thuyet minh pccc
TRANSCRIPT
CHU AU T: CONG TY IEN LC TP
THUYET MINH KY THUAT
HE THONG PHONG CHAY CHA CHAY
CONG TRNH
NHA MAY BAO B NHA THANH PHUA IEM
:KHU CONG NGHIEP HAI SN C HOA LONG AN
CHU AU T:CONG TY TNHH BAO B NHA THANH PHU THANG 05/ 2008MUC LUC1I.Tong quan :
1II.He thong cung cap ien
11.Gii thieu he thong:
22.Tieu chuan thiet ke
33.Mo ta he thong va nguyen ly hoat ong:
5III.HE THONG CHONG SET
51.Gii thieu he thong chong set.
52.Tieu chuan ap dung
53.Nguyen ly hoac ong he thong chong set
9IV.He thong bao chay t ong
91.Gii thieu he thong:
92.Tieu chuan thiet ke
113.Mo ta Chc nang, nhiem vu cua tng thiet b va nguyen ly hoat ong
14V.HE THONG THONG BAO KHAN
141.Gii thieu he thong
142.Tieu chuan thiet ke
143.Mo ta chc nang va nhiem vu cua cac thiet b
16VI.He thong cha chay bang nc
161.Gii thieu he thong:
172.Tieu chuan thiet ke:
183.Nguyen ly hoat ong:
19VII.He thong tao ap cho hanh lang thoat hiem
191.Gii thieu
202.Tieu chuan Thiet ke:
20VIII.He thong thong gio va ieu hoa khong kh
201.Gii thieu he thong:
202.Tieu chuan thiet ke:
203.Tnh toan thiet ke he thong thong go
214.Nguyen ly hoat ong
21IX.He thong cap thoat nc
211.Gii thieu he thong cap nc
222.Gii thieu he thong thoat nc ma
223.Gii thieu he thong thoat nc thai
224.Cac qui nh va tieu chuan thiet ke
235.Tnh toan thiet ke he thong cap nc
236.Tnh toan thiet ke ham t hoai
237.Nguyen ly hoat ong cua he thong cap nc
238.Nguyen ly hoat ong cua he thong thoat nc thai
25X.Phu luc cac ban tnh toan
I. Tong quan :
D an
: Nha May Bao B Nha Thanh Phua iem
: Khu Cong Nghiep Hai Sn, c Hoa, Long AnQui mo d an: Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu la cum nha xng c xay dng theo 4 giai oan. giai oan I, cum nha xng c xay dng tren khuon vien at co dien tch 40000m2. Bao gom khu vc nha xng, van phong quan ly, khu vc can tin. Chieu cao toi a cua cong trnh la 25.3mCac hang muc c ien phuc vu cong trnh:
Cac hang muc ien cong trnh:
He thong cung cap ien.
He thong thong tin va lien lac. He thong bao chay. He thong thong bao khan cap.
Cac hang muc c kh cong trnh:
He thong cha chay t ong va vach tng.
He thong ieu hoa khong kh va thong thoang go.
He thong cap va thoat nc.
II. He thong cung cap ien
1. Gii thieu he thong:
Da tren cong nang, mat bang cua nha xng va da tren bang tnh toan cong suat ien tieu thu, he thong ien cua nha xng c thiet ke gom hai nhanh phan phoi chnh theo hai tu ien chnh (MSB1 va MSB2) Tram bien ap: S dung 4 may bien ap dau (oil tranformer) co cong suat moi may 22-15/0.4kV-3P-4W-1250kVA. Cac may bien ap dau se c at trong phong may bien ap tai tang tret. May phat ien: Bon may phat ien d phong co cong suat u cung cap cho hoat ong cua nha may trong trng hp mang li cap ien cua cong ty ien lc co s co. Cong suat cua moi may: 1250kVA-3P-380V-50Hz loai cung cap ay tai (prime). Cac may phat ien ch hoat ong khi he thong li ien thanh pho b mat th sau mot thi gian (15 giay) cac may phat ien hoat ong va cung cap ien cho toan bo cong trnh thong qua cac bo ATS t ong. Bon may phat ien se c at trong phong co cach am, am bao o on cho cac khu vc lan can khong vt qua 60dB. Tu ien ha the chnh :
Gom hai tu MSB c at trong phong phan phoi ien, phan phoi ien cho chieu sang, cap nguon cho thiet b nha xng, cap nguon cho khu vc quan ly, can tin
ien trung the t mang li cua cong ty ien lc cap en tu trung the cua cong trnh, qua may cat tong va ong ho ien, ien trung the c cap en hai tram bien ap. ien ha the cung cap cho cong trnh c lay t cac tram bien ap ti hai tu phan phoi ien chnh MSB. Tai ay s dung cap Cu/PVC/PVC cap cho cac nguon phu tai hoat ong bnh thng va s dung cap chong chay (Cu/Fr) cho cac nguon cua he thong phong chay cha chay. Bon dau cho may phat ien :
Cac bon dau d tr ngay (daily tank) cho cac may phat ien se c at trong phong may phat. Phong cha bon dau se c thiet ke thong gio, he thong thu dau tran, cac thiet b cua he thong d tr va cung cap dau phai c noi tiep at. 2. Tieu chuan thiet ke
Viec thiet ke he thong ien cho cong trnh c da theo nhng tieu chuan va quy pham (phien ban mi nhat) nh sau:
TCVN 25-1991: at ng dan ien trong nha va cong trnh cong cong tieu chuan thiet ke.
TCVN 27-1991: at thiet b ien trong nha va cong trnh cong cong tieu chuan thiet ke.
TCVN 394-2007: Thiet ke va lap at trang thiet b ien-An toa ien TCVN 3256-1997: An toan ien- Thuat ng va nh ngha TCVN 4086-1985: An toan ien trong xay dng-Yeu cau chung TCVN 3145-1979: Kh cu ong cat mach ien, ien ap 1000V-Yeu cau an toan. TCVN 5556-1991: Thiet b ien ha ap-Yeu cau chung ve bao ve chong ien giat. TCVN 7447-4-41/42/43/44-2004: He thong lap at ien cua cac toa nha TCVN 18-1984: Quy pham trang b ien.
TCVN 19, 20, 21-1984: Quy pham trang b ien.
TCVN 4756-1989: quy pham noi at va noi khong cac thiet b ien. TCVN 46-2007: chong set cho cac cong trnh xay dng tieu chuan thiet ke thi cong.
TCVN 5334-1991: Thiet b ien kho dau va san pham dau Quy pham ky thuat an toan trong thiet ke va lap at
Cac Quy pham co lien quan trong nc
Nhng quy nh ve cung cap cua cong ty cap ien
NFPA 70 tieu chuan ien cua hiep hoi phong chong chay cua My.
NFPA 88A tieu chuan cho ham cha xe cua hiep hoi phong chong chay cua My.
