triloknath v state of jammu and kashmir

8/19/2019 Triloknath v State of Jammu and Kashmir

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Equivalent Citation: AIR1967SC1283, [1967(14)FLR282], (1967)IILLJ271SC,

[1967]2SCR265

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

Decided On: 15121966

A!!e""#n$%:Triloki Nath Tiku and Anr

!"

Re%!&nden$:State o# $a%%u & 'a"h%ir and Or"

Hon()le $ud*e"+Cora%:

' S# R#&, CJ, CA *#idi#"in+#, JC S-#-, S. Si/0i #nd * R##%#i, JJ

Su),e-t: Servi-e

Cat-h .ord"

Mentioned IN

A-t"+Rule"+Order":

C&n%$i$$i&n & Indi# A0$ic"e 15(4), C&n%$i$$i&n & Indi# A0$ic"e 16, C&n%$i$$i&n & Indi#

A0$ic"e 16(4), C&n%$i$$i&n & Indi# A0$ic"e 32

Ca"e" Re#erred:

.R #"#i #nd O0% % S$#$e & .%&0e .ASC;;8;1962< R C-i$0#"e/-# #nd An0 %

S$#$e & .%&0e #nd O0% .ASC;;3;1964

Citin* Re#eren-e:

http://fnopenjudges%28%2742095%27%29/http://fnopenjudges%28%2742117%27%29/http://fnopenjudges%28%2742091%27%29/http://fnopenjudges%28%2742091%27%29/http://fnopenjudges%28%2742114%27%29/http://fnopenjudges%28%2742118%27%29/http://fnopencatch%28%27manu/SC/0234/1966')http://fnmentionedin%28%27manu/SC/0234/1966');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0080/1962','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0030/1964','1');http://fnopenjudges%28%2742117%27%29/http://fnopenjudges%28%2742091%27%29/http://fnopenjudges%28%2742114%27%29/http://fnopenjudges%28%2742118%27%29/http://fnopencatch%28%27manu/SC/0234/1966')http://fnmentionedin%28%27manu/SC/0234/1966');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0080/1962','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0030/1964','1');http://fnopenjudges%28%2742095%27%29/


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Di%c%%ed

2

Ca"e Note:

Servi-e / re"ervation -riterion / Arti-le" 01 2345 065 06 234 and 78 o# Con"titution o# India

/ 9etition a*ain"t 9ro%otion *iven to other re"9ondent" and not to a99ellant" /

-ontended that 9ro%otion" %ade not on )a"i" o# %erit and "eniorit )ut 9urel on

*round" o# reli*ion5 -a"te and 9la-e o# )irth / State 9leaded that 9ro%otion" *iven on

)a"i" o# re"ervation" %ade in #avour o# )a-k;ard -la""e" to redu-e *raduall i%)alan-e

)et;een )a-k;ard -la""e" and 9ro*re""ive one" / althou*h #a-tual )a"i" #or 9ro%otion

to *ain* 9ro9ortion )et;een

-la""e" and other" in %atter o# 9ro%otion / Hi*h Court dire-ted to *ather ne-e""ar%aterial "u-h a" total 9o9ulation o# entire State5 )reaku9 #i*ure" o# t;o 9rovin-e"5

"tren*th o# di##erent -o%%unitie" and e>tent o# their "o-ial and e-ono%i- )a-k;ardne""

and -riteria a99lied ) State in that re*ard / 9artie" at li)ert to 9la-e ne-e""ar

%aterial oral or do-u%entar )e#ore Court

$UD=MENT

' Su))a Rao5 C$

1 =-i% !e$i$i&n nde0 A0$ic"e 32 & $-e C&n%$i$$i&n & Indi# -#% een i"ed $& $e#c-e0%

&0 $-e i%%e & #n #!!0&!0i#$e 0i$ $& >#%- $-e &0de0% & !0&&$i&n & 0e%!&nden$% 3 $& 83

#nd $& di0ec$ $-e S$#$e & J# #nd '#%-i0, $-e 1%$ 0e%!&nden$, #nd $-e Di0ec$&0 &

?dc#$i&n, J# #nd '#%-i0 S$#$e, S0in#+#0, $-e 2nd 0e%!&nden$, $& !0&&$e $-e $& $-e

