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Topic Name : Types of Hydraulics Structures

Presented By : Kamil Peerzada (150120119148) Gandhinagar Institute Of Technology

IntroductionA dam is a hydralic structure constructed across a river or a natural stream to store water on its up stream side.It is an imprevious or fairly impervious barrier put across a river or a natural stream to create a reservoir for impounding water.Also to diverse a water from river, or to retain debris flowing in the river alongwith water.So it is utilised for irrigation,water supply,power generation and etc.

Types of DamsGravity dam--------Storage damEarth dam----------Storage damRockfill dam-------Storage damWeir dam---------- Diversion damBarrage------------ Diversion damArch dam---------- Storage damButtress dam-------Storage dam

Gravity DamA gravity dam is solid masonary or concrete structure with its cross section approximately triangular in hape.It's required little maintance and is most commonly used.constructed either of masonary or concrete.Al the forces of dam including its self weight are transmitted to the foundation.Either straight or curved in plan.Various forces acting on gravity dam are water pressure, weight of dam, uplifft pressure, earthquake forces, silt pressure, wave pressure, ice pressure and wind pressure.The hightest dams in the world are of gravity type.

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Gravity dam

Rockfill DamA rockfill dam is an embankment which uses variable sizes of quarried stones(rocks) to provide stabililty.An impervious membrance to provide water tightness.With the help of transportation equipments, it is possible to build fairly high rock-fill dams.

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Rockfill Dam

Arch DamA dam which is constructed in the form of an arch supported on abutments is called the arch dam.It's having a curved shape plan.So it can stored more amount of water.It's having water pressure horizontally to the abutments by arch action.And water pressure is transferred to the foundation by cantilever action.The arch dam may be constructed in masonary or concrete.The arch dam is suitable for "V-shaped".

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Arch Dam

Buttress DamA butrress dam consists of a number of buttresses or piers dividing the space to be dammed into a number of spans.To stored the water between these buttresses, panels are constructed of horizontal arches or flat slabs.when the panels consit of arches,it is considered as multiple type of buttress dam.If the panels consist of flat slab, it is known as deck type buttress dam.The inclination of the deck slab is 30 -45.Road can be constructed on the top of the dam.

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Buttress Dam

WeirsA weir is a barrier across a river designed to alter its flow characteristics.A weir is a solid obstruction.Weir is placed in river to raise the water level and divert the water into the canal.Weirs help to pool the water behind, while allowing water to flow steadily over their tops.If a weir stores water for tiding over small periods of short supplies, it is called a storage weir.The main defference between a storage weir and a dam is only hieght and duration for which the supply is stored.Durring floods the shutters maybe dropped down to allow water to flow over the crest of the weir.It allter the flow of rivers to prevent flooding, measure discharge, and help render rivers navigable.

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Weirs

.Weirs are classified further in two parts,depend on the design of their floor.

(1) Gravity weirs(2) Non-gravity weirs

BarrageA bareage is a type of low-head, diversion dam which consists of a number of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water..It is useful for irrigation and other system.A barrage is built for diverting water, and raise the water level only a few feet.

.It is build on flat terrain across wide, often meandering rivers.Barrage crest is kept at low level and the rising up of water level by gates.During the fluids, the gates are raised to clear off the high flood level, enabling the high flood to pass down stream with minimum afflux.In this way floods are control in the river.

Check DamA check dam is a small dam, which can be either temporary or permanent, built across a minor channel, or drainage ditch.In this dam sediments and pollutants are settle down.It is build with logs, stones or sandhogs.

.It is also construcred with rockfill or wooden boards.Excess water is passed over the dam.The impounded water slowly infiltrates into the soil and recharges the ground water aquifer.

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