Hng dan thiet ke ky thuat chieu sang cua Hoi Ky s c ien phuc vu cho xay dng(CIBSE)
Cac Quy pham co lien quan trong nc
Nhng quy nh ve cung cap cua cong ty cap ien
BS 5499- Phan 1: Nhng dau hieu va bieu tng. Dau hieu an toan, bao gom ca cac dau hieu an toan chong chay. Quy nh chi tiet ve cac dang hnh hoc, mau sac va cach bai tr
BS 5499- Phan 2 Cac dau hieu an toan chong chay, cac chu y va cac bieu tng o hoa. Quy nh chi tiet ve cac dau hieu an toan chong chay c chieu sang ben trong
BS 5266- Phan 1: Quy pham ve chieu sang khan cap
BS 7430 Quy pham ve noi at
BS 6651: Quy pham ve chong set cho toa nha
3. Mo ta he thong va nguyen ly hoat ong:
Tong so nhu cau ien c tnh cho cong trnh khoang 5288KVA. Chi tiet tai ien tham khao bang tnh phu tai ien. Nguon trung the t mang li ien cua cong ty ien lc cap en tu may cat trung the sau o c phan phoi en hai may bien the cung cap ien cho cac phu tai cua cong trnh. Hai may bien the c tnh toan am bao cung cap u tai cho cong trnh va co d phong 15%. Hai may phat ien d phong cho cong trnh (co cong suat va v tr c mo ta tren) se cung cap ien cho toan bo phu tai cua toan cong trnh khi mang li ien cua cong ty ien lc b gian oan ngng phuc vu. Hai may phat ien se khi ong va cung cap ien cho phu tai cua toa nha sau 15 giay khi co tn hieu bao mang li ien cua cong ty ien lc b s co va may phat ien so 2 se c khi ong cap nguon cho cac he thong phong chay cha chay khi co tn hieu bao chay en.Phng an lap at ong ho ien va tram bien ap se c xac nhan vi cong ty cap ien.
He thong cung cap ien se la 380/220V 3 pha, 4 day 50Hz. Hai tu chuyen mach ha the chnh c lap at trong phong phan phoi ien ha the (LV room). Tu ien chuyen mach ha the LV se nhan ien t may bien the va may phat d phong qua c cau chuyen mach t ong ATS phan phoi cho tat ca cac trung tam phu tai ien va cac phu tai ien tieu thu trong cong trnh.
Cac bo ngat mach khong kh (ACB) kieu cam vao va rut ra se c s dung e cach ly an toan cho cac bo phan cap ien. Cac bo ngat mach dang hop uc (MCCB) va ngat mach cau ch se c s dung e bao ve cac mach nhanh va thiet b phuc vu cha chay tng ng.
Cac bo phan hieu chnh he so cong suat t ong se c cung cap cho cac bo phan bang ien cua he thong ien phuc vu toa nha, e at c he so cong suat 0.9.
Cung cap va phan phoi ien cho cong trnh
1. Cung cap ien t tram bien the, may phat en tu phan phoi ha the: S dung cap Cu/XLPE/PVC i ngam trong mng cap 2. Cung cap ien phuc vu cho phu tai ien:S dung cap Cu/PVC/PVC +50%E i trong mang cap3. Cung cap ien cho cac he thong phong chay cha chay:S dung cap Cu/Fr +100%E i trong mang capDay cap ien chuyen dung se c lap at cho cac thiet b chnh va may moc chnh.
Cac day cap c boc chong chay se c dung e phan phoi ien cho thiet b:
Bm cha chay. Chieu sang khan capHai may phat ien ong c iezen se c lap at trong phong may phat. Hai may phat ien am bao cap u ien cho tat ca phu tai ien toan toa nha. May phat ien c thiet ke e khi ong t ong, cung cap ien trong vong 15 giay khi nguon ien cung cap t mang li cua cong ty ien lc b gian oan. Khi nguon cap ien thong thng c khoi phuc, may phat ien se t ong ngat va chuyen lng tai ngc tr lai nguon cap ien thong thng qua bo phan chuyen mach t ong trong tu ien ha the chnh. Trong trng hp co s co chay, nguon ien cap t mang li thanh pho se c cach li, va ch co may phat ien so 2 c kch hoat va cung cap cho cac nguon sau: Bm cha chay
Nguon chieu sang khan cap
Chieu sang khan cap He thong chieu sang khan cap se c bo tr cho toan bo khu vc cua nha xng, khu vc hanh lang va loi thoat hiem cua khu vc van phong quan ly.
e tranh tat en toan bo khu vc nha xng, hang lang va loi thoat hiem cua khu vc van phong quan ly trc khi may phat ien d phong khi ong (khi mang ien thong thng b cat, hoac khi co bao chay), co he thong chieu sang khan cap c trang b cac bo nguon oc lap cho 2 gi hoat ong.
He thong noi at
Mot he thong noi at rieng biet se c cung cap cho he thong sau ay:
He thong cung cap ien
Tram bien ap He thong may phat ien d phong He thong truyen thong va trang thiet b vi tnh.
Moi he thong tiep at se bao gom thanh noi at hoac tam noi at bang ong- bo phan lien ket vi coc mong, ban kep noi at va day dan bang ong noi lien vi nhau co kch thc thch hp.III. HE THONG CHONG SET
1. Gii thieu he thong chong set.Nham muc ch chong set phong trc tiep vao cong trnh, ngan chan nhng thiet hai do set gay ra cho cong trnh, trang thiet b cung nh con ngi, v vay can thiet phai trang b nhng he thong chong set trc tiep-Lan truyen tien tien nhat hien nay dung hai kim thu set phong ien sm chu ong thu tia set loai DYNASPHERE MKIV-SS, thoat nang lng set an toan xuong at bang cap thoat set chong nhieu ERICORE va he thong at co tong tr thap.
2. Tieu chuan ap dung
He thong chong set c thiet ke theo cac tieu chuan sau :
Chong set cho cac cong trnh xay dng Hng dan thiet ke , kiem tra bao tr he thong: TCXDVN 46 : 2007.
Chong set bao ve cac cong trnh vien thong: TCN 68-136-1995 Tong cuc Bu ien.
Thiet b chong qua ap qua dong do anh hng cua set vao ng day tai ien. TCN 168-167-1998.
Tieu chuan chong set lan truyen tren ng cap nguon cua Tong cuc Bu ien TCN68-167:1997.
Quy pham chong set va tiep at cho cac cong trnh vien thong TCN68-174: 1998.
3. Nguyen ly hoac ong he thong chong setThiet B Chong Set Trc Tiep:
1. Kim thu set DYNASPHERE:
Kim thu set Dynasphere ESE nh ten goi cua no (Early Streamer Emmision) la mot ban cau co ng knh khoang 26 cm co nhiem vu tao mot dong ien phong len trc khi bat ky mot bo phan nao khac cua toa nha trong vung bao ve co nguy c b set anh. Khi co mot dong electron ang c phong xuong, Dynasphere se gay nen s ion hoa tao cac phan t khong kh e tao nen mot dong phong len. ay la mot thiet b chu ong, khong s dung nguon ien nao, khong gay ra bat ky tieng ong, ch tac ong trong vong vai phan mi giay trc khi dong set thc s phong xuong. Thiet b co tac dung hieu qua lien tiep trong thi gian lau dai.