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c#d0e & +#@e$$ed $e#c-e0% i$- 0e$0&%!ec$ie eec$

2 =-e #c$% #0e %i!"e =-e 1%$ !e$i$i&ne0 en$e0ed &e0nen$ %e0ice & $-e e0%$-i"e S$#$e

& J# #nd '#%-i0 &n .# 16, 1943, #% # $e#c-e0 in $-e &e0nen$ Sc-&&", =0e-+#Be i% #n .A, =, #nd i% #$ !0e%en$ &0/in+ #% # $e#c-e0 in $-e &e0nen$ Bi+-e0

Sec&nd#0 Sc-&&", S&!&0e =-e 2nd !e$i$i&ne0 #% "i/ei%e #!!&in$ed #% # $e#c-e0 &n

Fe0#0 26, 1952, in $-e &e0nen$ .idd"e Sc-&&", i+#, '#%-i0 Be i% # A, =,

#nd i% #$ !0e%en$ &0/in+ #% # $e#c-e0 in $-e &e0nen$ Bi+- Sc-&&", #$##""& In $-e e#0

1957, $-e 1%$ 0e%!&nden$ !0e!#0ed # %eni&0i$ "i%$ & $e#c-e0% & +0#de R% 8;82;; F0&

$ie $& $ie $-e 1%$ 0e%!&nden$ !0e!#0ed $-e %eni&0i$ "i%$% & $e#c-e0% & $-e %#id +0#de #nd

$-e "#%$ & $-e #% !0e!#0ed in 1961 =-e0ein $-e 1%$ e$i$i&ne0 #% +ien $-e %e0i#" & 1;4,

#nd $-e 2nd !e$i$i&ne0 #% +ien $-e %e0i#" & 14; -enee0 $-e0e e0e #c#ncie% in $-e

Bi+-e0 +0#de & R% 25;2535;?3;5;;, -ic- i% # +#@e$$ed c#d0e, $-e e0e i""ed

!0&&$i&n & $e#c-e0% in $-e "&e0 +0#de c&!0i%ed in $-e %#id %eni&0i$ "i%$ I$ i% #""e+ed $-#$

in !0&&$in+ $e#c-e0% $& $-e +#@e$$ed c#d0e, 0e%!&nden$% 1 #nd 2 #d&!$ed $-e &""&in+ #%i% :

(1) 5; !e0 cen$ & $-e +#@e$$ed !&%$% $& e i""ed !0&&$i&n #0e +ien $& .%"i%<

(2) #&$ 6; !e0 cen$ & $-e 0e#inin+ 5; !e0 cen$ & $-e !&%$% #0e i""ed J#i

Bind% (Bind% 0& J# 0&ince & $-e S$#$e #&0i$ & -& #0e D&+0#%)<

#nd

(3) $-e 0e#inin+ 4; !e0 cen$ & $-e 5; !e0 cen$ & $-e !&%$% #0e +ien $& '#%-i0i

#ndi$%< %&e $ie &ne &0 $& !&%$% #0e +ien $& Si/-% &$ & $0n

3 =& %$#$e i$ die0en$" &$ & ee0 1;; +#@e$$ed !&%$%, 5; en$ $& .%"i% & $-e en$i0e

S$#$e & J# #nd '#%-i0, 3; en$ $& Bind% 0& $-e !0&ince & J#, #nd 0e#inin+

2; en$ $& '#%-i0i #ndi$%, &$ & -ic- &ne &0 $& en$ $& Si/-% =-e %#id #%i% i% n&$

di%c"&%ed in #n &0de0 #de $-e S$#$e, $ i% #00ied #$ &n $-e &&$in+ & 0ec0i$en$%

!0&&$i&n #de $& $-e +#@e$$ed !&%$% & $e#c-e0% 0& $ie $& $ie I$ i% #"%& #e00ed $-#$

