states. • All are top destinations for immigrants and for internal migration. • These 4 have become political powerhouses. Three of four in Sun Belt.

• Centroid: Geographic center point or population weight balance• In the U.S., much further West and South than it was at beginning of

20th Century…Centroid currently in Missouri

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nRural to Urban

-Urbanization increased from 5% in 1800 to 50% by 1920 to 80% in 2010

Urban to Suburban

- Suburbanization began with the invention of the automobile but greatly increased in the 1950’s.

Counter-Urbanization- In recent decades populations in cities and nearby suburbs have begun moving back to more rural settings to escape the sprawl

Check for Understanding: Student Discussion

What are the three essential questions of Human Geography?

What is the difference between physical and human geography? What field is created when they are combined? What are the sub-fields of Human Geography?

What are the theories of Environmental Determinism and Possibillism? How do they differ? What theory has come to replace possibilism? Which idea do you most agree with?

• Quotas: a selective immigration policy that limits the number of migrants entering a country• First established in 1921in the US• Today global quota for the U.S. is

700,000

• Number of applicants far exceeds quotas so Congress sets preferences for…• Family Unification (typical wait for

spouse is 5 yrs)• Skilled workers/professionals (LDCs

accuse U.S. of brain drain, taking best and brightest)

• Diversity: No more than 7% of the quota from one country

• Quotas do not apply to refugees – special status

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• Total Numbers: Estimated around 11 million unauthorized immigrants in the U.S.• Source: 58% emigrate from Mexico and the rest

divided between Latin American countries and others around the world

• Children: 1 million of the 11 million unauthorized immigrants are children

• Duration: Nearly 70% have been in the U.S. for over 10 years

• Labor Force: Approximately 8 million unauthorized immigrants are employed in mostly blue-collar jobs (construction, food service, etc.)

• Distribution: Largest populations in CA, NV, AZ, TX, CO, and FL

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VIDEO

• Directions:• Watch the immigration

episode of 30 Days and be prepared to discuss afterwards

http://vimeo.com/11155073

U.S

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sBorder Patrols:

- Many Americans want more effective border patrols…in 2010 390,000 unauthorized immigrants were deported

Workplace:- Most Americans recognize that immigrants take jobs that others don’t want and support paths to legal citizenship

Civil Rights:- Americans favor allowing law enforcement officials to verify legal status of immigrants, but worry about civil rights violations

Local Initiatives:- Most Americans view enforcement of unauthorized immigration as a federal responsibility and oppose local law enforcement

Concerns over Unauthorized Immigration

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Europe: Internal immigration due to the EU has brought many Eastern European migrants to Western European countries for jobs in construction and the service sector. International migrants from former colonies has changed the ethnic homogeny in many countries causing large amounts of resistance and racism

Australia: Dealing with an influx of immigrants from China, India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East has led to a great deal of resistance from some Australians

Japan: Recently a spike in immigration from Korea and China has led to a rise in racism and xenophobia in Japan

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TEST: UNIT 2