Hieu qua cua he thong nay khong phai la mot hang so ma tuy thuoc vao chieu cao va hnh dang cua cong trnh, v tr lap at Dynasphere, ap suat khong kh va ban chat ien t cua tng tia set.
Chieu cao lap at cang cao, ban knh bao ve cang ln. So sanh vi cac he thong bao ve co ien, phng phap nay co cac u iem sau:
Mot he thong chong set trc tiep c trang b 1 kim thu set phong ien sm D/S MKIV-SS c lap at vao chan e va tru (xem chi tiet), he thong nay c at nh cao nhat cua toa nha nham tao mot iem chuan e set phong vao chnh no va nh the la bao ve c cac cong trnh can bao ve an toan. Hn na, v ay la thiet b chu ong phat ra tia tien ao i len thu dong set i xuong, ieu nay tao ra mot o li ve khoang cach bao ve va do o tang c o rong ban knh bao ve so vi phng phap dung kim Franklin.
Thong so ky thuat cua au thu set D/S MKIV-SS:
SttTnh nangThong so ky thuat
1.Kieu loaiD/S MKIV-SS
2.Cong ngheKhe h phong ien tch cc, khong phong xa(ESE)
3.Trang thai hoat ongLuon san sang
4.Chat lieu qua cauBang thep khong r, cho phep thay the nh kim trong qua trnh s dung
5.Tuoi tho caoCo
6.Ban knh bao ve toi u120m (chieu cao at kim t 25m tr len)
7.au ket noi dan cap
thoat setVan ham chat au noi bang oc xiet, khoa au dan xuong va phu hp vi day cap dan
8Phan mem thiet ke vung bao vePhan mem BENJI xac nh vung bao ve an toan
9Phan mem thiet ke tnh toan ien tr noi atPhan mem ho tr tnh toan ien tr noi at va lng hoa chat can s dung
2. Cap thoat set chong nhieu, ERICORE DOWNCONDUCTOR:
ay la loai cap ac biet dung rieng cho viec chong set co 1 loi ong (tiet dien 55mm2). Do set la dong ien co tan so cao nen loi ong c phan bo hnh ong tam nham muc ch giam hieu ng mat ngoai t o tang toi a kha nang tan set trong lp loi nay. Lp cach ien co kha nang chu qua ap en 250kV am bao an toan. Lp vo ong co hieu qua chong nhieu. Hai loi ban dan co tac dung lam giam cng o ien trng tren be mat cap. Lp vo ngoai cung bao ve an toan cho cap. ERICORE co cac u iem sau:
Cho phep lap ben trong cong trnh
Tham my
De dang lap at trong thi gian ngan
Rat de bao tr
Khong gay set phong tat ngang - rat an toan
Bang thong so ky thuat cua cap thoat set chong nhieu ERICORE:
Stt Tnh nangThong so ky thuat
1Kieu loai ERICORE
2Tong tr ac tnh Z0 4.5 (
3Dung khang C 1100pF/m
4Cam khang L 22 nH/m
5ng knh ngoai ( ngoai36 mm
6Tiet dien loi ong Sdan55mm2
7Loai cap 7 lp (loi plastic, loi ong, vo ong boc, lp cach ien, 2 lp ban dan, vo bao ve)
8Dung cho vat kien truc khoang tren 65mDung cho vat kien truc khoang tren 65m
9Mc chu ien ap250kV
3. He thong tiep at:
He thong noi at la mot bo phan khong the tach ri trong bat ky giai phap chong set nao. Thng ien tr at c yeu cau thap hn 10 Ohm va 4 Ohm cho he thong ien.
Bao gom coc ong noi at, cap thoat set chong nhieu, cong nghe han hoa nhiet CADWELD va hoa chat lam giam ien tr at GEM 25A. GEM la mot loai hoa chat co tac dung giam ien tr suat cua at, co the s dung dang kho hay hoa vi nc. Khi o GEM len vung chon cac ien cc, GEM se tao nen mot lp keo (gel) ong nhat bao ve ien cc.
a. Cap ong tran
S dung cap ong tran tiet dien 70mm2 c tha xuong gieng tiep at. Cap ong tran cho phep nang cao kha nang tan dong ien va nang cao tuoi tho cua he thong tiep at.
b. Coc noi at
Coc tiep at s dung la loai coc ong d=16mm. Khong giong nh coc sat ve o ben c, coc ong co u iem dan ien tot trong viec thoat dong set .
c. Han CADWELD
Nham bao ve cac moi lien ket he thong tiep at khong b r set va an mon ien hoa, tat ca cac moi noi tiep at eu s dung moi han CADWELD lam tang o ben cua he thong tiep at, khong lam tang tong tr moi noi gia cac bo phan tiep at vi nhau.
Moi han Cadweld la moi noi kieu phan t va thoa cac yeu cau cua tieu chuan IEEE Std. 837-1989.
So vi cac kieu kep c kh va han ien, moi han Cadweld co u iem vt troi ve kha nang tan dong, o ben cao, khong gay nhieu do phong la, .
ac iem moi han Cadweld:
Chat lng sieu ben.
Moi han lien ket dang phan t.
Tai dong s co ln hn day dan do moi noi co tiet dien ln hn.
Moi noi han Cadweld co the chu ng c nhiet o en 1082oC.
Hoa chat giam ien tr at (GEM)
S dung hoa chat GEM nham giai quyet nhng kho khan trong viec x ly tiep at cho nhng vung at dan ien kem nh:
Vung at ien tr suat cao.
Khu vc oi nui, cat, soi.
Dien tch lam tiep at b gii han.
ac iem cua hoa chat giam ien tr at:
ien tr suat cua GEM: 12(.cm.
Cai thien ien tr noi at rat hieu qua.
Khong oc hai, ap ng tieu chuan EPA (to chc bao ve moi trng cua My).
Tuoi tho tren 30 nam.
Bao ve ien cc t b an mon (do GEM bao quanh lay ien cc).
Cac bang thong so ky thuat cua cac vat t tiep at:
SttThiet bac tnh ky thuat he thong tiep at
1Coc ong tiep atCoc ong - ong 95%
Chieu dai (m) theo ban ve, ng knh coc: 16mm
2Han hoa nhiet
CADWELDCong nghe han hoa nhiet CADWELD cho phep han
nhanh chong vi chat lng cao cac moi noi ong/ong,thep/ong vi nhieu kieu han khac nhau.
Moi han CADWELD tai c xung set co bien o ln (hang tram KA).
Moi han CADWELD la moi noi phan t nen khong h hong hay giam chat lng theo thi gian.
Moi han CADWELD tai dong ien hieu qua hn day dan.
Khong oi hoi nguon ngoai, thi cong nhanh chong, n gian, Thiet b gon nhe, khong at tien.
3Hoa chat lam giam ien tr at GEM25ATrong lng: 11.34kg/bao.
Hoa chat Gem lam giam ien tr at t 50 en 90%.
Tang o ket noi gia ien cc va at.
Bao ve ien cc va gi gia tr ien tr at on nh trong thi gian dai.
De dang s dung va co the x ly vi he thong noi at cu va mi.