!0&&$i&n% #0e #de n&$ &n $-e #%i% & e0i$ #nd %eni&0i$, $ !0e" &n $-e +0&nd &

0e"i+i&n, c#%$e #nd !"#ce & i0$- I$ i% 0$-e0 #""e+ed $-#$ $-&+- $-e $& !e$i$i&ne0 #0e


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%eni&0% #% !e0 $-e #&0e%#id %eni&0i$ "i%$, $-e -#e een %! ded 0e%!&nden$% 3 $& 83 &n"

&n $-e +0&nd & $-#$ $-e !e$i$i&ne0% -#!!en $& e '#%-i0i #ndi$% #nd 0e%!&nden$% 3 $& 83

#0e ei$-e0 .%"i% &0 J# Bind%

4 In $-e c&n$e0#id#i$ $-e S$#$e d&e% n&$ den $-e #c$ $-#$ !0&&$i&n% $& +#@e$$ed !&%$%

#0e #de in $-e #nne0 indic#$ed $-e !e$i$i&ne0% $ %#% $-#$ 5; !e0 cen$ & $-e !&%$% e0e

i""ed .%"i & $-e en$i0e S$#$e & J# #nd '#%-i0 #nd 4; !e0 cen$ & $-e e0e

i""ed J# ci$i@en% I$ !0&ceed% $& %!!&0$ $-i% 0e%e0#$i&n &n $-e +0&nd $-#$ .%"i &

$-e en$i0e S$#$e #nd $-e Bind% & J# 0&ince c&n%$i$$ed E#c/#0d c"#%%e%E &0 $-e

!0!&%e & e!"&en$ #nd $-#$ i$ i% d&ne in &0de0 $& 0edce +0#d#"" $-e i#"#nce

e$een $-e #c/#0d c"#%%e% #nd $-e !0&+0e%%ie &ne%

5 I$ # e n&$iced #$ $-e &$%e$ $-#$ $-&+- $-e #c$#" #%i% &0 $-e !0&&$i&n% $& $-e

+#@e$$ed !&%$% i% #di$$ed, n& &0de0 #de $-e &e0nen$ i% !"#ced e&0e % ei$-e0

%!eciin+ $-e #c/#0d c"#%%e% &0 $-e c0i$e0i# &0 #c/#0dne%% &0 iin+ # !0&!&0$i&n

e$een #c/#0d c"#%%e% #nd &$-e0% in $-e #$$e0 & !0&&$i&n =-e0e i% #"%& n& #cce!$#"e

#$e0i#" 0& -ic- e c#n +#$-e0 $-e 0e"e#n$ #c$%, n#e", $-e "#$e%$ cen%% i+0e%

di%c"&%in+ $-e %$0en+$- & $-e !&!"#$i&n in $-e 0&ince% & J# #nd '#%-i0, $-e

!&!"#$i&n i+0e% & $-e #0i&% 0e"i+i&n% +0&!%, $-e 0e#/! i+0e% & $-e die0en$c&ni$ie% & $-e $& #&0 0e"i+i&n% +0&!%, $-e S$#$e & $-ei0 #c/#0dne%% %&ci#",

ec&n&ic #nd c"$0#" $-e c0i$e0i# #d&!$ed $-e S$#$e &0 #%ce0$#inin+ $-e #c/#0dne%% &

die0en$ +0&!% #nd &$-e0 0e"e#n$ #$e0i#" -#$ i% !"#ced e&0e % i% # +ene0#" #%%e0$i&n

n%!!&0$ed #n #cce!$#"e d#$#, $-#$ #"" $-e .%"i% & &$- $-e 0&ince% & $-e S$#$e

#0e #c/#0d #nd $-e #&0i$ & $-e Bind% & $-e J# 0&ince #nd "i/ei%e #c/#0d

D0in+ $-e c&0%e & $-e #0+en$, $& %$#$een$% %-&in+ $-e !&!"#$i&n i+0e%

c&ni$i%e (1961 cen%%) #nd $-e !&!"#$i&n i+0e% c&ni$i%e (1941 cen%%)

i$- "i$e0#c i+0e% #nd $-ei0 !e0cen$#+e #0e !"#ced e&0e % A!#0$ 0& $-e #c$ $-#$ $-e

