traditional water systems of saudi arabia: jeddah as an example
TRANSCRIPT
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Traditional Water Systems of Saudi Arabia: Jeddah as an Example
Prof. Hisham MortadaDept. of ArchitectureKing Abdul Aziz Univeristy, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Latina, Italy18 June, 2016
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Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia
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• Eastern Province
Regions
• Read Sea Coast & Tihama Plain
• Najd
• South-western Heights & Najran
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1. Najd
Dari’ah
Riyadh
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Environmental Conditions
Temperature
Rainfall
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Dari’ah
Integrated Compact Urban Form
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Building Materials
Dari’ah
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Dari’ah
Inwardness
courtyard
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Dari’ah
Nasir Palace
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QatifHafouf
2. Eastern Province (Hassa)
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Eastern Province (Hassa)
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Qatif
Qatif, 1955
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Qatif
Urban Fabric
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Hafouf
City Urban Form & Wall
Kut
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3. South-Western Highlands & Najran
Albaha
Asir
Najran
Jazan
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Al-Baha
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Asir
Topography
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Asir
Topography
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Asir
Stone Buildings Mud Buildings
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Asir
Stone village Mud village
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Asir
Stone Buildings
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Asir
Color for Distinction
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Asir
Color for Distinction
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Asir
Color for Distinction
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Asir
Color for Distinction
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Asir
Color for Distinction
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Jazan
Osha buildings: Gizan city
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Najran
Dwelling Height
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Najran
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4. Read Sea Coast & Tihama Plain
MedinaMecca
Al-’Ula
Taif
Inland Cities:
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Mecca
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Traditional Architecture of Mecca
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Traditional Architecture of Mecca
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Medina
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Medina
Houses
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Al-‘Ula
Urban Fabric
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Al-‘Ula
Urban Fabric
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4. Read Sea Coast & Tihama Plain
JeddahYanbu
DubaAl-Wajh
Umluj
• Costal Cities:
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Yanbu
Building Materials: limestone, coral reef and wood
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Umluj
Simple low rise buildings
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Duba
Coral reef Dwellings
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Al-Wajh
Façades and Materials
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Jeddah
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Jeddah: Architectural Diversity Throughout Time
In 1183, Ibn Jubair: Jeddah is a small fishermen village by the Red Sea. Most of its houses are huts of palm tree leafs.
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In 1503 (Mamluki era), Ludovico di Varthema, described houses of Jeddah as beautiful.
Jeddah: Architectural Diversity Throughout Time
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1940s, City Wall
Jeddah: Architectural Diversity Throughout Time
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City Gates: Mecca Gate, 1930
Jeddah
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Architectural Diversity Throughout Time
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Urban Fabric
Jeddah
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Urban Fabric
Jeddah
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Dwellings
Jeddah
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Coral Reefs
Jeddah
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Woodwork: Rowshans & Mashrabias
Jeddah
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Woodwork: Rowshans & Mashrabias
Jeddah
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The Cube
Design Determination Factors
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Openings for natural light and ventilation
Design Determination Factors
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Orientation
Design Determination Factors
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Blocking for privacy
Design Determination Factors
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The Result: Climatic (ventilation + lighting) + Social (privacy) factors
Design Determination Factors
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Spatial Distribution and Use
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Spatial Distribution and Use
Space daily use pattern
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Architectural Elements• Rowshan: It is a 60-90 cm projected wooden skeleton covered with decorative
wooden panels and screens. It covers the entire elevation of the upper floors.
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Architectural Elements• Rowshan, Functions:
a. Maintenance of the privacy of indoor spaces
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Water System: City Scale
Two Major Bazans/Water Springs
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Water System: City Scale
Ein Yousor (Yousor Spring)
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Water System: City Scale
Ein Yousor (Yousor Spring) (2009, HarvestingRainwater.com)
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Water System: City Scale
Carrying Water from Bazan: Donky Method
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Water System: City Scale
Carrying Water from Bazan: Donky Method
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Carrying Water from Bazan: Donky Method
Water System: City Scale
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Carrying Water from Bazan: Saqa Method
Water System: City Scale
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Carrying Water from Bazan: Saqa Method
Water System: City Scale
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Water System: City Scale
Carrying Water from Bazan: Saqa Method
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Water Sources:Rain water from roofsSprings (2, north and south districts, Yosor Spring) directly to housesBazan (carried by water carriers Saga or donkeys)
Water System: Building Scale
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Water System: Building Scale
Domestic Cistern
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Water System: Building Scale
Wall Water Tanks
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Water System: Building Scale
Zeer
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Water System: Building Scale
Sherab
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