4Cap ong tran lien ket
cac coc thep boc ongTiet dien 70mm2
IV. He thong bao chay t ong
1. Gii thieu he thong:
He thong bao chay t ong la loai he thong bao chay a ch. He thong bao gom cac thiet b nh sau:
Trung tam x ly bao chay (MFAP)
Cac au bao chay t ong: au bao khoi, au bao nhiet
Cong tac bao chay khan (Break glass) Chuong bao chay ket hp en bao.
Cac bo thu va suat tn ieu khien e giam sat tnh trang hoac kch hoat cho cac thiet b hoat ong(van, bm cha chay, thang may, quat hut gio tang ham).
Nguon ien bnh ac qui co the duy tr he thong lam viec toi thieu 24 gii khi nguon ien thong thng b cat ien.
Ngoai ra trung tam tu bao chay ket noi vi he thong am thanh va loa, ket noi vi tong ai ien thoai, he thong khong che khoi, he thong ieu hoa khong kh.
2. Tieu chuan thiet ke
He thong bao chay t ong c thiet ke da tren nhng tieu chuan sau ay: NFPA 72 tieu chuan bao chay cua hiep hoi phong chong chay cua My.
NFPA 88A tieu chuan cho ham cha xe cua hiep hoi phong chong chay cua My.
Can c tieu chuan Viet Nam :TCVN 5738 - 1993 He thong bao chay - yeu cau ky thuat c ban hanh theo quyet nh so 1238/Q ngay 13/12/1993 cua Bo Khoa hoc Cong Nghe va Moi Trng.
2.1 Tieu ch thiet ke lap at he thong bao chay t ong:
Thiet ke, lap at He thong bao chay c tuan thu theo cac tieu chuan neu tren.
He thong bao chay phai ap ng nhng yeu cau sau:
Phat hien chay nhanh chong theo chc nang a c e ra.
Truyen tn hieu khi phat hien co chay thanh tn hieu bao ong ro rang e nhng ngi xung quanh co the thc hien ngay cac bien phap x ly thch hp.
Day dan co kha nang chong nhieu tot.
Bao hieu nhanh chong, ro rang cac s co bao am o chnh xac cua he thong.
Khong b anh hng bi cac he thong khac lap at chung quanh hoac rieng re.
Khong b te liet mot phan hay toan bo do chay gay ra trc khi phat hien chay.
Khong xay ra tnh trang bao gia do chat lng au do kem, hoac sut ap do bo nguon trung tam khong tai c so lng au do.
He thong bao chay phai am bao o tin cay. He thong nay thc hien ay u cac chc nang a c e ra ma khong xay ra sai sot hoac cac trng hp ang tiec khac.
Nhng tac ong ben ngoai gay ra s co cho mot bo phan cua he thong khong gay ra nhng s co tiep theo trong he thong.2.2 Tnh toan thiet ke
Viec tnh toan trong thiet ke c ap dung tieu chuan NFPA 72 tieu chuan bao chay cua hiep hoi phong chong chay cua My va qui nh he thong Viet Nam so: TCVN - 5738 - 2001 yeu cau ve ky thuat cua he thong bao chay va cac tieu chuan ve thiet b.
2.3 Trung tam x ly bao chay:
Da tren muc ch s dung va kien truc cua cao oc chon trung tam x ly bao chay loai a ch the he thong minh co cac a ch oc lap vi nhau.
Trung tam x ly c la chon s dung loai a ch.
Khi co chay xay ra, no ch ra a ch chnh xac, nhanh chong cua tng vung. Moi au do giam sat tng ng mot a ch cua Trung tam Bao chay c at tai phong bao ve co ngi thng trc.
au bao khoi:
Do ket cau xay dng, cao o cua moi tang va tang lng co khac nhau nen mat o au bao khoi cac tang cung khac nhau (55-100m2 /au).
au bao nhiet:
Ngoai cac au bao khoi, bo tr them cac au bao nhiet gia tang. Viec bo tr au bao nhiet nay phu hp vi tnh chat cac khu vc cha xe. Dien tch bao ve cua mot au bao nhiet theo thiet ke t 25 en 30 m2 .
Cong tac khan:
Cac cong tac khan c bo tr tai loi ra vao de dang tac ong khi can bao chay, c lap at cach mat san la 1.5m. (ieu 4.2 TCVN 5738 - 2001).
Chuong bao chay:
Tai tang ham va cac tang cua cao oc c bo tr 1 chuong bao chay gan cac cau thang thoat hiem.
Nguon ien:
He thong bao chay nay ngoai nguon ien hoat ong bnh thng 220VAC / 50Hz con c trang b nguon d phong 24VDC.
Nguon d phong nay u am bao cho he thong hoat ong che o thng trc (bnh thng) trong thi gian 12 gi va 3 gi che o bao ong (phu hp vi ieu 71 TCVN 5738 - 2001). Bo nguon c lap at tai Trung tam bao chay.
Day tn hieu:
Day tn hieu bao chay co tiet dien 1,5mm2.
oi vi cac ng day truc chnh, ngoai cac oi day ket noi vi cac thiet b con co t 2 en 3 oi day d phong. Cac mach tn hieu cua he thong bao chay c kiem tra t ong tnh trang ky thuat theo suot chieu dai cua mach tn hieu (Chc nang t kiem tra cua Trung tam X ly ).
Cac day cap truyen tn hieu c s dung phai la loai cap chong chay.
3. Mo ta Chc nang, nhiem vu cua tng thiet b va nguyen ly hoat ongHe thong bao chay nay ap ng cac yeu cau cua TCVN va NFPA 72 (tieu chuan bao chay cua hiep hoi phong chong chay cua My). Do tnh nang va cau truc cua cong trnh, thiet ke 01 tu trung tam x ly chnh (FACP) at tai phong bao ve. Tu FACP se giam sat khu vc nha xng va cac thiet b, he thong cha chay chung cua cong trnh. ay la mot bo phan chnh, co nhiem vu nhan va x ly cac tn hieu bao chay, cac tn hieu s co ky thuat va hien th cac thong tin ve he thong. Thong qua Trung tam x ly, nhan vien trc co the quan sat tnh hnh hoat ong cua he thong va ieu khien he thong trong trng hp can thiet.
3.1 Nhiem vu chnh cua Trung tam x ly ( FACP):
X ly tn hieu au vao: Nhan thong tin t cac thiet b au vao (Input) nh au bao khoi, au bao nhiet, cong tac khan, tnh trang cac van, mc nc trong be cha chay e x ly va phat tn hieu en cac thiet b au ra (Output): coi, chuong, loa, en, quat tao ap hanh lang.., ong thi en ch th vung co chay phai c bat sang tren mat tu trung tam x ly.
Phat tn hieu bao chay truyen ve Trung tam ch huy PCCC Thanh pho (Monitoring) hoac cac ban quan ly toa nha qua ng day ien thoai hoac vo tuyen bang cach nhan tin, se c cai at theo yeu cau cua ngi s dung phu thuoc vao thi gian tre khi trung tam bat au bao chay va s co khong giai quyet c sau 1 thi gian nhat nh hoac phu thuoc vao quy mo va pham vi khi co bao chay.