!e$i$i&ne0% -#e n& &!!&0$ni$ $& $e%$ $-e c&00ec$ne%% & $-e i+0e%, $-e 1941 cen%% i+0e%

# n&$ #&0d #n &0/#"e +ide, #% # >#0$e0 & # cen$0 -#% !#%%ed %ince $-en #nd

$-e0e %$ -#e een 0e&"$i&n#0 c-#n+e% d0in+ $-i% !e0i&d


5/8

6 =-e "# &n $-e %ec$ i% e"" %e$$"ed =-e 0e"e#n$ !0&i%i&n & $-e C&n%$i$$i&n i%

A0$ic"e 16, -ic- 0e#d% :

E(1) =-e0e %-#"" e e>#"i$ & &!!&0$ni$ &0 #"" ci$i@en% in #$$e0% 0e"#$in+ $&e!"&en$ &0 #!!&in$en$ $& #n &ice nde0 $-e S$#$e

(2) & ci$i@en %-#"", &n +0&nd% &n" & 0e"i+i&n, 0#ce, c#%$e, %e, de%cen$, !"#ce &

i0$-, 0e%idence &0 #n & $-e ine"i+i"e &0, &0 di%c0iin#$ed #+#in%$ in 0e%!ec$ &,

#n e!"&en$ &0 &ice nde0 $-e S$#$e

(3) &$-in+ in $-i% #0$ic"e %-#"" !0een$ #0"i#en$ 0& #/in+ #n "# !0e%c0iin+,

in 0e+#0d $& # c"#%% &0 c"#%%e% & e!"&en$ &0 #!!&in$en$ $& #n &ice nde0 $-e&e0nen$ &, &0 #n "&c#" &0 &$-e0 #$-&0i$ i$-in, # S$#$e &0 ni&n $e00i$&0, #n

0e>i0een$ #% $& 0e%idence i$-in $-#$ S$#$e &0 ni&n $e00i$&0 !0i&0 $& %c-

e!"&en$ &0 #!!&in$en$

(4) &$-in+ in $-i% #0$ic"e %-#"" !0een$ $-e S$#$e 0& #/in+ #n !0&i%i&n &0 $-e

0e%e0#$i&n & #!!&in$en$% &0 !&%$% in #&0 & #n #c/#0d c"#%% & ci$i@en%

-ic-, in $-e &!ini&n & $-e S$#$e, i% n&$ #de>#$e" 0e!0e%en$ed in $-e %e0ice% nde0

$-e S$#$e

7 C"#%e% (1) #nd (2) & A0$ic"e 16 +#0#n$ee e>#"i$ & &!!&0$ni$ $& #"" ci$i@en% in #$$e0%

0e"#$in+ $& e!"&en$ &0 #!!&in$en$ $& #n &ice nde0 $-e S$#$e $ i $-e %#id c"#%e%

& $-e #0$ic"e #0e "i$e0#"" en&0ced, in%$e#d & +iin+ e>#"i$ & &!!&0$ni$ $& #"" ci$i@en%, i$

i"" "e#d $& +"#0in+ ine>#"i$ie% In # c&n$0 -e0e $-e0e #0e die0en$ %$0#$# & %&cie$

0#n+in+ 0& -i+-" %&!-i%$ic#$ed $& "&" #c/#0d, $-e c&nce!$ & e>#"i$ i"" d0ie $-e

"#$$e0 $& $-e #"" =-ei0 c&ndi$i&n &"d ec&e &0%e $-#n -#$ i$ i% S&, in &0de0 $& +ie #

0e#" &!!&0$ni$ $& $-e $& c&!e$e i$- $-e e$$e0 !"#ced !e&!"e, c"#%e% (3) #nd (4) #0e

in$0&dced in $-e #0$ic"e -i"e c"#%e (2) !0&-ii$% $-e !"#ce & i0$- &0 0e%idence #% $-e %&"e

c0i$e0i&n in $-e #$$e0 & e!"&en$, c"#%e (3) !e0i$% 0e%iden$i#" >#"iic#$i&n in $-e S$#$e

