transportation and industry revolution factories roads railroads canals steamboats
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Transportation and Industry Transportation and Industry RevolutionRevolution
FactoriesFactoriesRoadsRoads
RailroadsRailroadsCanalsCanals
SteamboatsSteamboats
SteamboatsSteamboatsTransporting by the
river was faster and cheaper but boats could only travel downstream because of their heavy cargo
The steamboat was able to travel upstream
First steam boat (Clermont) was invented by Robert Fulton
CanalsCanalsLink farms to
citiesErie Canal connected Northeast to West◦Expense goes
from $100 to $4◦Made NYC a
commercial center
Railroads (“Iron Horses”)Railroads (“Iron Horses”)Idea brought back by Peter Cooper from Britain
Helped settle the West
Pulled heavier loads than horses
11stst Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution
Technological developments changed manufacturing , culture, social life and politics
Manufacturing shifted from hand tools to complex machines, unskilled labor
Work is done in factories not the home
Created a middle class…this is good
Samuel SlaterSamuel SlaterBritain had strict laws
prohibiting anyone from sharing their inventions with foreigners
But in 1789, Samuel Slater came to America and constructed the British water frame from memory
Used the water to power the textile mill
Factories must be near water (Northeast region)
Francis LowellFrancis LowellOpened mills in Massachusetts where he
introduced mass production of cotton cloth after touring Britain, not just making the thread
Built residences for workers in Lowell, MA, strict rules for behavior
Employed women (“Lowell girls”) until they got married
Interchangeable partsInterchangeable partsInvented by Eli WhitneyTransformed gun making
from a one-by-one process into a factory process by making all parts of one product the same
This process will be used on other technologies to turn out large quantities◦ Sewing machines invented
by Elias Howe and perfected by Isaac Singer
Samuel F.B. MorseSamuel F.B. MorseInvented the
telegraphDeveloped the
Morse code for sending messages (dots and dashes)
Before messages would take as long as a horse took
Now messages were almost instant
ImmigrationImmigrationIndustrialization drew millions of
immigrants (Ireland and Germany) to cities in search of factory jobs◦Disliked by Americans because they were
not Protestant and were prosperous Nativism: favoring native born Americans
over immigrants
FarmingFarmingStill dominated the
American economySouth relies on
slave labor for cotton production (Cotton Kingdom)
Steel plow by John Deere
Mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick◦Cut and gather
grain
LET’S REVIEW!LET’S REVIEW!1. Which of the following is
NOT true about the Industrial Revolution?
A. machines replaced hand tools
B. employed highly skilled workers
C. work was done in factories not homes
2. How did transportation improvements contribute to the growth of American cities?
A. Workers could travel easily from rural homes to urban jobs
B. New inventions aided industrialization
C. Cities along canals and railroads became business and shipping centers
3. Why did towns and cities grow larger?
A. People went to cities to watch movies
B. All airports were located in cities
C. Most factories were located in cities
4. Why do factory owners hire immigrants?
A. They were bilingual
B. They were willing to work long hours for low wages
C. They were especially skilled in making textiles