unit 1: navigation. what is navigation? navigation is the process of monitoring and controlling the...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 1: Navigation
What is Navigation?
• Navigation is the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another
• It involves:– Gathering information from sources– Evaluating the information– Making decisions based on the
information
• Navigation techniques vary with the type of vessel, conditions and the navigators experience
• Navigation is both a science and an art that takes knowledge, skill and practice
Types of Navigation
There are 6 main types of navigation:1. Dead Reckoning2. Piloting3. Celestial Navigation4. Radio Navigation5. Radar Navigation6. Satellite Navigation
1. Dead Reckoning (DR)
• the process of estimating your position by advancing a known position using course, speed, time and distance to be traveled.
In other words figuring out where you will be at a certain time if you hold the speed, time and course you plan to travel.
2. Piloting
• Piloting involves navigating in restricted waters with frequent determination of position relative to geographic and hydrographic features.– This method is used when in sight of
land
3. Celestial Navigation
• uses "sights," or angular measurements taken between a celestial body (the sun, the moon, a planet or a star) and the visible horizon to locate one's position on the globe, on land as well as at sea.
4. Radio Navigation
• uses radio frequencies to determine position on Earth.
• The basic principles are measurements from/to electric beacons, especially:– Directions– Distances– Velocity (partly)
5. Radar Navigation
• Uses a radar to determine the distance from or, bearing of, objects whose position is known.
6. Satellite Navigation
• Uses artificial earth satellite systems, such as GPS, to determine position.
MAPS & CHARTS
Map
• A map is a visual representation of an area
• It represents selected features of the Earth's surface, drawn to scale.
Maps Include
• The graphic representations on maps may consist of:– Lines and symbols of various colors– Drawings of landforms– Photographs with the additions of
lines and colors to emphasize features
• Maps show land areas, political subdivisions, and topography.
Scale
• Many, but not all, maps are drawn to a scale, expressed as a ratio such as 1:10,000
• This means that 1 of any unit of measurement on the map corresponds to 10,000 of that same unit on the ground.
Political vs Physical Maps
• Most maps of the world or large areas are either political or physical
• Political maps show territorial borders
• Physical maps show features of geography such as mountains, soil type or land use
Political Map of Canada
Physical Map of Canada
Charts
• A chart is a special-purpose map, generally designed for a form of navigation, such as sea navigation.
• A nautical chart is a graphic representation of a sea area and adjacent coastal regions.
• Depending on the scale of the chart, it may show:– Depths of the water– Heights of land– Natural features of the seabed– Details of coastline– Navigational hazards– Locations of natural and man-made
navigational aids
