A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

TRAIN LIGHTING SYSTEM

BYSD.AKHIL(14735A0217)

INTRODUCTION•  TRAIN LIGHTING IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT PASSENGER AMENITIES WHICH

INFLUENCE THE IMAGE OF RAILWAYS.  ALTHOUGH FIRST TRAIN RAN ON 16TH APRIL 1853, TRAIN LIGHTING SYSTEM CAME TO INDIAN RAILWAY IN 1930 THROUGH AXLE DRIVEN DYNAMO PIONEERED BY MS J. STONES & CO.

• POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR TRAINS ARE DESIGNED AND DEVELOPED TO SUIT THE REQUIREMENT OF AC AND NON-AC WORKING IN THE TRAINS. 

CONTENTS • LAYOUT OF TRAIN LIGHTING SYSTEM

• OPERATION

• CARRIAGE LIGHTING

• ADVANTAGES

• DIS-ADVANTAGES

LAYOUT OF TRAIN LIGHTING SYSTEM

• AXLE DRIVEN SYSTEM

• MID-ON-GENERATION

• END-ON-GENERATION

• ALTERNATORS USED IN COACHES

• BATTERIES USED IN TRAIN COACHES

OPERATION

1.AXLE DRIVEN SYSTEM IN THIS SYSTEM 4.5 KW BRUSHLESS ALTERNATORS ARE

DRIVEN THROUGH V-BELTS FROM AXLE. LEAD ACID BATTERIES 11O V, 120 AH ARRANGED FROM 3 CELL

MONO BLOCK UNITS. FOUR NUMBERS OF EMERGENCY FEED TERMINALS BOXES FOR

B.G. AND ONE NUMBER FOR M.G. COACH ARE PROVIDED ON EACH END WALL FOR INTERCONNECTING THE COACH TO ADJACENT COACH TO RECEIVE POWER, IN THE CASE GENERATION FAILS.

FOR BG AC COACHES, 18 KW / 25 KW BRUSHLESS ALTERNATORS ARE USED.

TWO SUCH ALTERNATORS ARE USED IN AC-2T /AC-3T /CHAIR CARS AND ONLY AN ALTERNATOR IS USED IN FIRST AC COACH.

BATTERIES OF 800 / 11 00 AH CAPACITY AT 10 HR RATING ARE USED IN I AC / AC-2T / AC-3T /CHAIR CAR OF B.G. COACHES.

BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AXLE DRIVEN SYSTEM

2.MID-ON-GENERATION

IN THIS SYSTEM A POWER CAR HOUSING DG SETS IS USED IN MIDDLE OF RAKE.

IT IS CHOSEN FOR SMALL BRANCH LINE SLOW TRAINS HAVING LONG HALTS WHERE BATTERIES ARE LIKELY TO REMAIN UNDERCHARGED IF CONVENTIONAL AXLE DRIVEN SYSTEM IS ADOPTED.

CAPACITY OF DG SET WILL DEPEND ON COMPOSITION OF RAKE (USUALLY 30 KVA) AND GENERATION IS AT 415 V, 3 PHASE, 50 CYCLE AND IS STEPPED DOWN TO 110 V, 3 PHASE, 50 CYCLES.

3. END-ON-GENERATION

RAKES OF RAJDHANI / SHATABDI EXPRESS TRAINS HAVING HEAVY LOAD OF AIR-CONDITIONED COACHES, PANTRY CARS WITH ELECTRICALLY OPERATED COOKING APPLIANCES, USE DIESEL GENERATING SETS HOUSED IN COACHES KNOWN AS POWER CARS TO MEET THE LOAD.

NORMALLY 2 POWER CARS, ONE ON EITHER SIDE OF RAKE, GENERATE POWER AT 750 V AC OR 415 V AC, 3 PHASE, 50 CYCLES.

ALL THE COACHES OF POWER CARS ARE INTERCONNECTED WITH EACH OTHER THROUGH COUPLERS CONSISTING OF SWITCHGEAR FLEXIBLE CABLES.

ALTERNATORS USED IN COACHES

(1) 4.5 KW, 120V BG NON-AC COACHES (2) 3.0 KW, 120 V FOR MG NON-AC

COACHES (3) 12.0 KW, 120 V FOR MG AC

COACHES / JAN SHATABDI NON AC COACHE

(4) 18.0 KW, 130 V FOR BG AC COACHES (OLD)

(5) 25 KW,130V, ALTERNATOR FOR BG AC COACHES (NEW)

APPROVED MANUFACTURERS FOR THE ALTERNATORS ARE:

 KEL (KERALA ELECTRICAL & ALLIED ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES

BEACON ( BEST & CROMPTON)

 SIL ( STONE INDIA LIMITED)

HMTD ENGINEERING 

CGL (CROMPTON GREAVES LIMITED)

SOME NEW MAKES ARE ALSO COMING UP LIKE PIPL, STESALITE, IEC ETC

BATTERIES USED IN TRAIN COACHES

CONVENTIONAL LEAD ACID CELLS .

VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID(VRLA) BATTERIES / SMF BATTERIES.

CHARGING OF BATTERIES

INITIAL FILLING:- REMOVE THE VENT / FILLER PLUGS AND FILL THE CELLS, WITH THE PREVIOUSLY

PREPARED AND COOLED ELECTROLYTE, TILL THE LOWER MARKING ON THE FLOAT INDICATOR STEM JUST APPEARS ABOVE THE FLOAT PLUG.  

THE APPROXIMATE QUANTITY AND GRAVITY OF THE ELECTROLYTE FOR INITIAL FILLINGS ARE GIVEN IN THE REFERENCE TABLE.

AFTER FILLING, ALLOW THE CELLS TO REST FOR A PERIOD OF AROUND 16 - 24 HOURS.  DURING THE REST PERIOD THERE WILL BE SOME FALL IN THE LEVEL OF ELECTROLYTE.

RESTORE THIS WITH SOME MORE ELECTROLYTE, BEFORE PUTTING THE CELLS ON FIRST CHARGE.

NOW THE CELLS ARE READY FOR FIRST CHARGE.

CARRIAGE OF LIGHTINGClass of coach MinimumLux lamp wattage Recommended fitting

First class 60 2 x 20 w Transparent Acrylic cover.

Sleeper, First class corridor & toilet , guard van

30 1 x 20 w Transparent Acrylic cover.

2 nd class Jan Shatabdi C/C 40 2 x 20 w Transparent Acrylic cover.

General 30 1 x 20 w Without Acrylic cover only XPM net

2 nd class chair car , 30 1 x 20 w Without Acrylic cover only XPM net

1 st AC 40 2 x 20 w Translucent Acrylic cover (OPAL-040 grade, diffusion factor 87%, Reflection factor 41%, transmittent factor 55%)

AC chair car 40 2 x 20 w -- do --

2 nd AC/ 3 rd AC 40 2 x 20 w Transparent Acrylic cover.

Postal van 40 1 x 20 w Transparent Acrylic cover.

Pantry car 30 1 x 20 w Transparent Acrylic cover.

Luggage Van 30 1 x 20 w Transparent Acrylic cover with XPM net (Sunk type).

ADVANTAGES 1. AXLE DRIVEN SYSTEM AS EACH COACH HAS BATTERY, SO NO ADDITIONAL SOURCE IS REQUIRED.

THE PROBLEM/DEFECT IN ANY PARTICULAR COACH DO NOT AFFECT THE OTHERS.

SYSTEM CAN BE DESIGNED TO SUIT FOR ITS SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT.

2. MID-ON GENERATION THE SYSTEM WAS MOST SUITABLE FOR SLOW MOVING BRANCH LINE PASSENGER TRAINS.  LIGHT AND

FAN OF ALL THE COACHES HAD CENTRALIZED CONTROL IN POWER CAR COACH.  FAN AND LIGHTS WERE WORKING ON AC SUPPLY.  THERE WAS NO NEED FOR STAND BY BATTERIES IN THE COACHES.

3.END-ON-GENERATION• THE SYSTEM DOES NOT REQUIRE USE OF BULKY BATTERIES AND ALTERNATORS IN INDIVIDUAL

COACHES.

• THE SYSTEM HAS HIGHER RELIABILITY DUE TO STANDBY DA SETS AND REDUCED NUMBER OF EQUIPMENTS

DIS ADVANTAGES

1. AXLE DRIVEN SYSTEM

THERE IS NO STANDBY SOURCE FOR ALTERNATOR AND BATTERIES, SO SYSTEM BECAME POOR RELIABILITY.

THE SYSTEM REQUIRES THE EXTENSIVE MAINTENANCE OF ALTERNATOR, BATTERIES, BELTS, TENSIONING DEVICE ETC.

2. MID-ON GENERATION

THERE WAS NOISE AND SMOKE; POLLUTION DUE TO DA SET WORKING.

THE OPERATOR WAS REQUIRED IN POWER CAR COACH

33.END-ON-GENERATION THE COST OF ENERGY IS HIGH DUE TO FUEL COST.

EVEN WITH 750V, 3 PHASE , THERE IS STILL AN EFFECT OF VOLTAGE DROP AT FARTHEST END OF THE TRAIN.

NOISE AND SMOKE POLLUTION IS GENERATED FROM POWER CARS

THANK YOU