AP World History

Japan Background

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://jspivey.wikispaces.com/file/view/sengoku_daimyo_tohoku_sm.gif&imgrefurl=https://jspivey.wikispaces.com/Michelle%2BC.,%2BSoo%2BYoung%2Band%2BYena&usg=__XRtgv8R49EEHmB7spIAG0IDt8c0=&h=836&w=800&sz=322&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=yjth3qJQxsHOdM:&tbnh=144&tbnw=138&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDaimyo%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dstrict%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&safe=strict

Logo of the Shoguns

By end of 1400s, centralized government (Shogunate) was falling apart.

Fighting between Daimyo (heads of noble families)

Different DiamyoCourtesy of www.saruDama.com

Japanese Unification

Unification began late 16th century (1500s)

Three political figures:Oda NabunagaToyotomi HideyoshiTokugawa Ieyasu

Oda Nobunaga Captures the royal

capital, Kyoto Centralized power

in surrounding area

Image courtesy of Jpellegn on flickr

Toyotomi Hideyoshi Farmer turned

military commander Takes control and

moves capital to Osaka

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_on_his_horse.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_on_his_horse.jpg&usg=__cxRJjbxybqWLpB3s-bAzG2s2_Vs=&h=468&w=468&sz=83&hl=en&start=20&um=1&tbnid=2NoWdarkRyYifM:&tbnh=128&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtoyotomi%2Bhideyoshi%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dstrict%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&safe=strict

Image courtesy of http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/asia/japan/

Tokugawa Ieyasu Daimyo of Edo

(Modern Tokyo) Took control of Japan

after Toyotomi’s death Restores centralized

power Moves capital to Edo “Great Peace”

http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_121637196/Japan_Under_Tokugawa_Rule.html

Europeans come to Japan First Portuguese

tradersWelcomed, traded

openlyWeapons, tobacco,

clocks and glasses from Europe

http://rezanov.krasu.ru/eng/epoch/img/japan4l.jpg

Europeans get kicked out

http://www.artsales.com/ARTistory/Xavier/Xavier_1.html

16th Century Japanese Nanban screen showing the arrival of Jesuits in Japan Circa 1549

Next Jesuit Missionaries At first converted many

Daimyo But, Jesuits destroyed

shrines resulting in Hideyoshi prohibiting Christian activities in his land

Missionaries expelled Traders also removed

○ Only 1 Dutch group remained w/ restrictions

http://web000.greece.k12.ny.us/SocialStudiesResources/Social_Studies_Resources/GHG_Documents/Tokugawa%20Laws%20of%20Japan%20Passage%2001.02.jpg

Tokugawa Rule

http://roninsushiandbar.com/history.aspx

Wanted to control the feudal system in Japan

Land was divided into hans (domains), which were ruled by daimyo

Could be independent, but shogunate ruled by hostage system

Hostage system

http://www.nakasendoway.com/images/2-9-1.jpg

Each daimyo has 2 houses.

1 in Edo; 1 on their han When daimyo isn’t in

Edo, his family must stay there (like hostages) so the daimyo don’t rebel

Economic Changes

http://w00.middlebury.edu/ID085A/Edo/index2.html Coins from the Edo period

Trade and Industry grew Cities grew

Edo +1 Million pop. Banking grew, paper

money became the standard

Merchant class grew Taxes increased

Peasants suffered, some revolted

Social Changes

http://www.flickr.com/photos/24443965@N08/2862111344/ Eta skinning deer

Strict class distinctions Emperor and imperial court Warriors Peasants/farmers Artisans Merchants Eta (outcasts)

Laws separating them No intermarriage

Role of women

http://www.flickr.com/photos/24443965@N08/3492944934/in/set-72157617576425408/

Restricted, especially in warrior class Influenced by Confucianism

Rules: Parents determined

marriage Men could divorce women

who don’t fulfill their duties. Men controlled property. Were valued as mothers

Cultural Changes

http://www.big.or.jp/~loupe/links/ehisto/ebasho.shtml

Literature Popular in cities Lighthearted, for fun

Ihara Saikaku “Five Women who Loved

Love”

Poetry More serious Haiku (5,7,5; about nature)

○ Ex. Matsuo Basho

From all directionsWinds bring petals of

cherryInto the grebe lake.

Theater

http://www.traveltokyo.info/kabuki1.jpg

Kabuki (link)No women

performersEmphasizes action,

music and gestures

Art and Architecture

http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/japan/Architecture/Architecture2.html Hirosaki Castle

Need for homes in Edo caused nobles to compete for ‘best’ homes Used gold foil to reflect light

in dark castles Also used height for

defense

Decline of Tokugawa Dynasty(link)