3. thuyet minh bptc

CNG TY TNHH THNH CNG379 - Phong KH-KT

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I. M TA CHUNG V CNG TRINH 1.1. Thng tin chung v cng trinh *Goi thu: Xy lp Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim *a im xy dng: x Nam Vin, th x Phc Yn, tnh Vnh Phc *Ch u t: UBND x Nam Vim *n v d thu: Cng ty TNHH TC379. 1.2. c im cng trnh Sau khi nghin cu k hin trng khu t xy dng, iu kin giao thng, c s h tng, a hnh, cc iu kin an ninh an ton x hi ca khu vc, Nh thu nh gi c im cng trnh nh sau: Cng trnh s c xy dng trong khu vc cng trnh c v gn vi ng giao thng nn thun tin cho vic vn chuyn vt t, tuy nhin do nm trong khu c nh lm vic nn vic thi cng cn ht sc m bo yu cu v k thut v m thut, mi trng cng nh an ton cao trnh nh hng ti hot ng bnh thng ca khi c quan v nh dn ln cn. Goi thu: Xy lp Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim" bao gm cac hang muc sau: 1.2.1. Nh chnh: Nh 1 tng cp 4 gm c 1 hi trng, 1 sn khu, 1 nh kho, tng din tch xy dng nh l 105 m2. - Phn mng: Mng b tng ct thp mc 200# 1x2, b tng lt mng mc 100#. - H dm ging BTCT mc 200# 1x2. - Khung b tng ct thp chu lc Mc 200# 1x2, tng xy gch ch c 220. Xy thu hi gch ch 220 va XM 50#, s n thot nc mi dc 2%. - Sn mi b tng ct thp mc 200# dy 10cm, 1x2, trt trn va XM 75# dy 1,5cm. - Lp dng x g thp C100x40x3,5, mi lp tn dy 0,45mm. - Ca s v ca i lm bng pano knh g nhm III, sn mu g. - Lp t cc thit b in ng b: cm, cng tc, n in, qut in. - Lt nn gch CERAMIC 400x400mm, nn lt va xi mng M 50# dy 2cm. 1.2.2. Cc hng mc ph tr: - Cng rng 3,0 m xy tr gch 450x450 va XM mc 50#. - Hng ro xy gch ch c tng 110,hng ro thp thong tr ro kch thc 220x300 mm, mng tng gch.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- Sn: lt gch nem tch 300x300 lp b tng lt M100#, dy 100 - Rnh thot nc B250 xy gch ch c dy 220 va Xm mc 50#. H ga thu nc 600x600. 1.3. Phn cng vic xut Nh thu s t chc lc lng nhn cng, xe my v cung cp vt liu, thit b theo yu cu ca Ch u t hon thnh tt c cng vic v o t, lp t, cng tc kt cu v hon thin, in, nc, chng st, sn, h rnh ngoi nh... nh ch ra trong H s mi thu ca Cng trnh ni trn. 1.4. Tiu chun p dng: Nh thu s tun theo cc tiu chun sau: Quy chun, tiu STT Loi cng tc chun Cng tc trc a trong xy dng cng trnh 1 TCXDVN 309:2004 Yu cu chung Hon thin mt bng xy dng. Quy phm thi 2 TCVN 4516:1988 cng v nghim thu 3 Cng tc t. Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu TCVN 4447:1987 4 Thi cng v nghim thu cc cng tc nn mng TCXD 79:1980 Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi. 5 Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu (tr mc 6.8 TCVN 4453:1995 c thay th bi TCXDVN 305:2004) B tng khi ln. Quy phm thi cng v nghim 6 TCXDVN 305:2004 thu (thay th mc 6.8 ca TCVN 4453-1995) Kt cu B tng v B tng ct thp lp ghp. 7 TCXDVN 390:2007 Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu Li thp hn dng trong kt cu B tng ct 8 thp. Tiu chun thit k thi cng lp t v TCXDVN 267:2002 nghim thu Mi v sn BTCT trong cng trnh xy dng. 9 TCVN 5718:1993 Yu cu k thut chng thm nc Kt cu thp. Gia cng lp t v nghim thu. 10 TCXD 170:1989 Yu cu k thut 11 Kt cu gch . Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu TCVN 4085:1985 Cng tc hon thin trong xy dng. Thi cng 12 TCXDVN 303-2004 v nghim thu Hng dn pha trn v s dng va trong xy 13 TCVN 4459:1987 dng H thng cp thot nc bn trong nh v cng 14 TCVN 4519:1988 trnh. Quy phm thi cng v nghim thuGoi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

