tsunami india- animal nutrition overview

8/14/2019 Tsunami India- Animal Nutrition Overview

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IMPACT OF TSUNAMI ON ANIMALS IN INDIA:

TSUNAMI-Disaster Management

Programs for Livestock

DR. C. KATHIRVELAN And MAYANK TANDON

Animal Nutrition Division, National Dairy ResearchInstitute, Karnal, Haryana, INDIA.

email: [email protected],

[email protected]


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TSUNAMI Harbour wave

Tsunami are large waves that are generated when the

sea floor is deformed by seismic activity

Tsunami wave caused by

Coastal earthquakes

Under sea volcanic eruptions

Under sea landslides

Tsunami is not a single wave, It is series of waves.

Travel at a speed of more than 800Km/hr.

INTRODUCTION

Frontline,Jan,2005


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December 26 th ,2004 Tsunami

Epicenter - 280 km from northern sumathra

2100 km from Indian south coast line

Due to interface of the two tectonic plates

(The Indian plate and Burma plate)

Magnitude 8.9

30 feet height

Frontline,Jan,2005


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Countries affected

Indonesia

Thailand

Srilankha

India

Myanmar

Malaysia

Bangladesh

Somalia

In India

Andaman and

nicobar

TamilNadu

Pondicherry

Kerala

Andhra Pradesh


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World Tsunami occurrence

Nov 1,1755 - Europe

Aug 27, 1883 - Indonesian islands (Java-

Sumatra)

June 15,1896 - East coast of Japan

April 1,1946 - Hawaii

Nov 5,1952 - Russia

May 23,1960 - Hawaii

Aug 23, 1976 - Philippines

July 17, 1998 - Bismarck sea

India Today,Jan,2005


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In INDIA

Dec 31, 1881 - Car Nicobar islandJune 26,1941 - Andaman and Nicobar

From 1973-2001 7 under sea earthquakes

happened.But

No Tsunami

Dec 26,2004- Andaman and nicobar, Indian

South coast states

India Today,Jan,2005


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Number of missing or dead animals

26411086-Swine-308-Duck

2,30,0004163449656Poultry

52010Goat900045446133Sheep

14221561Buffalo

1230037228450Cattle

SriLankaThailandIndonesiaSpecies

Source:FAO


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Impact of Tsunami as a whole- In India

790 ha810 ha792 ha2,589 haCropped area hit

1955205065,477Animal lost

1,55711,83210,0611,12748Dwelling units affected

2.11lakhs24.7

lakhs

43,0006.91 lakhsPopulation affected

5m3m to 5

m

10 m7 m to 10 mAverage height of waves

500m to

2km

1-2 km300m to 3 km2 km to 3.5

km

Incursion of water into

land

985250 km25 km1000 KmLength of coast affected

Andhra

Pradesh

KeralaPondicherryTamilNaduParticulars

Source: Ministry of Home Affairs


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Andaman and Nicobar

Cattle -556

Sheep and goat - 4300

Dogs - 654

Poultry -1.3 lakhs

Pig -368



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In TamilNadu

Cattle - 1,021

Sheep and goat - 3234

Pigs - 720

Dogs - 600

Poultry -1.6lakhs


Source:TamilNadu animal Husbandry Dept.


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Impact of tsunami on animal production

ANIMALS

PLANTS (Feed resources)

SOILS


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Destruction of animals

Considerable destruction of animal building

Loss of stored animal feed resources

Disease out break;

Lack of feed

Movement of animals

Consumption of contaminated water

Stress conditions

Potenciate disease outbreak

ON ANIMALS


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Cont..

Especially Zoonatic diseases like;

SalmonellosisLeptospirosis

Anthrax, rabies

Crypto sporidiosis

Giardiosis

Animal health problem & under nutrition

Stress conditions

Decreased animal production


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Stored animal feed was soaked with sea water

Pastures and other fibrous feed not affected

severely when the sea water passed over them and

then quickly receded.