&0 ni&n $e00i$&0 -i"e c"#%e% (1) #nd (2) +#0#n$ee e>#" &!!&0$ni$ $& #"" ci$i@en%,

c"#%e (4) en#"e% $-e S$#$e $& #/e # !0&i%i&n &0 0e%e0#$i&n & #!!&in$en$% &0 !&%$% in

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#&0 & #n #c/#0d c"#%%e% & ci$i@en% =-e !0ed&in#n$ c&nce!$ nde0"in+ $-e

!0&i%i&n i% e>#"i$ & &!!&0$ni$ in $-e #$$e0 & e!"&en$< #nd, i$-&$ de$0ien$ $&

$-e %#id c&nce!$, $-e S$#$e i% en#"ed $& #/e 0e%e0#$i&n% in #&0 & #c/ #0ded c"#%%e%

$& +ie # !0#c$ic#" c&n$en$ $& $-e c&nce!$ & e>#"i$ I$ i% i!"ici$ in $-e #0$ic"e $-#$ $-e

d&c$0ine & e>#"i$ & &!!&0$ni$ %-#"" e 0ec&nci"ed i$- $-#$ & 0e%e0#$i&n in #&0 &

#c/#0d c"#%%e% in %c- # # $-#$ $-e "#$$e0 -i"e %e0in+ $-e c#%e & #c/#0d c"#%%e%

%-#"" n&$ n0e#%&n#" enc0c- !&n $-e ie"d & e>#"i$ I$ i% #"%& c"e#0 0& $-e !0&i%i&n%

$-#$ $-e !&e0 c&ne00ed !&n $-e S$#$e nde0 c"#%e (4) c#n &n" e ee0ci%ed in #&0 &

#c/#0d c"#%%e% & ci$i@en%< $-#$ i% $& %#, -e$-e0 # !#0$ic"#0 c"#%% & ci$i@en% #0e #c/#0d

i% #n &ec$ie #c$&0 $& e de$e0ined $-e S$#$e -i"e $-e S$#$e -#% nece%%#0i" $&

#%ce0$#in -e$-e0 # !#0$ic"#0 c"#%% & ci$i@en% #0e #c/#0d &0 n&$, -#in+ 0e+#0d $&#cce!$#"e c0i$e0i#, i$ i% n&$ $-e in#" &0d &n $-e >e%$i&n< i$ i% # %$ici#"e i%%e -i"e

&0din#0i" # C&0$ # #cce!$ $-e deci%i&n & $-e S$#$e in $-#$ 0e+#0d, i$ i% &!en $& e

c#n#%%ed i $-#$ deci%i&n i% #%ed &n i00e"e#n$ c&n%ide0#$i&n% =-e !&e0 nde0 c"#%e (4) i%

#"%& c&ndi$i&n#" $-e #c$ $-#$ in 0e+#0d $& #n #c/#0d c"#%%e% & ci$i@en% $-e0e i% n&

#de>#$e 0e!0e%en$#$i&n in $-e %e0ice% nde0 $-e S$#$e =-e &!ini&n & $-e S$#$e in $-i% 0e+#0d

# &0din#0i" e #cce!$ed #% in#", ece!$ -en i$ i% e%$#"i%-ed $-#$ $-e0e i% #n #%e &

!&e0 A #i0 0e#din+ & A0$ic"e 16, $-e0e&0e, di%c"&%e% $-e &""&in+ in+0edien$% &0 $-e

#!!"ic#i"i$ & $-e !0&i%i&n : (i) $-e0e %-#"" e e>#"i$ & &!!&0$ni$ &0 #"" ci$i@en% in $-e

