tula light potential fuel economy improvements · tula proactively manages the engine firing...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tula Technology’s
Dynamic Skip Fire
September 28, 2016
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
• What is Dynamic Skip Fire (DSFTM)?
• Development Results
• Tula – Delphi 4 Cylinder DSFTM Project
– Initial test results and projections
Agenda
2
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) Attributes
1. Decision to “Fire” or “Skip” is made before each cylinder event
• Allows the most immediate response to driver torque request
2. Enabled by individual cylinder deactivation
3. The resulting “firing density” varies between 0% and 100%, as opposed to switching between half and full engine
134213421342134213421342134213421342
152
Number
of Fires
267
Firing
Opportunities
Cylinders
per
Engine
4 2.28
“Effective
Cylinders”
57% “Firing Density”
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Skip Fire – Fuel Efficiency Benefit
How does DSF improve fuel efficiency?
1. Reduction of pumping losses
2. Higher thermodynamic efficiency
– Optimum combustion conditions even at low loads
– Low load IMEP COV improved
3. DCCO – shuts off all cylinders during deceleration
– Eliminates catalyst re-fueling penalty compared to fuel-only shutoff strategy
– Reduces pumping compared to conventional strategies, enabling longer events
4. Fast torque control
– Reduces or eliminates spark retard during trans shifts, etc
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. 5
Tula V8 Test Vehicle
• Designed a unique cylinder
deactivation system to allow control
of all valves and cylinders
• Created a complete control system
to operate in all-cylinder or DSF
mode
• Invented a controls-based NVH
management system
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Firing Density (%)
100 200 300 400 500 6000
50
100
Time (s)
100 200 300 400 500 6000
50
100
Time (s)
US06
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Firing Density (%)
200 400 6000
50
100
Time (s)
200 400 6000
50
100
Time (s)
US Highway
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
Firing Density (%)
% O
pera
tion
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000
50
100
Time (s)
MA
P (
kP
a)
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000
50
100
VS
S (
kph)
Time (s)
US Hot18 (City)
* Idle excluded – stop-start assumed
DSF Results – U.S. EPA Drive Cycles*
Tula 6.2L Yukon Denali17% FE Improvement 6.1% FE Improvement9.0% FE Improvement
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
Firing Density (%)
100 200 300 400 500 6000
50
100
Time (s)
100 200 300 400 500 6000
50
100
Time (s)
US06
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
Firing Density (%)
200 400 6000
50
100
Time (s)
200 400 6000
50
100
Time (s)
US Highway
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
Firing Density (%)
% O
pera
tion
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000
50
100
MA
P (
kP
a)
Time (s)
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000
50
100
VS
S (
kph)
Time (s)
US Hot18 (City)US City
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
Weighted Engine Out Emissions - Hot 18
Tula Yukon DSF 6.2L V8
THC CO NO_x0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Em
issio
ns (
g/k
m)
V8
Tula DSF
CO20
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Em
issio
ns (
g/k
m)
DSF produces carryover emissions
relative to base engine operation…
…while improving
CO2 by 17%
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Low frequencies and high peak amplitudes cause
unacceptable vibration
Frequency of excitation depends on engine speed
and sequence of fires/skips
Tula proactively manages the engine firing
sequence
Subjective and objective evaluations are used to
deliver production benchmark NVH
8
Tula’s NVH control approach
0.1 1 10 1000.01
0.1
1
10
frequency, Hz
Sensitiv
ity/G
ain
ISO 2601 Human Body Sensitivity
Wd - Fore-aft vibration
Wk - Vertical vibration
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example: Driver’s Seat VibrationV8 engine, 3rd gear, 25% pedal acceleration, in z direction
Production Calibration V8 mode
Production
CalibrationDSF
DSF proactively manages NVH at the source
Optimized DSF with transitionsW
kw
eig
hte
d v
ibra
tio
n
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Resonance Avoidance for Cabin BoomV8 engine, 3rd gear, 14% pedal, constant road speed, driver’s left ear
Optimized DSF pattern
DSF proactively avoids vehicle resonances
So
un
d P
res
su
re L
eve
l
Resonance avoidance off (FD = 50%) S
ou
nd
Pre
ss
ure
Le
ve
l
Production
Calibration
DSF
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tula & Delphi 4 Cylinder DSF Program
11
• Objective: Prove fuel economy benefits of DSF on smaller, boosted engines
• A collaborative effort with Delphi– VW Jetta 1.8L Turbocharged GDi engine
– Delphi EMS with integrated Tula DSF controls
– Delphi Cylinder Deactivation Hardware
EA888 - Generation 32015 Volkswagen Jetta SEL 1.8L TC
Specifications
Engine Displacement 1.8L TSI®
Test Weight Class 3625 lb.
(1644 kg)
Transmission 6 speed AT
Tiptronic
Tailpipe Emissions SULEV
Evaporative
Emissions
Zero Evap
Projected DSF Fuel
Economy
Improvement
8 - 10%
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. 12
DSF in action
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
10.9
6.8
9.1 8.8
7.7
10.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
FE G
ain
ove
r Tu
rbo
GD
iBas
elin
e (
%)
Drive Cycle
DSF Projected FE Gains for Various Drive Cycles
13
4-Cylinder DSF Fuel Economy Improvement
Projected with Optimized Passive NVH Mitigation HW
Fuel Economy improves substantially on all
drive cycles, while maintaining production NVH
17% improvement in FE at 2.5 bar BMEP
2000 RPM
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact of eDSF
Baseline: no electric motor eDSF electric mitigation, 0.7kW
• electric Dynamic Skip Fire couples DSF with vehicle
electrification
• DSF flyzone is enhanced with P0/1/2 electric machine
• Synergies between electrification and DSF improve projected
P0 system efficiency to 12% over baseline GTDI engine
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
1.8L 4-Cyl TGDI, 6AT, VVT, S/S
2-Mode +optimized passive HW, $180 , 5%
DSF + optimized passive HW, $360 , 9%
48V 12kW Hybrid + eboost, $1,000 , 11%
48V Hybrid + 2-Mode + optimized passive HW,
$1,180 , 16%
48V Hybrid + DSF + optimized passive HW,
$1,360 , 20%
48V eDSF + optimized passive HW, $1,390 , 23%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
$- $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 $1,400 $1,600
Fuel
Eco
no
my
Imp
rove
men
t (%
)
OEM On-Cost ($)
15
DSF 4 Cylinder Value Propositions
Hybridization
$100/%
$60/%
$40/%
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
• Significant fuel efficiency gains for spark ignited engines at a compelling
cost
• Production level NVH, drivability and emissions
• Excellent potential for future efficiency gains
– Electrification
– Advanced combustion concepts
• Tula welcomes evaluation of our Technology!
– Four-cylinder vehicle will be at the Aachen Colloquium on October 11th, 12th
– Evaluation will also be possible in Plymouth, MI and/or San Jose, CA
A simple, unique and game changing technology
© 2016 Tula Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
Contact
Tula Technology2460 Zanker RoadSan Jose, CA
Matthew [email protected]