H thng cp thot nc. Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu Nghim thu thit b lp t xong. Nguyn tc c bn H thng cha chy. Yu cu chung v thit k, lp t v s dng Quy phm ni t v ni khng cc thit b in Chng st cho cc cng trnh xy dng t ng dn in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng t thit b in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng Thot nc. Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh T chc thi cng Quy phm k thut an ton trong xy dng An ton in trong xy dng. Yu cu chung Dn gio, cc yu cu v an ton. Xi mng Pooclng. Yu cu k thut Xi mng Pooclng hn hp. Yu cu k thut Ct liu dng cho b tng v va. Yu cu k thut Ct liu dng cho b tng v va. Cc phng php th Hn hp b tng trn sn. Cc yu cu c bn nh gi cht lng v nghim thu B tng nng. Ly mu, ch to v bo dng mu th B tng nng. Phng php th st B tng nng. Phng php xc nh cng nn B tng nng. Phng php xc nh cng ko khi un B tng nng. Yu cu dng m t nhin Ct thp b tng cn nng. Thp vn Gch rng t st nung Gch c t st nung Nc trn b tng v va. Yu cu k thut Bulng cng cao dng cho kt cu thp.

TCVN 5576:1991 TCVN 5639:1991 TCVN 5760:1993 TCVN 4756:1989 TCXD 46:1984 TCXD 25:1991 TCXD 27:1991 TCXD 51:1984 TCVN 4055:1985 TCVN 5308:1991 TCVN 4086:85 TCXDVN 296:2004 TCVN 2682:1999 TCVN 6260:1997 TCXDVN 7570:2006 TCXDVN 7572:2006 TCXDVN 374:2006 TCVN 3105:1993 TCVN 3106:1993 TCVN 3118:1993 TCVN 3119:1993 TCXDVN 391:2007 TCVN 6285:1997 TCVN 1450:1998 TCVN 1451:1998 TCXDVN 302:2004 22TCN 204:1991

Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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Yu cu k thut 42 Bu lng, vt, vt cy v ai c. Yu cu k thut TCVN 1916:1995 Thp cc bon cn nng dng trong xy dng. 43 TCVN 5709:1993 Yu cu k thut 44 Thp tm kt cu cn nng TCVN 6522:1999 Que hn in dng cho thp cc bon v thp 45 TCVN 3223:1994 hp kim thp 46 Mi hn h quang in bng tay TCVN 1961:1975 1.5. Vt liu s dng vo cng trnh Tt c vt liu, thit b s dng vo cng trnh ca Nh thu s l mi 100%. Chng loi vt liu theo H s mi thu. Ch dng nhng vt liu khng c hoc theo yu cu phi thay th ca cng vic. Nhng tt c vt liu ny phi c Ch u t ph duyt trc khi s dng thi cng. *Xi mng: i) Xi mng s dng trong cng trnh phi tha mn cc yu cu k thut c bn trnh by di y: - Tha mn qui nh trong tiu chun TCVN 2682:1992. - Cc bao ng xi mng phi kn, khng rch, thng. - Ngy, thng, nm sn xut, s hiu xi mng phi c ghi r rng trn cc bao hoc c giy chng nhn ca nh my sn xut. Nh thu phi cn c vo s hiu xi mng s dng cho ph hp vi yu cu k thut ca cng trnh. ii) Nh thu phi c k hoch s dng xi mng theo l, khi cn thit c th d tr nhng thi gian d tr cc l xi mng khng c qu 03 thng k t ngy sn xut. iii) Nh thu phi tin hnh kim tra cng xi mng i vi cc trng hp sau: - Xi mng d tr qu thi gian quy nh trn hoc xi mng b vn cc trong thi gian d tr. - Do mt nguyn nhn no gy ra s nghi ng v cng xi mng khng p ng vi chng nhn nh my. *: dm dng trong cng trnh phi tun theo tiu chun TCVN 7570:2006. dm ly cc m trong c ly cho php v phi m bo cc iu kin sau: i) Cc loi dm s dng trong cng trnh phi l loi chc c ng knh t 5-70mm. ii) Kch thc ln nht (Dmax) ca phi ph hp vi quy nh di y: - Khng vt qu 2/3 khong cch thc gia 2 thanh ct thp v khng vt qu 1/3 chiu dy nh nht ca kt cu cng trnh.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- Khi b tng bn khng c vt qu 1/3 chiu dy ca bn. - Khi dng my trn b tng c dung tch ln hn 0,5m 3 khng c vt qu 150mm. Khi dng my trn c dung tch b hn 0,5m3 khng c vt qu 70mm. iii) dm dng ch to b tng phi trong phm vi cp phi di y:Kch thc l sng (mm) 100 70 40 20 10 5 Lng st tch ly trn sng, % khi lng, ng vi kch thc ht liu nh nht v ln nht (mm) 5-10 0 0-10 90-100 5-20 0 0-10 40-70 90-100 5-40 0 0-10 40-70 90-100 5-70 0 0-10 40-70 90-100 10-40 0 0-10 40-70 90-100 10-70 0 0-10 40-70 90-100 20-70 0 0-10 40-70 90-100