FACP la ni hien th cac thong tin cua he thong: Trang thai bnh thng, trang thai co s co truc trac ky thuat cua he thong, trang thai bao ong.
e de dang kiem soat, tren mat tu trung tam x ly co ay u cac en ch th bao chay tng ng vi cac vung c no kiem soat trong cung mot thi iem. Trung tam x ly co the x ly nhieu tn hieu bao chay t nhieu vung kiem soat a ve, cap nguon cho cac thiet b thuoc He thong bao chay (theo tieu chuan Quoc te NFPA 72, nguon cua he thong bao chay la 24VDC).
FACP Thng xuyen hoat ong suot 24/24 gi, lien tuc giam sat hien trng qua 3 trang thai:
Trong trng hp bnh thng: en LED mau xanh bat sang.
Trong trng hp co s co ky thuat thuoc he thong: Trung tam x ly se phat tn hieu bang en mau o va am thanh bip bip e nhan vien trc kp thi x ly.
Trong trng hp co chay: Khoi hoac nhiet se kch thch cac thiet b khi bao (au bao khoi/nhiet). Khi au bao b kch thch, no se lap tc t ong truyen tn hieu ve Trung tam x ly. Trung tam x ly nhan va phat tn hieu en cac bo phan khac: Chuong bao chay tai Phong Trc oi Bao Ve se reo len. Cung luc ay, en LED mau o tai Trung tam x ly se ch bao cho biet khu vc nao xay ra s co.
Trung tam x ly bao chay lam viec theo nguyen ly tre thi gian (Time Delay type). Khi nhan c tn hieu bao chay t mot hoac nhieu au bao a ve, Trung tam cha phat lenh bao ong co chay ngay ma lu tr trong mot khoan thi gian (oi vi au bao khoi la 55 - 60 giay, au bao nhiet la 15 - 20 giay). Trong thi gian nay en Delay time se sang len.
Neu sau thi gian nay, khong con tn hieu a ve th Trung tam se huy tn hieu va coi o la tn hieu gia. Neu sau thi gian nay, tn hieu van a ve lien tuc th Trung tam se phat lenh bao chay tai trung tam va phong bao ve, sau 1 thi gian tre 60 giay u e bao ve xem xet thc te tai v tr bao chay va giai quyet (nh do cac au do bao chay gia hoac cong tac bao chay khan vo tnh b tac ong), neu tn hieu bao chay con duy tr tiep sau 60 giay tre, FACP trung tam se kch hoat cac he thong chuong coi va a tn hieu en he thong quan ly cua tang ham e ieu khien cac he thong quat tao ap cau thang, quat khong che khoi tang ham, he thong loa hoat ong thong bao di tan ra khoi cong trnh, ong thi ngat he thong ieu hoa khong kh, quat cap go. Nguyen ly nay tranh cho he thong bao ong gia la mot tieu chuan quan trong cho viec thiet ke va lap at he thong bao chay t ong.
Trung tam c cap nguon ien 220V/50HZ t he thong UPS khi mat nguon AC, he thong van hoat ong bnh thng nh co bo nguon d phong (24VDC) bao am hoat ong lien tuc suot ngay em va co lu gi cac thong tin lien quan en tnh trang cua he thong.
3.2 au bao khoi (SMOKE DETECTOR)
au bao khoi la thiet b trc tiep gi vai tro giam sat, phat hien dau hieu co khoi xuat hien va gi tn hieu ve Trung Tam X Ly.
Thi gian tac ong cua cac au bao khoi khong ln hn 30 giay. Mat o khoi cua moi trng co tac dung en au bao khoi t 15% en 20% (TCVN 5783-2001), NFPA 72. Cac au do s dung loai ionzation.
3.3 au bao nhiet (HEAT DETECTOR)
La loai au bao khong cam ng khoi. No se cam ng hien tng bau khong kh xung quanh gia tang nhiet, gia tang nhiet o mot cach ot ngot, khoang 6oC/phut. No se phat hien tnh trang nhiet o khong kh bat thng nay va phat tn hieu bao ong gi ve Trung tam x ly (TCVN 5738 -2001), NFPA 72 . Cac au do s dung loai ionzation.3.4 Cong tac bao chay khan cap (MANUAL CALL POINT)
La loai thiet b thc hien viec bao chay bang tay khi co ngi phat hien s co chay, trong trng hp khan cap c lap at tai nhng ni thuan tien e moi ngi co the de dang tm thay va tac ong vao khi co s co (TCVN 5738-2001)
3.5 Chuong bao chay (FIRE ALARM BELL)
Khi xay ra s co chay, chuong se bao ong vi cng o 90dB tai v tr cach 0.3m, chuong bao chay c at tai cac hanh lang va ni co ngi trc thng xuyen hoac nhieu ngi qua lai e thong bao va yeu cau moi ngi tham gia cha chay (TCVN 5738-2001)
3.6 Nguon ien
e am bao he thong bao chay lam viec lien tuc khi mat ien hoac co chay, ngoai nguon ien chnh xoay chieu (AC) t UPS, Trung tam bao chay c trang b mot bo nguon d phong nham am bao cho he thong lam viec 12 gi lien tuc, khi mat ien trong trang thai giam sat bnh thng va trong 3 gi khi co s co chay (TCVN 5738 -2001)
3.7 Cac yeu to lien ket
Gom cac linh kien, he thong cap va day tn hieu, cac bo phan tao thanh tuyen lien ket vi nhau gia cac thiet b cua He thong bao chay.
3.8 Trang thai cua he thong bao chay
Hoat ong cua He thong luon c theo doi va hien th mot trong 3 trang thai sau:
Trang thai bnh thng: trang thai nay, he thong ang giam sat bnh thng, khong co s co nao xay ra. Cho biet khong co s co chay nao xuat hien hoac khong co loi ve ng truyen cung nh truc trac ve cac thiet b cua he thong.
S co ky thuat: trang thai nay, trung tam x ly cua he thong thong bao cho ta biet cac h hong co the xay ra nh nguon d phong (battery) b het hay ang yeu i, nguon ien chnh b mat, mach tn hieu ngo vao, ngo ra b h, t hoac cham mach..
Bao chay (Fire): trang thai nay, he thong se thong bao cho chung ta biet s co chay thong qua cac tn hieu bao ong nh chuong, coi, en ch th ang co s co chay xay ra e nhan vien ieu hanh kp thi e ra cac bien phap x ly dap tat am chay.
3.9 Tom tat:
He thong bao chay cho cao oc c thiet ke la he thong khep kn, quan ly thiet b au vao, au ra, cung nh he thong day truyen dan tn hieu mot cach chat che. Bat ky s co nao eu c thong bao mot cach kp thi va chnh xac. Khi co am chay xay ra, cac dau hieu ac trng cua no bao gom: khoi c sinh ra o tang cao, la phat ra. Cac thiet b au do cho tng loai nay cam nhan c cac hien tng o se oi tn hieu chay (tn hieu khong ien) sang tn hieu ien truyen ve Trung tam x ly chnh va phat i tn hieu bao chay (Alarm) cac thiet b au ra (Loa, chuong, telephone, en, bang hien th a ch).