#$$e0 & e!"&en$< (ii) $-e0e c#n e 0e%e0#$i&n% & #!!&in$en$% &0 !&%$% in #&0 &

#c/#0d c"#%%e%< #nd (iii) $-e #c/#0d c"#%%e% #0e n&$ #de>#$e" 0e!0e%en$ed in $-e

%e0ice% nde0 $-e S$#$e

8 Decided c#%e% -#e "#id d&n ce0$#in $e%$% &0 #%ce0$#inin+ -e$-e0 # !#0$ic"#0 c"#%% i% #

#c/#0d c"#%% &0 n&$ =-&+- $-e deci%i&n in . R #"#i S$#$e &

.%&0e .ASC;;8;1962 : [1963] S!! 1 SCR 439, $0ned !&n A0$ic"e 15(4) & $-e

C&n%$i$$i&n, $-e !0inci!"e% "#id d&n $-e0ein i"" e>#"" #!!" $& $-e #c$% & $-e !0e%en$

c#%e =-e0e $-i% C&0$ -e"d $-#$ #c/#0dne%% nde0 A0$ic"e 15(4) %$ e %&ci#" #nd !&"i$ic#"

#nd $-#$ %&ci#" #c/#0dne%% #% in $-e "$i#$e #n#"%i% $-e 0e%"$ & !&e0$ $& # e0 "#0+e

e$en$ In $-e c&n$e$ & #di%%i&n $& edc#$i&n#" in%$i$$i&n% $-i% C&0$ -e"d $-#$ %!e#/in+

+ene0#"" in # 0d # $-e !0&i%i&n &0 0e%e0#$i&n %-&"d e "e%% $-#n 5; !e0 cen$ #nd $-#$

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#c$#" !e0cen$#+e %-&"d de!end !&n $-e !0e#i"in+ ci0c%$#nce% in e#c- c#%e

9 =-e deci%i&n in R C-i$0#"e/-# S$#$e & .%&0e .ASC;;3;1964 : [1964]6SCR368

#"%& $0ned !&n $-e in$e0!0e$#$i&n & A0$ic"e 15(4) & $-e C&n%$i$$i&n In $-#$ c#%e $-e&e0nen$ & .%&0e "#id d&n $-#$ c"#%%iic#$i&n & %&ci#"" #nd edc#$i&n#"" #c/#0d

c"#%%e% %-&"d e #de &n $-e &""&in+ #%i% : (i) ec&n&ic c&ndi$i&n%, #nd (ii) &cc!#$i&n

$ $-e &0de0 & $-e &e0nen$ did n&$ $#/e in$& c&n%ide0#$i&n $-e c#%$e & $-e #!!"ic#n$ #%

&ne & $-e c0i$e0i# &0 #c/#0dne%% =-i% C&0$ !&in$ed &$ $-#$, $-&+- $-e c#%$e & # +0&!

& ci$i@en% i+-$ e # 0e"e#n$ ci0c%$#nce in #%ce0$#inin+ $-ei0 %&ci#" #c/#0dne%%, i$

c&"d n&$ e $-e %&"e &0 $-e d&in#n$ $e%$ in $-#$ e-#" =-i% C&0$ #cce!$ed $-e c0i$e0i#

#d&!$ed $-e .%&0e &e0nen$ &0 #%ce0$#inin+ $-e #c/#0dne%% & # c"#%% =-e

#0+en$ #d#nced &n e-#" & $-e S$#$e, n#e", $-#$ $-e die0ence in $-e !-0#%e&"&+ %ed

in A0$ic"e 15(4) #nd A0$ic"e 16(4), n#e", %&ci#"" #nd edc#$i&n#"" #c/#0d c"#%%e% in $-e

&0e0 #nd #c/#0d c"#%%e% in $-e "#$$e0, "e#d% $& $-e inei$#"e c&nc"%i&n $-#$ E#c/#0d

c"#%%e%E & ci$i@en% in A0$ic"e 16(4) #0e &n" %c- c"#%%e% & ci$i@en% -& #0e n&$ #de>#$e"

0e!0e%en$ed in $-e %e0ice% & $-e S$#$e d&e% n&$ #!!e#" $& % =-e %&"e $e%$ & #c/#0dne%%

nde0 A0$ic"e 16(4), $-e #0+en$ !0&ceed%, i% $-e in#de>#c & 0e!0e%en$#$i&n in $-e

%e0ice% nde0 $-e S$#$e< $-#$ i% $& %#, -&ee0 #d#nced # !#0$ic"#0 c"#%% & ci$i@en%,