iv) Cng chu nn ca nham thch lm ra dm phi ln hn 1,5 ln cng chu nn ca b tng c s hiu nh hn 250 v 2 ln i vi b tng c s hiu ln hn 250. Khi lng ring ca khng c nh hn 2,3T/m3. v) S lng cc ht dt v hnh thoi khng ln hn 15% tnh theo khi lng (ht dt v ht hnh thoi l nhng ht c chiu dy hoc chiu ngang nh hn 1/3 chiu di). S lng cc ht mm (yu) trong khng vt qu 10% khi lng. *Ct:Ct s dng trong cng trnh phi tun theo tiu chun: TCVN 7570:2006. C th ct phi m bo cc iu kin sau:

- Ct s dng trong cng trnh phi l hn hp thin nhin ca cc nham thch rn chc (nh thch anh, trng thch...) tan vn ra hoc do s dng thit b nghin nh cc loi trn c ht ct ng knh t 0,14 mm n 5mm. - Thnh phn ht ca ct, i vi ct b tng v ct xy lt phi ph hp vi cc tr s quy nh di y:Kch thc l sng

2,5 mm 1,25 mm 0,63 mm 0,315 mm 0,14 mm Lng qua sng 0,14 mm,Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim

Lng st tch lu trn sng, % khi lng Ct th Ct mn T 0 n 20 0 T 15 n 45 T 0 n 15 T 35 n 70 T 0 n 35 T 65 n 90 T 5 n 65 T 90 n100 T 65 n 90 10 35


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khng ln hn- Ct dng ch to va khng c ln qu 5% khi lng cc ht c kch thc ln hn 5mm. - Trong trng hp ct c nhiu cht bn hn t l bn cho php th phi ra ct c t l bn thch hp trc khi dng.

*Nc: Nc s dng trong cng trnh c dng trong thi cng phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong bng di y:

B tng ca cc kt cu t B tng kh v b tng ct thp v ct thp trn ca cc kt cu t ct Thnh phn ha n kh; b tng di nc v thp v ct thp vng hc v b tng vng mc nc mc nc khng thay thay i i Tng hm lng Mg/lt 4 *Thp: Thp s dng vo cng trnh phi l thp m bo cc iu kin sau: i) Ct thp s dng trong cng trnh phi m bo cc tnh nng k thut quy nh trong tiu chun: TCVN 1651:1985. Thp ct b tng cn nng; TCVN 6285:1997. Ct thp b tng cn nng. Thp vn; Cc tiu chun TCVN 5709:1993; TCVN 6522:1999.ii) Nh thu phi s dng ct thp theo ng yu cu v nhm, s liu v ng knh quy nh trong bn v KT-TC cng trnh. Nh thu ch c php thay th nhm, s hiu hay ng knh ct thp quy nh khi c ph chun ca Ch u t. Tuy nhin trong bt k trng hp no vic thay th cng phi tun theo cc quy nh di y: - Khi thay th nhm v s hiu ct thp phi so snh cng ct thp c s dng trong thc t vi cng tnh ton ca ct thp quy nh trong bn v KT-TC thay i din tch mt ct ngang ct thp mt cch thch ng. - Khi thay i ng knh ct thp trong mt nhm v s hiu th phm vi thay i ng knh khng vt qu 2mm, ng thi din tch mt ct ngang tng cng ca ct thp khng c nh hn 2% v ln hn 3% din tch tng ng ca ct thp quy nh trong bn v KT-TC. iii) Nh thu phi x l ct thp trc khi gia cng m bo tha mn cc yu cu sau: - B mt sch, khng c bn t, du m, sn, khng c vy st, khng g vGoi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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khng c st so. - Din tch mt ct ngang thc t khng b hp, b gim qu 5% din tch mt ct ngang tiu chun. - Thanh thp khng c cong vnh.