Cac mo un xuat, nhap tn hieu e giao dien vi cac he thong khac va kch hoat cac quat tao ap hanh lang, may phat ien, ong thi cat cac quat cap go, thiet b ieu hoa khong kh am bao ngan nga chay ln xay ra va dap tat kp thi khi co chay.
HE THONG THONG BAO KHAN 1. Gii thieu he thong
He thong am thanh dung e phat nhac nen, thong bao thong tin cong trnh va bao khan cap khi co s co xay ra.
Trong trng hp co hoa hoan xay ra, he thong se c dung u tien cho viec thong bao hng dan thoat hiem, tuan theo tieu chuan IEC 60849.
He thong c thiet ke d phong cho m rong tng lai. Tai moi tang co iem au noi rieng.
He thong gom cac phan chnh
He thong loa phat thanh.
Trung tam x ly (bo khuyech ai, bo chia kenh, bo chon kenh, bo thong bao).
V tr lap at he thong phat thanh noi bo
Loa c lap at cac khu nha xng, hanh lang, (tham khao ban ve)
Trung tam c at tai phong quan ly thong tin.2. Tieu chuan thiet ke
TCVN 2622-1995: phong Chay, Chong Chay cho nha va cong trnh. Yeu cau thiet ke.
Theo BS 6259 & BS EN 60849
AS1851 part10, AS2220 part 1 va 2
AS3000, BCA.
3. Mo ta chc nang va nhiem vu cua cac thiet b
Loa am tran:
S dung cho khu vc hanh lang, van phong Cong suat : 1.5-3-6W
Cng o am thanh: 91dB/ Wm
ap tuyen tan so: 70 ( 18.000Hz
Loa gan tng:
S dung cac phong ky thuat, nha xng.
Cong suat : 5-10-15W
Cng o am thanh: 90dB/ Wm
ap tuyen tan so: 150 ( 10.000 Hz.
Bo ieu khien am lng:
Cong suat: 0.5W ~ 60W
Tam ieu khien: 5 bc (0dB, -6dB, -12dB, -18dB, OFF)
Ban goi
Micro ien dung e ban tng ng.
Ban phm la chon vung can thong bao.
Chc nang chon toan bo cac vung.
Co the la chon c o khuyech ai, loc am.
en LED hien th vung la chon tren ban goi.
Cac ac tnh ky thuat:
Tan so: 100Hz 16kHz
o meo: < 0,6%
Tieu chuan: EN 55103-1/2.
Bo khuyech ai
Tang cong suat cua he thong.
Co au ra 70V/100V va tr khang thap.
Cac ac tnh ky thuat :
Tan so : 50Hz 20kHz
o meo : 1% @1Khz
Cong suat : 120W (220V)
Tieu chuan : EN 55103-1/2.
Bo ghi/phat nhng thong tin cho hng dan thoat hiem:
Khi tn hieu chay t he thong bao chay gi ti he thong, bo phat nhng thong tin cho hng dan thoat hiem se phai t kch hoat va hoat ong, thong qua he thong phat thanh noi bo e thong bao thong tin hng dan thoat hiem cho toan cong trnh. Ngoai ra he thong con co the phat thanh trc tiep hng dan cua nhan vien cha chay thong qua micro ac biet danh cho phan cha chay.
Cac ac tnh ky thuat :
D lieu : WAV-file, 16-bit PCM.
o meo : 0,1% @1Khz
Bo nh : 16Mbit EEPROM.
ieu khien : relay..
Tieu chuan : EN 55103-1/2.
Day cap
Day cap cho cac thiet b trong he thong c i tren mang cap he thong phat thanh noi bo trong hop gen ien nhe (gom: tivi, camera, am thanh) hoac trong ong PVC tren tran gia / am tng.
Day dan vao phai c anh dau nhan dang va phai the hien ro tren ban ve hoan cong.
Day cap c s dung trong he thong phat thanh noi bo t trung tam ti cac loa la loai cap Cu/PVC.
V. He thong cha chay bang nc 1. Gii thieu he thong:
Cong trnh c trang b cac he thong cha chay nh sau:
He thong cha chay t ong(Sprinkler system).
He thong cha chay vach tng va cuon voi (Hydrant va hose reel system).
Cac bnh cha chay CO2 treo tng.Be nc cha chay
Be nc cha chay ket hp san xuat va sinh hoat co dung tch nc 261m3, luon d tr mot the tch nc cho cha chay la 216m3, c at tai am trong cong trnh. Lng nc trong be u cung cap cho he thong cha chay t ong Sprinkler va cha chay vach tng.He thong bm cha chay
Bm cha chay cho he thong Sprinkler va vach tng
Gom 02 bm ien (mot chnh va mot d phong) 72m3/h@50mH2O, bm bu ap (jockey pump) 5.4m3/h@55mH2O. Bm bu ap c s dung ket hp lam bm cap nc sinh hoat. Cac bm c at tai phong bm cha chay.He thong ng ong phan phoi
He thong ng ong cho he thong Sprinkler va cha chay vach tng
He thong cha chay chnh cua he thong Sprinkler va cha chay vach tng cua cong trnh la he thong ong t thng xuyen nen nc co ap lc 5kg/cm2 ben trong ng ong. Cac ong nhanh cua he thong cha chay t ong (Sprinkler) va tai cac hong cua he thong cha chay vach tng luon cha nc co ap lc 4 kg/cm2 ben trong ng ong.
ng ong xuat phat t he thong ong trong phong may bm theo mang li ng ong phan phoi en cac tu cha chay va cac ong nhanh cap cho he cha chay t ong Sprinkler.
Cong tac dong chay se c lap at cho moi ng ong nhanh chnh sprinkler e khi mot au sprinkler nao hoat ong th khu vc tng ng se c xac nh va tn hieu se c truyen ve tu bao chay trung tam va thc hien cac cong viec co lien quan nh mo ta trong he thong bao chay t ong. ong thi khi co sut ap trong he thong ng ong r le ap suat tai au bm se tac ong kch hoat cho bm hoat ong.
e kiem tra cac bm cha chay, co the m cac valve xa nc bang tay e th cac bm cha chay chnh. Trong ieu kien th nghiem, cac bm cha chay chnh se bm tuan hoan t cac be cha chnh ma khong khi ong mach bao ong.
Hong tiep nc cha chay:
Hong tiep nc c bo tr ben ngoai cao oc va c nh v dung e bo sung nc vao he thong cha chay t cac xe cha chay.
Hong tiep nc c bo tr nh trong ban ve thiet ke c xem nh la mot phan cua ban mo ta nay.
Cac hong tiep nc phai c bo tr sao cho khong gay can tr en lu lng giao thong bnh thng.
Voi cha chay cap nc vach tng :
Voi cha chay trong hop voi cha chay s dung loai at am tng se c bo tr eu tai cac khu vc cua nha xng va khu van phong.
Moi hop voi cha chay co mot cum voi dai 30m va mieng voi cha chay mot au va mot khp noi e noi au kia.
Voi cha chay la loai ng knh OD50mm.
He thong bm cha chay c kch hoat bi hoat ong cua bat ky voi cha chay nao trong cong trnh.
Voi cha chay c xem la tr giup ban au cho nhan vien cung cho oi cu hoa chuyen nghiep s dung.
