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UNIDO Energy Portfolio and African Small Hydropower Development Status, Challenges and Opportunities Liu Heng Department of Energy, UNIDO 6 November 2018 Lusaka, Zambia

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Page 1: UNIDO Energy Portfolio and African Small Hydropower ......•UNIDO and its Energy Portfolio •Small hydropower Characters and Functions •Review of world small hydropower development

UNIDO Energy Portfolio andAfrican Small Hydropower DevelopmentStatus, Challenges and Opportunities

Liu HengDepartment of Energy, UNIDO

6 November 2018Lusaka, Zambia

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Outline

• UNIDO and its Energy Portfolio• Small hydropower Characters and Functions• Review of world small hydropower development• SHP status in Africa• SHP challenges in Africa• SHP opportunities in Africa• Summary 

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1, UNIDO and its Energy Portfolio

• UNIDO is the specialized agency of the United Nations that promotes industrial development for poverty reduction, inclusive globalization and environmental sustainability.

• The mission of UNIDO is to promote and accelerate inclusive and sustainable industrial development (ISID) in developing countries and economies in transition.

• ISID: Lima Declarations (1975 and 2013) • 1975: https://www.unido.org/fileadmin/media/images/1975‐Lima_Declaration_and_Plan_of_Action_on_Industrial_Development_and_Co‐operation_26.3.1975.pdf

• 2013https://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media_upgrade/Who_we_are/Mission/ISID‐Brochure‐LowRes1_EN.pdf

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SDGs—UNIDO has key role

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UNIDO’s Energy Programme: Providing Integrated Energy Solutions for ISID

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UNIDO Energy Portfolio

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2, Small hydropower Characters and Functions

• Definition : 10 MW and below in the majority , related to incentive policies for development

• Long historical application (over 100 years)• Mature technology• Relative low cost, and easy maintenance • Off‐grid, Mini‐grid for remote area• Environmental protection• Economic advantages • Adaption for climate change

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Functions for adaption of Climate Change• Clean energy, instead of fossil energy, and reduce CO2emission from fossil energy

• 1MW SHP can reduce 64,000t CO2 [4000 hours annually for 20 years, reduce 0.8t CO2/MWh]

• UNIDO, and other UN system• GEF

Developing countries, especially African Region, have huge demand and big potentials to develop SHP.

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UNIDO plays key role on SHP worldwide

• Networking for cooperation: ICSHP, RC in Nigeria; India; Tanzania, and RE&EE centers in different regions 

• World SHP Development Reports (2013, 2016, ……)• International SHP Standard (on pipeline)• Green Hydropower Development• Energy access: SHP pilot projects through GEF in many developing countries

• Promote south‐south cooperation• Productive use to support industrialization and PCP.• … …

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Shiwang’andu SHP station in Zambia• Shiwang’andu SHP station is a turn‐key project with capacity of 1MW, located in Muchinga Province, the northeast of Zambia, 800 km away from the capital city. 

• UNIDO, ZESCO and ICSHP worked closely. The construction period was about  one year and a half.

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• The small hydro power station was successfully installed in Nigeria’s Taraba State in March 2014 by UNIDO,UNHCR and ICSHP 

Tunga Dam SHP station in Nigeria

It has an operating capacity of 400kW and has been

supplying clean electricity to the tea factory and local

communities, benefiting 6 villages and about 3,000

people, including refugees

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3, Review of World SHP Development

First Version:        2013 Second Version:   2016Project interval:   3 years [updated regularly]Key agencies:    UNIDO, MWR, ICSHP and Co‐contributors (Worldwide)

Message from World Small Hydropower Development Report

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World Small Hydropower Development Report

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Initiated by UNIDO and ICSHP

• A clear picture on SHP status on country, region and worldwide• The report be used for decision makers, professionals, businessmen  • The information should be from ground, reliable and useful • Public awareness on renewable energy, especially SHP• Technology application and transfer • Capacity building to implement and to maintain• Pilot and scale up SHP projects, best practices• Mitigation poverty• Benefit for local people • Inclusive and sustainable industrial development

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Supported by MWR, Member countries … …

The report has been supported by China’s Ministry of Water Resources, International Organizations, Authors, Consultants and Volunteers

• UNIDO’s mandate on Renewable Development• ICSHP.’s mandate through Ministry of Water Resources’ support for responsibility worldwide 

• Developing countries have strong demand and cooperative on renewable energy development, including SHP

• Co‐contribution: supporting the report processing in different ways• Etc. 

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The World Small Hydropower Development Report 2016

Content highlights: 1. Installed & potential SHP 

capacity2. Renewable energy policies & 

legislations3. Barriers to developing SHP 4. Investment recommendations 

Compiled from 160 countries and 20 regions. Updated every three years by UNIDO and ICSHP.