*Gch xy: Gch xy phi m bo cc tiu chun: - Th gch phi u khng tch thnh tng lp. - Nhng vin gch dng xy, mt ph ra ngoi phi tht nhn, khng rn nt, u mu, cnh phi thng v sc. - Trong ng gch dng xy, gch non la khng c vt qu 5%, khng c xy gch non tp trung vo mt ch. - Gch phi sch, khng b ru mc v cc cht bn khc. *Va xy trt: Va trn m bo cht lng nh qui nh trong tiu chun TCVN 43142003. Va trn khng s dng qu 30 pht, va c qu thi hn s dng khng trn li dng. *Gch p lt: Gch lt nn trc khi dng lt i tr Nh thu s trinh Ch u t xt duyt v la chn theo H s thit k. Gch lt nn, khu v sinh dng gch chng trn, gch p khu v sinh dng gch men knh. Cac loai gach p, lat u phai theo TCVN 6883-2001; TCVN 6884-2001; TCVN 6884-2001 (ISO 105456:1995); TCVN 7133-2002 va TCVN 7134-2002. *Ca i, ca s: Dng ca nha loi thep, cac bng kinh. Kinh s dung lam ca phai am bao theo TCVN 7218-2002. *Phn in, chng st: - Dy dn in s dng dy in rut li ng, t chun theo TCVN 6610/ICE227; ISO 9001-2008. - H thng bo v, cng tc, cm, dng loi lin danh t theo TCVN 6610/ICE227; ISO 9001-2008. - H thng thu li chng st vi in tr 10, phai am bao theo TCXDVN 26-2007. *Phn cp thot nc: ng cp nc dng ng thp trng km Vinapipe; ng thot nc dng ng nha Tin phong hoc loi c cht lng tng ng. Tt ca vt liu dung cho cp thoat nc phai am bao theo TCVN 4519-1998; TCVN 5576-1991. *B tng: Ton b b tng s dng cho cng trnh l b tng trn ti ch bng my trn 250 lt hoc 350 lt. B tng mng, c ct ging mng dng b tng M200.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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B tng sn khu ph, dm, khung, ct, b nc ngm dng BT mc M200. Ton b cc cng tc b tng c thc hin ung theo TCXDVN 374-2006. II. BIN PHAP THI CNG 2.1. C s lp bin php thi cng Thng bo mi thu ca UBND x Nam Vim, km theo H s yu cu: Xy lp Nh vn thn Nam Vim. Lut u thu s: 61/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc hi; Quy nh v qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng, ban hnh theo Ngh nh s: 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph; Ngh nh s: 49/2008/N-CP ngy 18/4/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP; Cc tiu chun k thut TCVN hin hnh. iu kin v nng lc cua Nh thu. 2.2. Bin php thi cng chung 2.2.1. T chc cng trng Sau khi nhn c thng bo trng thu, Nh thu cng Ch u t k kt hp ng kinh t. Trn c s HKT k kt Nh thu s tin hnh trin khai cng vic theo hp ng. Tip nhn mt bng do Ch u t bn giao, trn c s tim mc v cc ti liu thit k c bn giao Nh thu tin hnh o nh v cng trnh. y chng ti b tr lc lng qun l v cn b k thut hp l cho cng trng, c th nh sau: - Mt K s Xy dng dn dng v cng nghip c kinh nghim thi cng lu nm lm Ch huy trng ti cng trng. - Mt t i ng k s lm cn b k thut ph trch cc phn vic chnh ti cng trnh: Gim st thi cng, qun l cht lng in, nc, my mc, an ton lao ng, kim tra cht lng tng phn vic v cht lng chung... - Mt i ng cng nhn lnh ngh k thut cao thuc bin ch Cng ty, tng tham gia nhiu cng trnh t cht lng cao. Trc khi vo lm vic s c t chc hc an ton lao ng v k hp ng lao ng vi tng cng nhn. - Chun b lc lng, thnh lp cng trng c b my ch huy, cn b k thut, kinh t, vt t... iu ng cc n v cng nhn theo yu cu tin cng vic. - Trin khai lc lng thi cng c gii tin hnh cng tc o t, nn mng v cc vic tip theo. - B tr mt bng t chc thi cng: Do cng trnh nm trong khu vc tp trung dn c v vy vic b tr thi cng phi tuyt i khng lm nh hng n cc khu vc hin hu ln cn. - Lm vic vi Ch u t v cc c quan c hp ng cp in nc.