class 5b: population and migration
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Class 5b: Population and Migration. Push and pull factors Types of migration Determining destinations. Migration basics. Long-distance change of residence and “activity space” Pull and push factors International or internal Voluntary or forced Affects both receiving and sending places. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Class 5b: Population and Migration
• Push and pull factors• Types of migration• Determining destinations
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Migration basics
• Long-distance change of residence and “activity space”
• Pull and push factors• International or internal• Voluntary or forced• Affects both receiving and sending places
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Pull and push factors
• Pulls: economic opportunity, natural resources, climate, freedom
• Pushes: war or conflict, natural disaster, population pressure
• Political or economic trends• Changes in life cycle or career cycle
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International migration
• 3% of world population• Wide range of push and pull factors• Major cultural and political impacts• Remittances to home country
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U.S. 11%California 26.2%
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California 26.2%Sacramento Co. 16.1%
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Sac. Co. 16.1% Folsom 2.5%
Fruitridge 39.6%
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New EnglandPlymouth, MAJamestown, VA
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HarlemSchuylkill, NY
Holland, MI
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Baton Rouge, LASault Ste. Marie, MI
Fond du Lac, WI
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Germantown, PAFrankfort, KY
New Berlin, WI
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New Uppsala, WIBergen, MNDenmark, IA
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Little Italy (NY, SF)Pulaski Ave. (Chi)Ukrainian Village
(Chi)
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Internal migration• From one region or state to another
1998-1999 (thousands)
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Internal migration• Rural to urban migration
– Push: land or income shortage– Pull: jobs
• Historically goes with industrialization• Population shift in developing countries
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Voluntary or forced
• Voluntary: free choice• Forced: not your choice
– Slavery– Refugees– Redevelopment
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Where to?
• Hierarchy of destination decision-making• Different scales mean different factors
– Country– Region or city– Neighborhood
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Where to?
• Migration field: for a given place, where people tend to come from and go to– Distance or accessibility– Cultural or social similarity– Personal contacts
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Where to?
• Channelized migration: historical patterns matter
• Great Migration (1890-1920)– 500,000 African-Americans– Economic/social push– Economic pull– North to South and rural to
urban
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Where to?
• Return migration: back to place of origin• Up to 25% of all migrants• Unsuccessful trip, or the goal all along• Guestworkers: intended to be temporary
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U.S. Immigration and California
• Unrestricted immigration till 1880s• Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882• National Origins Act of 1924• 1934 restrictions on Filipinos• Bracero program of 1942-1964• Today, preference to families or skilled workers
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