Bnh cha chay cam tay :Bnh cha chay cam tay se c bo tr tai nhng v tr xung yeu trong tang ham cha xe, cac phong ky thuat va canh moi hong phun cu hoa c treo tren tng.
Nhng khu vc de chay nh phong may phat ien chay Diesel, khu vc phong ky thuat, phong bo tr cac tu ien phai trang b cac bnh cha chay loai treo tng. Cac tang ham bai au xe c trang b cac bnh cha chay loai ln.
Bang ieu khien he thong cha chay :
Bang ieu khien cu hoa la bang ieu khien chnh yeu va co nhiem vu nhan tn hieu au vao va gi cac tn hieu i va en cua he thong Sprinkler, he thong ieu hoa khong kh va thong thoang. Bang ieu khien cu hoa cung se co cac bo phan x ly e dien dch cac tn hieu au vao va phan hoi thch ng, o la khi ong cac may bm va gi i cac tn hieu tng ng.
Bang ieu khien cu hoa c bo tr trong phong may bm cap cho he thong cha chay t ong Sprinkler va cap nc vach tng.
Bang ieu khien cu hoa se cung cap cac tn hieu theo doi va bao ong en trung tam bao chay chnh.
2. Tieu chuan thiet ke:Thiet ke, lap at he thong cha chay da theo cac tieu chuan sau:
NFPA 10 tieu chuan ve cac bnh cha chay cua hiep hoi phong chong chay My
NFPA 13 tieu chuan e lap at cho he thong cha chay t ong cua hiep hoi phong chong chay My.
NFPA 14 tieu chuan lap at cho he thong cha chay loai vach tng, cuon voi cua hiep hoi phong chong chay My.
TCVN 5760 1993: Yeu cau chung ve thiet ke lap at va s dung he thong cha chay
TCVN 4513 1988: Cap nc ben trong -Tieu chuan thiet ke
TCVN 5739 - 1993: Thiet b cha chay - au noi
TCVN 5740 - 1993: Thiet b cha chay - Voi cha chay tong hp trang cao su.
TCVN 2622 - 78 va TCVN 2622 - 1995: Phong chay, chong chay cho nha va cong trnh - Yeu cau thiet ke
Theo TCVN 2622-1995 va tieu chuan cua hiep hoi phong chong My, viec thiet ke he thong cha chay ap ng nhng yeu cau sau:
am bao lu lng chat cha chay. Lu lng nay phu thuoc vao loai chat chay, chat cha chay, dien tch va the tch can cha chay.
He thong cha chay phai am bao u ap lc a chat cha chay vao ni xay ra chay.
Bo phan cung ng, d tr chat cha chay phai am bao hoat ong thng xuyen va phai co lng d tr phu hp vi tng loai he thong cha chay theo cac yeu cau cua cac tieu chuan neu tren.
Bo phan phan bo chat cha chay, au phun va lang phun phai am bao phu kn chat cha chay len be mat chat chay, dien tch cha chay va t le phan tram can thiet khi cha chay the tch.
Phai s dung au phun va lang phun phu hp vi he thong cha chay.
Bo phan ong phai am bao hoat ong lien tuc. Khi cha chay phai phat tn hieu bao ong.
Bo phan cung cap ien phai am bao cung cap ay u nang lng cho he thong cha chay hoat ong. Phai co nguon cung cap ien d phong e kp thi thay the khi nguon chnh b ngat ien.
3. Nguyen ly hoat ong:
3.1. Vai tro cua he thong cha chay
He thong cha chay cap nc vach tng va t ong (Sprinkler) c lap at trong toa nha nham lam ha nhiet o am chay bang nc, dan en dap tat am chay hoac ngan chan khong cho am chay phat sinh va lan sang cac khu vc khac.
Vi vai tro nay he thong cha chay cap nc vach tng va t ong la mot trong cac he thong nham tang cng them bien phap bao ve an toan tai san vat chat, ong thi giup tranh c nhng thiet hai ve sinh mang va tai san co the co do rui ro khi hoa hoan xay ra.
3.2. Tnh toan the tch be cha nc cu hoa va chon bm
Tham khao ban tnh khoi lng nc cha chay.
3.3. Nguyen ly hoat ong he thong cha chay vach tng va Sprinkler:
He thong ng ong chnh luon c nen ap lc thng trc la 5kg/cm2, khi co s co tuot ap (nguyen nhan do rui ro co chay) xuong di han 4.5 kg/cm2 trong he thong ng ong. Bm bu ap (Jockey) se t ong van hanh e bu ap lc a mat. Neu s van hanh bu ap cua bm Jockey van khong u, ap lc ng ong tiep tuc ha xuong 4kg/cm2 khi o bm chnh se t ong khi ong, neu trong qua trnh cha chay ma bm chnh dng th bm d phong se t ong khi ong va thay the cho bm chnh.
Ap lc tai cac voi cha chay va tai cac au Sprinkler c duy tr ap suat 4kg/cm2. Gia s trong vung bao ve cua cac au Sprinkler co xay ra am chay, nhiet o cua am chay lam au Sprinkler nong len en nhiet o 68oC th se t ong no (ac biet nhng au phun lap trong phong may phat ien se no khi nhiet o len en 78oC), nc c nen di ap lc cao se phun ra lam ha nhiet am chay va dap tac am chay. Tai moi nhanh ong cha chay t ong chnh moi tang eu co gan van giam sat va cong tac dong chay, khi co dong chay trong ong cong tac se tac ong va tn hieu bao se c gi ve tu bao chay FACP thong bao chnh xac khu vc ma he thong Sprinkler ang hoat ong cha chay. Cac van giam sat am bao cho cac nhanh chnh luon c cap nc san sang, trong bat ky ly do nao nhanh b khoa th se co tn hieu bao ve tu FACP.
Tai nhng vung chay khong co au Spinkler bao ve, ngi tham gia cha chay co the s dung cac voi cha chay c at trong cac hop cha chay. Cung cap ien cho bm cha chayViec cap ien en bang ieu khien may bm cha chay se c au noi trc tiep t tu ien phan phoi ha the chnh va day cap ien la loai chong chay vi 2 nguon luon luon duy tr va cung cap cho bm cha chay:
- T tram bien the.
- T may phat ien so 2VI. He thong tao ap cho hanh lang thoat hiem 1. Gii thieu
Cong trnh c trang b he thong quat tao ap hanh lang thoat hiem (truc 11-12 ). am bao cho ngi cac phong san xuat co the thoat ra ngoai khi xay ra chay ma khong b ngop v khoi. 04 quat tao ap hanh lang c lap tai hai au cua hanh lang. Quat tao ap c s dung chu c nhiet o cao ( 4000C / 2 gi ) va c ieu khien bang tay hoac t ong t trung tam bao chay.
Khi co tn hieu bao chay t bat ky v tr nao cua cong trnh, tu bao chay trung tam gi tn hieu en tu ien cua quat thong qua thiet b truy xuat (OP), cac quat tao ap hanh lang se c kch khi ong, cung cap gio ti vao khu vc hanh lang va tao ap suat dng so vi ben ngoai khoang 50Pa. Nh vay khu vc hanh lang se khong co khoi va la lan vao khi co chay, tao loi thoat hiem an toan cho moi ngi.