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- Lm vic vi chnh quyn a phng thc hin cc qui nh ca a phng v trt t an ton x hi, v sinh mi trng, phng chng chy n... - Nh thu s ngn cch Cng trnh xy dng vi bn ngoi bng hng ro c quy kn bng li B40 ph bt m bo trt t, v sinh. M 1 cng chnh cho cng nhn, xe my i vo thi cng. 2.2.2. Bin php m bo tin thi cng Cn c yu cu tin xy dng cng trnh m Ch u t ra, Nh thu xin thc hin ton b khi lng cc cng vic nu trong H s mi thu. p ng yu cu thi gian thi cng c Ch u t n nh, Nh thu la chn phng n thi cng ti u t tin nhanh nht vi cc bin php c th nh sau: - Lp tng tin thi cng v tin thi cng chi tit tun, thng c Ch u t chp thun. Tin thi cng th hin khi lng, s lng, thi gian, chng loi, vt t, thit b, xe my, nhn lc... c iu ng theo k hoch tin phc v c hiu qu v kp thi. - T chc ch o iu hnh sn xut cht ch theo k hoch - tin , phn cng b tr nhn lc, s dng thit b xe my hp l, phi hp nhp nhng gia cc b phn, b tr cn b c tinh thn trch nhim cao, c chuyn mn nghip v vng vng, s dng lc lng cng nhn c tay ngh kh, k lut lao ng tt. - C bin php khuyn khch ngi lao ng a nng sut lao ng ln cao v tng thu nhp, tr lng kp thi. - p dng cng ngh thi cng tin tin v thit b hin i hiu sut cao (dng h gin gio chng t hp, gin gio trt, cc cng c v dng c cm tay thun tin, nng sut cao). - S dng khi lng van khun, gin gio ln s dng cho nhiu tng mt lc, thi cng tng trn cha tho van khun va gin gio cc tng di. - Ct thp, van khun v cc chi tit t sn gia cng trc rt ngn thi gian chun b khi b tng. - B tr thi cng theo dy chuyn cng ngh hp l gia cc cng on thi cng, gia cc phn vic xy th, hon thin, in, nc... - Nghin cu k thit k, thi cng theo ng thit k v tiu chun k thut lm u c y, khng phi ph i lm li. - Hng ngy cui gi lm vic Ban ch huy cng trng hp giao ban vi cn b ch cht kim im cng vic trong ngy v tin khi lng cng vic, cht lng v an ton lao ng, ng thi bn vic cho ngy hm sau. - Trn c s k hoch, tin c duyt Ban ch huy cng trng thc hin ch o sn xut theo tin tun. Hng tun hp giao ban A - B kim im vic thc hin tin , cht lng... Nu chm th tun tip theo phi tngGoi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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cng lc lng thit b xe my, nhn lc lm b khi lng ca tun trc chm. 2.2.3. Bin php m bo cht lng tn ti v pht trin Nh thu phi gi uy tn, cht lng sn phm. Cng nh xc nh y l mt hng mc cng trnh quan trng. V vy Nh thu s xy dng cng trnh vi cht lng cao, vi cc bin php c th c hiu qu nh: - Thc hin ng v y cc qui nh trong "Quy nh v Qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng" ban hnh km theo Ngh nh s: 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph; Ngh nh s: 49/2008/N-CP ngy 18/4/2008 ca Chnh ph; Thng t s: 27/2009/TT-BXD ngy 31/7/2009 ca B Xy dng. - Thc hin y v ng cc yu cu ca Ch u t trong H s mi thu v HKT k kt gia Ch u t v Nh thu. - Thc hin y cc th tc nghim thu cht lng cng trnh ca tng cng vic, hng mc v nghim thu ton b cng trnh a vo s dng, c y h s k thut, bn v hon cng, cc bin bn nghim thu. - Thc hin m bo cht lng vt t, thit b lp t c chng ch cht lng do c quan chuyn ngnh c thm quyn cp. - st ca hn hp b tng c kim tra ti hin trng theo qui nh: tin. i vi b tng trn ti hin trng thc hin o st ngay m trn u

