tools of a biologist. microscopes micro=scope= – small-to view a microscope is an instrument used...
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Tools of a Biologist
Microscopes• Micro= Scope=– Small -to view
A microscope is an instrument used to view very small objects.
In biology it is used to view living….cells and unicellular organisms.
Compound Light MicroscopeEyepiece / Ocular lens
X10Nose
Arm
Course Adjustment knob:
Moves stage up and down
Stage and Stage clips
Fine adjustment knob:
Fine focuses the image for your eyes
Revolving lenses
Low power objective lens.
Shortest lensRed in colorX4
Medium power objective lens
Medium in lengthYellow in colorX 10
High power objective
Longest in lengthBlue in colorx40
Light source
Base
Diaphragm: regulates the amount of light that passes through the stage
There are 3 types of microscopes are used in biology:
1. Compound light microscope-Compound-
look through 2 lenses at the same time in order to properly magnify the organism.
Total magnification:
low power:ocular lens x10low objective x4
-------------- x40
medium power:ocular lens x10
med objective x10-------------- x100
high power:ocular lens x10
high objective x40-------------- x400
Compound light microscope:
-light -light must pass through the diaphragm and through the
object.
-object must be “thin” or transparent so the light can
pass through it.
StainingIs a method of adding color to a cell so that the cell and its structures can be seen more clearly through a microscope.
Limit of ResolutionThe limit of resolution is the point at which you see an item most clearly.
Any magnification above or below that point will results in the object looking blurry.
Type 2: Stereoscope-Used to view the surface of objects which are too large for light to pass through them.
-Uses to lights to illuminate the surface of the object.
-Stereo means “3 dimensional”
-Provides a 3-D detailed look at the surface of an object.
-look through2 ocular lenses
-magnifies between x10 to x60
Type 3: Electron Microscopes Uses electrons to form an image and NOT lightHas a very high limit of resolution.
-can see items very clearly at any magnification-can magnify up to 500,000x and still be clear
Object is placed in a vacuumNo airNo oxygenOrganism is DEAD
• Produces a 2-D, black and white image of inside of a cell.
Two types of electron microscopes:
1. T.E.M. ~ Transmission Electron Microscope
2. S.E.M. ~ Scanning Electron MicroscopeProduces a 3-D, black and white image of the surface of an object.
Additional tools of a biologist:
• Chromatography:Tool used to separate the components of a mixture by their different densities.