Cac quat tao ap khi a c khi ong se tiep tuc hoat ong cho en khi c tat bang tay tai hop ieu khien quat.
2. Tieu chuan Thiet ke:
NFPA 92A-2000 nhng qui nh thc te cho he thong khong che khoi cua hiep hoi phong chong chay My.
AS/NZ 1668.1:1998 khong che khoi va chay cho toa nha nhieu khu vc rieng biet cua hiep hoi ky s chau Uc va New Zeland.
ASHRAE 1995 chng 48: tieu chuan ve quan ly va khong che khoi cua hiep hoi ky s ieu hoa khong kh va thong thoang go.
VII. He thong thong gio va ieu hoa khong kh
4. Gii thieu he thong:He thong ieu hoa khong kh trung tam loai VRV cho khu vc van phong quan ly
VRV la t viet tat t tieng Anh Variable Refrigerant Volume, ngha la he thong HKK co lu lng moi chat co the thay oi c thong qua ieu chnh tan so dong ien nh viec ap dung cong nghe mi. Dan nong cua he thong nay gom t 1 en 3 may nen tuy theo cong suat, trong o co 1 may nen c ieu khien bien tang (inverter) theo nguyen ly : khi thay oi tan so ien vao ong c may nen th toc o quay cua ong c thay oi, do o thay oi lng tac nhan lanh qua may nen, kha nang thay oi phu tai cua may nen inverter rat rong do tan so ien co the thay oi trong pham vi t 52 en 210 Hz. Nh o nang suat lanh he thong co the ieu chnh theo nhieu cap, ieu nay cho phep ieu khien rieng biet hoat tuyen tnh moi dan. Moi dan nong co the ket noi vi nhieu dan lanh khoang cach gia dan nong va dan lanh co the ti 150m, chenh lech chieu cao co the ti 50m.
5. Tieu chuan thiet ke:
NFPA 90A tieu chuan lap at he thong ieu hoa khong kh va thong thoang go cua hiep hoi chong chay My.
NFPA 91: tieu chuan lap at he thong hut go thai cac kh de chay.
AS 1682-1991 tieu chuan thong thoang gio c kh cua hiep hoi ky s Uc.
Tnh toan thiet ke he thong thong goTham khao bang tnh cong suat lanh nh kem phu lucNguyen ly hoat ong
Mot cum may lanh loai VRV bao gom mot dan nong ket noi vi nhieu may lam mat khong kh. Dan nong c giai nhiet bang gio, cum may lanh co the thay oi cong suat lanh theo tan so thay oi cua mot giup tiet kiem ien nang.
Cac may lam mat khong kh FCU c at tren tran, hoac treo tng, cac khong gian can ieu hoa.
Thermostat gan khong gian phong theo moi v tr cua FCU co kha nang cai at c nhiet o yeu cau va tiet kiem ien nang. Tn hieu ieu khien nhiet o tai moi phong se ieu khien cong suat lam viec cua cum dan nong. Toan bo khoi nay co the lap trnh ieu khien chc nang hoat ong cua dan lanh tng phong thong qua mot bo ieu khien trung tam.
Trong trng hp co bao chay bat ky v tr nao trong toa nha, nguon ien cap cho tat ca cac VRV se b cat va chung se ngng hoat ong.
Chung loai kh (tac nhan lanh) dung cho to may nen cua may VRF he thong HKK trung tam se la loai R410A vi he so anh hng moi trng va tang Ozone thap nhat.
Cac ong gen dan khong kh cua he thong HKK se c thiet ke vi cac lp cach nhiet va bao on nham giam thieu ton that nhiet va tranh ong sng.
Cac ong gio cap va hoi tai mieng thoi va hut cua FCU c thiet ke cach am trong e giam o on.
He thong ieu hoa khong kh c lap trnh hoat ong che o bnh thng. Khi co tn hieu bao chay nguon ien cap cho he thong nay se b ngat, he thong ngng hoat ong.He thong cap thoat nc
1. Gii thieu he thong cap nc
Be cha nc
Be cha nc ket hp cha chay vi tong the tch nc 261m3, trong o luon d tr mot lng nc sinh hoat 45 m3, c at am trong cong trnh.
Be nc c uc be tong, gom co nap ay( main hole cover) c lam bang gang, he thong ong ch xuyen thanh be c lap san khi o be tong thanh be. Ong xuyen thanh be c chon la thep khong g (Stainless steel) gom co : ong nc vao, ong nc ra, ong xa ay, ong xa tran, ong thong hi, ong bao lap bo khong che mc nc (floatless flow switch).
He thong cap nc nc
Cac ng ng chnh va ph c ni vi nhau thong qua cac mi ni, van, ph tung(co, te, ni gim);
Cac h thng iu chnh ap lc (bnh gian n, cong tc ap sut, van giam ap); cac h thng iu chnh lu lng nc (cong tc mc nc, van phao) va h thng iu khin bm bng in.
2. Gii thieu he thong thoat nc ma
Phan nay bao gom cac mieng thu nc ma t mai, ong thai nc ma trong san vn, cac ong gop thai nc ma va noi ti he thai nc ma cua a phng.3. Gii thieu he thong thoat nc thai
C5H7NO2 5 CO2 + 2H2O + NH3 + OH
Nc thai t ngan cha t chay sang ngan lang, nhng can co kha nang lang se c lang xuong nh qua trnh lang trong lc. Sau lang nc thai t chay sang ngan loc, nhng can khong co kha nang lang se c gi lai trc khi xa thai vao nguon tiep nhan.
Thanh phan nc thai au vao:
- pH
: 6.1 8.0
- BOD5
: 250mg/l
- TDS
: 800 - 2000 mg/l
- SS
: 180 230mg/l
- H2S
: 3 mg/l
- Nitrat
: 35 40 mg/l
- Dau m
: 40100 g/l
- PO43-
: 10 - 15mg/l
Tong coliforms: 2400.103
Yeu cau nc au ra: Sau khi a x ly at mc III theo TCVN 6772:2000
- pH
: 5 9
- BOD5
: 40 mg/l
- COD
: 60 mg/l
- Chat ran l lng: 0.5 mg/l
- Chat ran hoa tan: 500 mg/l
- H2S
: 3.0 mg/l
- Nitrat
: 40 mg/l
- Dau m
: 20 mg/l
- PO43-
: 10 mg/l
- Tong coliforms: 5000 MPN/100ml
Phu luc cac ban tnh toan Bang tnh phu tai ien kHOI VAN PHONG
BANG TNH PHU TAI IEN KHU CONG CONG
BANG TNH PHU TAI IEN KHU CAN HO 1
BANG TNH PHU TAI IEN KHU CAN HO 2,3
Bang tnh tai lanh
BANG TNH THONG GIO
BANG TNH HE THONG QUAT TAO AP CAU THANG VA THANG MAY BANG TNH KHOI LNG NC CHA CHAY
Bang tnh khoi lng nc sinh hoat
BANG TNH BON GAS TRUNG TAMEnzyme
Enzyme
Enzyme