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Global Overview

• SHP is 5th in development

• One of the most important renewable energy sources

• Represents:• 1.9% of the world’s total power capacity

• 7% of the world’s total renewable energy capacity 

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Installed Capacity Remaining Capacity

Global Overview

• Global installed SHP is estimated at 78GW in 2016

• Global potential SHP is estimated at 217GW in 2016

36%

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Distribution of SHP Development

Asia (65%) and Europe (23%) have dominant installation

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SHP Installed Capacity Distribution (in MW)

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Installed Capacity

Potential Capacity

4, Small Hydropower Development in Africa

580MW Installed Capacity

12,197MW Potential Capacity

4.8%

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Status of SHP

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Eastern Africa

Southern Africa Central Africa

Western Africa

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5, SHP Challenges in Africa

• Lack of meteorological, hydrological data collection• Lack of policy support, FITs, Incentives,regulatory framework etc• Lack of appropriate technical skills and indigenous technology• Limited finance for investing SHP/RE projects, business model• Governance problem and low efficiency  • Weak infrastructure and grid access

• Environmental concept• Social concept

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6, Opportunities in Africa

• Only 5% developped: big potential remaining in Eastern, Western and Middle Africa

• SDG 7: Ensuring access to affordable, reliable and modern energy for all  

• Third Industrial Development Decade for Africa (ADDI3)• Regional and National Strategy for RE/SHP development • Successful experiences worldwide• Potential fund needs good programme and projects: including grants, soft loans from IFIs, 

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What we need to do ?

• Public awareness• Capacity building for local professional, manufacturer etc.• Long term policies and regulatory for investment, including grants, soft loans from IFIs, Foreign Directive Investment 

• Business model, bankable projects, Public, Private Participation• FITs and Incentives to facilitate affordable interest rate• Infrastructure, rural electrification program to promote SHP• International Standard for SHP Development (UNIDO/ICSHP)

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Policies and regulatory functions (example)

• 51% of world’s total installed capacity is in China

• 29% of world’s total potential capacity is in China

51%

49% rest of the world

Long term incentive and updating policies played key roles for investment mobilization and development

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1, Development policyDeveloper ownership: self‐construction, self‐management and 

self‐owner

2, Investment policyMulti‐channel financing and electricity development policy

3, Tax policyLow VAT for SHP than other hydropower project

4, Loan policyPolicy‐based Loan and central government support

5, Grid connection, sales and power supply protectionSHP connected to the national gridThe tariff should follow the principles of repayment

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6, Participation policy (PPP)Local people are mobilized to participate in the SHP development

7, Energy compensation policyIncrease government financial support for SHP construction investment and subsidies. 

8, Renewable energy policyThe central government shall provide financial support for renewable energy projects in rural areas

9, Green development policy  Encourage green hydropower development

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Technical guideline / Standard is needed

• Some countries, e.g., Austria, Brazil, China, India, Japan and USA etc. have developed successful SHP technologies and further more established related guideline/standards for SHP. 

• International: only a few technical guidelines, standards and regulations involved with respect to small hydropower are available and some are included in relevant documents on energy, hydropower plant and power system. Most of the existing guidelines are used to deal with all sizes of hydropower, which are not suitable to SHP. 

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• Many developing countries, which possess suitable natural resources to develop SHP, have limited in‐house technical and managerial capacity, no technical guidelines and standard to build and operate SHP.

• It is thus important and urgent to develop international standards for SHP through the support from technical guidelines that meet the demand of most countries for SHP development and international cooperation, so as to promote and accelerate ISID and the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. 

Technical guideline /standard is needed

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Outline of technical guideline on SHP

• General technical guidelines, including 2 parts: terms and definition; quantities, units, symbols and codes.

• Planning and feasibility, including 11 parts: planning and site selection, hydrology, engineering geology, installation, engineering allocation, electro‐mechanics, construction, environmental and social evaluation, investment estimation, economic analysis, and reporting.

• Equipment, including 6 parts: turbine, generators, speed control system, excitation system, water inlet valves, and monitoring and protection systems.

• Construction, including 2 parts: construction technology; safety and security.• Operation and management, including 4 parts: personnel training and management; operation and maintenance of power stations; technical transformation; acceptance of works.

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• Global Network of Regional Sustainable Energy Centers (GN‐SEC)

• Demand‐orientation• COMESA• ECOWAS• SADC …… • Technology supporting 

• UNIDO

• ICSHP

• Regional Centers … …

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Summary 

• UNIDO energy’s portfolio includes SHP strategy • SHP is a practical and mature technology for developing countries 

• Big potentials, but also challenges for SHP in Africa• SHP opportunities need national efforts, regional and international cooperation

• UNIDO and its Network take leadership for SHP development worldwide

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Thanks for your attention