Khi trn v b tng trong thi tit v m vt liu n nh th kim tra mt ln trong mt ca. Khi c s thay i chng loi v m vt liu cng nh thnh phn cp phi b tng th phi kim tra ngay m trn u tin, sau kim tra thm t nht mt ln trong mt ca. Cc mu b tng c ly v bo dng m ti cng trng theo tiu chun TCVN 4453-1995 v TCVN 3105-1993. Cng trnh c b tng khi khng ln nn Nh thu p dng qui nh theo tiu chun TCVN 4453-1995 Ct thp c ly mu th theo ch nh ca k s gim st. Nh thu dng cc loi vt liu m bo cc yu cu v cht lng do thit k v Ch u t ra (xem mc bin php m bo cht lng) 2.2.4. Bin php t chc mt bng thi cng - phc v thi cng cng trnh trong sut thi gian thi cng chng ti s b tr cc cng trnh tm nh sau: + Vn phng tm v kho xi mng, vt liu ph vi din tch khong 50m2, vn phng 20m2 l ni iu hnh tt cc cc hot ng thi cng trn cng trng...Kho kn cha vt t cho thi cngGoi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- Nh thu s b tr kho kn cha xi mng v cc vt t qu bng ln tri. Ngoi ra s dng mt s ln tri tm che chn nng ma lm kho cha vt liu cng knh nh thp, g v lm ni gia cng vn khun thp ti hin trng, v.v - Cc loi vt liu s c k xp ng quy trnh bo qun v ng v tr trn mt bng thi cng, thp c k cao v xp theo loi, cc thit b ko un st, hn ni v sp xp sn phm trc khi s dng vo cng trnh. - Gch c xp theo kiu v vn chuyn vo cng trnh khi cn s dng n. - Gio chuyn dng bng thp s c cung ng n cng trng theo tng t thi cng cc phn vic v c xp gn, c phn loi t hp bo dng ti hin trng. - Vn chuyn vt liu ln cao chng ti d kin s dng mt my vn thng. 2.2.5. Tnh ton v b tr in nc thi cng in, nc cn cung cp cho cng vic thi cng cng trnh nh ni trn, Nh thu tnh ton lng tiu th in, nc thi cng cng trnh ti thi im s dng trn cng trnh l ln nht. T Nh thu s b tr cc loi my bm, my pht in, cp dn in v ng ng nc phc v tt cho cng vic thi cng cng trnh. *in thi cng: - c ngun in thi cng trc tin cn phi phi hp vi Ch u t, c quan qun l in ca khu vc k hp ng cp in phc v thi cng cng trnh. T nh c im cp in c nh, Nh thu s ko 1 l 3 pha bng cp cao su, i ni trn ct treo cao >4,5m dn n cu dao tng ca cng trnh. Qua cc cu dao ph ti in n cc im thi cng. in thi cng s c lp t theo ng quy trnh quy phm chung v chuyn ngnh hin hnh. Nh thu c cn b v cng nhn chuyn mn v in qun l theo di kim tra thng xuyn sa sang tu b ng dy, thit b theo ng qui phm an ton, ti cu dao tng c t ng h o in phc v vic s dng tit kim hp l v thanh ton chi ph in. Vi nhu cu s dng in tnh ton trn Nh thu b tr 1 my pht in d phng 85KVA m bo cung cp in lin tc cho cng trng hot ng thi cng v sinh hot. *Nc thi cng: Nh thu s lm vic v k hp ng cung cp nc sch vi Ch u t v c quan qun l nc phc v cho thi cng v sinh hot ca cng trng. B tr my bm ng, y nc thi cng ln tng trn phc v cho vic lm sch, bo dng b tng v phng chng chy trong qu trnh thi cng. Nh thu c bin php m bo dng nc tit kim, thu thot nc thi tt, trnh ly li mt bng.