Long term damage : pastures and fodder crops have

been flooded for long periods with stagnant salt

water.

Coconuts destruction in coastal areas

Feed mill (fish meal processing unit) damage also

reported

ON PLANTS

(FEED RESOURCES)


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Especially in TamilNadu,

Crops affected are,

Majorly paddy,

Groundnut, Sesame, Black gram

Cont..

In, Andaman and Nicobar

Paddy and coconut plantation totally wiped out

Areca nut, palm plantation affected.


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ON SOILS (Agricultural fields)

Direct crop destruction by up rooting

Soil fertility losses when upper layer is washed away

Deposition of salt sediment

Soil infiltration

Soil erosion modifies the topography

Intensity of damage depends upon

The energy of the flood

The type of soil coverage and vegetation

Soil drainage capacity


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In Gist;

Impact of tsunami on animal production in terms

of,

Animal destruction

Feed resources loss

Soil fertility loss ( soil salinity)


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TSUNAMI-Disaster management /Restocking

programmes

Waste management

Animal health/Veterinary services

Vaccination

Poultry : Avian Influenza, New castle disease

Pigs : Swine fever,FMD, JE

Sheep and Goat : PPR and PasteurolosisCattle : PPR,HS,FMD and Anthrax

Supplementation of feed,water and shelter

Veterinary public health.

FOR ANIMALS


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For plants

Supplementation suitable seeds,

Evolving suitable crops

VTL-salt tolerant Varity of paddy

For pastures- Chenopodiaceae family


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For soils

1st priority: To ensure quick drainage of salt water

2nd priority : Restore physical integrity of the fields

Salt deposition

Upto 30-50 mm salt deposition reported.

-Removal of salt deposit, coarser elements

- leaching:

Through regular watering by rain fall or irrigation


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In gist;

Animal health programme

Provision of suitable seeds

to farmer

Desalination of soil


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Feeding strategies

1. Transportation of fodder

Main strategy in disaster (Tsunami)

management

Densification of fibrous feeds.

2. Complete feed block feeding

3. Exploiting new feed resources

Exploiting locally available unconventional fodder resources

Addition of molasses to improve the palatability

Mixing with routine feed


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4. Urea supplementation

Economic NPN compound

Mode of feeding urea:

Treatment of straws with urea

Addition to concentrate feed

Urea molasses mineral block

Urea liquid supplementation

5. Conservation of fodder

Green fodder conservation

Depending on facility.

Either as silage or hay


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TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM

In 1965- International Tsunami InformationCentre (ITIC).

Under water earth quakes are monitored

by sensors on the floor of the sea

The sensors pass on information tofloating buoys on the surface whenever

they detect any change in sea pressure

Information is then relayed to satellite

which pass it on to the earth stations.

Inform well in advance 3 to 14 hours.


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Impact of feeding salty feed and saline water on animal

production

Animal salt tolerance depend on ability of kidney to increaseglomerular filtration rate and decrease salt reabsorption rate.

Exert inhibitory effect on rumen microflora

Decreased milk production

Increased osmotic pressure

Alter thyroid hormone function

Decrease protein synthesis.


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In poultry: Detoriation of egg shell

quality

Symptoms of salt poisoning :

Excessive thirstMuscular weakness

Edema.

Cont..


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Environmentally sustainable management of thecoastal zone.

Strengthening if ecological foundations

Rehabilitation of mangrove forests

Erection of bio shields

Strategies for coastal eco security

(M.S. SwamiNathan)


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Bioshields consists of;

Planting appropriate mangrove species

Salt tolerant plants

Saliorine atriplex

Casuarina Sp.

Thespesia Sp.

And some species of Bamboo

(M.S. SwamiNathan)


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Local level plans to be drawn up for

evacuating animals at short notice at the time

of Tsunami alert

Fodder conservation

Animal health management.

CONCLUSION

tsunami india- animal nutrition overview

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