%&ci#"" #nd edc#$i&n#"", # e, i $-#$ c"#%% i% n&$ #de>#$e" 0e!0e%en$ed in $-e %e0ice%

nde0 $-e S$#$e, i$ i% # #c/#0d c"#%% =-i% c&n$en$i&n, i #cce!$ed, &"d ec"de $-e 0e#""

#c/#0d c"#%%e% 0& $-e enei$ & $-e !0&i%i&n #nd c&ne0 $-e enei$ &n" &n # c"#%% &

ci$i@en% -&, $-&+- 0ic- #nd c"$0ed, -#e $#/en $& &$-e0 #&c#$i&n% & "ie I$ i%, $-e0e&0e,

nece%%#0 $& %#$i% $& c&ndi$i&n% $& #$$0#c$ c"#%e (4) & A0$ic"e 16, n#e", (i) # c"#%% &

ci$i@en% i% #c/#0d, ie, %&ci#"" #nd edc#$i&n#"", in $-e %en%e e!"#ined in #"#iG%

c#%e .ASC;;8;1962 : [1963] S!! 1 SCR 439< #nd (ii) $-e %#id c"#%% i% n&$

#de>#$e" 0e!0e%en$ed in $-e %e0ice% nde0 $-e S$#$e

1; =-e >e%$i&n, $-e0e&0e, i% -e$-e0 .&-#ed#n% & $-e en$i0e S$#$e & J# #nd

'#%-i0 #nd $-e Bind% & $-e J# 0&ince #0e #c/#0d in $-e %en%e e!"#ined #&e

#nd #"%& -e$-e0 $-e #0e n&$ #de>#$e" 0e!0e%en$ed in $-e %e0ice% & $-e S$#$e Sec&nd", i

$-e #0e #c/#0d, -e$-e0 $-e !e0cen$#+e% & 0e%e0#$i&n% !0&ided &0 $-e in $-e +#@e$$ed

http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0030/1964','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16911','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16911','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16911','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16912','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16912','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16912','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16912','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16912','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0080/1962','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0030/1964','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16911','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16911','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16912','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16912','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16912','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','16912','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/citation/crosscitations.asp','MANU/SC/0080/1962','1');


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c#d0e & $e#c-e0% #0e 0e#%&n#"e, -#in+ 0e+#0d $& $-e e!"&en$ &!!&0$ni$ie% in $-#$ c#d0e

& %e0ice $& $-e +ene0#" !"ic e ind i$ e0 diic"$ $& c&e $& &ne c&nc"%i&n &0 &$-e0

&n $-e #$e0i#" !"#ced e&0e % I$ i%, $-e0e&0e, nece%%#0 $& c#"" &0 # 0e!&0$ e&0e e c#n

in#"" di%!&%e & $-e 0i$ !e$i$i&n e di0ec$ $-e Bi+- C&0$ & J# #nd '#%-i0 ei$-e0

di0ec$" &0 $-0&+- # Di%$0ic$ C&0$ $& +#$-e0 $-e nece%%#0 #$e0i#", %c- #%, $-e $&$#"

!&!"#$i&n & $-e en$i0e S$#$e, $-e 0e#/! i+0e% & $-e $& !0&ince%, $-e %$0en+$- &

die0en$ c&ni$ie% #nd $-e e$en$ & $-ei0 %&ci#" #nd ec&n&ic #c/#0dne%% #nd $-e

c0i$e0i# #!!"ied $-e S$#$e in $-#$ 0e+#0d =-e Bi+- C&0$ i% di0ec$ed $& %i$ $-e 0e!&0$

i$-in $& &n$-% 0& $-e d#$e & 0ecei!$ & $-e 0ec&0d =-e !#0$ie% i"" -#e "ie0$ $&

!"#ce nece%%#0 #$e0i#", &0#" #nd d&cen$#0, e&0e $-e Bi+- C&0$ &0 $-e Di%$0ic$ C&0$,

#% $-e c#%e # e C&%$% i"" #ide $-e 0e%"$

11 Re!&0$ c#""ed &0

triloknath v state of jammu and kashmir

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