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- m bo c lng nc thi cng theo tnh ton th Nh thu cn t khoan ging. Ging khoan cng h thng lc nc m bo tiu chun cp nc phc v cng tc thi cng v sinh hot trn cng trng. - Thot nc cng trnh: B tr rnh thot nc mt, dng my bm ra h thng thot nc. 2.2.6. Cng tc nh v cng trnh v sai s cho php 2.2.6.1. Cng tc nh v Ch u t phi cung cp cho Nh thu cc s liu c lin quan n im mc chun cng trnh c s dng. Trn c s mc chun ca Ch u t bn giao cho, chng ti tin hnh xy dng mng li nh v chun cho cng trnh trong sut qu trnh thi cng. Trc khi tin hnh thi cng cng trnh v cc b phn ca cng trnh, Nh thu s tin hnh nh v v tr v cao theo bn v thit k, ng thi Nh thu s trnh vi Ch u t, T vn gim st xt duyt. Nh thu s tin hnh xy dng mng li H thng tim ca li ct c xc nh bng my ton c (hoc my kinh v), h thng ny c bn gi ln cc vt c nh hoc lm ct mc b tng t cch trc bin ca cng trnh m bo khng b x dch trong qu trnh thi cng. Cao chun ca cng trnh c xc nh trn c s quy nh ct ca Ch u t. Nh thu dng my thu bnh xc nh v cao chun ca cng trnh c bn gi vo cc vt c nh bn ngoi cng trnh sau bn chuyn vo cng trnh. Cng tc nh v mt bng cng trnh s c hon thnh trc khi bt u thi cng. 2.2.6.2. Sai s cho php - Sai s ca tt c cng tc thi cng phi tun theo cc qui nh trong Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam v Qun l cht lng thi cng v nghim thu. - nhm m bo chnh xc cao cho cng trnh, Nh thu s phi hp tt nht vi cc bn lin quan trong cng tc kim tra v nghim thu. 2.2.7. Cng tc thi cng cc cng vic di ct 0.00 - Nh thu s tm hiu k v tip thu s ch dn ca Ch u t v tnh hnh cc cng trnh ngm nu c di mt bng cng trnh nh cp in lc, thng tin lin lc, h thng cp thot nc, bom, mn, v.v. . . Nu c cc nh hng n cng trnh ngm th cng Ch u t v cc c quan hu quan gii quyt kp thi theo quy nh ca Nh nc. - Cng tc bao gm: Thi cng mng nh, b nc ngm, b pht v h thng cp in ngm, h thng cp thot nc, x l nn mng... - Cc kt cu di ct 0,00 c lp bn v hon cng v nghim thu trc khi lp kn. 2.2.8. Dn v sinh cng trngGoi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- Nh thu tin hnh dn dp, chun b mt bng cho l khi cng, cng nh dn dp, chun b mt bng thi cng ngay. - Cng vic v sinh cng trnh c chuyn ph thi xy dng ra khi cng trng n bi thi qui nh ca a phng v cng ty mi trng th. - Vic v sinh bao gm dn sch tt c cc cy ci trn cng trng, rc xy dng... - Cc vt liu ph hp cho vic trng cy cnh s c Nh thu li, cc vt liu khc s c Nh thu dn sch, Nh thu s chu cc chi ph v vic dn v sinh. - Cc cng trnh ph tr Nh thu thu dn sch s tr li mt bng cho Ch u t trc khi bn giao cng trnh. III. BIN PHAP THI CNG CHI TIT 3.1. Cng tc t Nha thu se tun thu tuyt i theo TCVN 4447-1987. 3.1.1. Bin php thi cng o t - Trc khi o t, tt c rc, gc r cy v vt liu tha s c Nh thu chuyn ra khi cng trng. Sau khi dn sch khu vc o t, tt c cc lp t pha trn s c chuyn ra khi khu vc o v mt phn gi li cho vic s dng li. Nh thu s o n su nh bn v thit k. Trng hp o su hn phi c s ch dn ca Ch u t. Sau khi o n su thit k, Ch u t s nghim thu v kim tra. - Khng lp trong khu vc o cho n khi Ch u t nghim thu v ph duyt. - Qua kho st thc t vi ct t t nhin v vi thit k chiu su t mng. Nh thu tnh c chiu su cn o mng, vi chiu su h o v khi lng t phi o Nh thu dng my o o t v vn chuyn t tha bng t t 5T. Nhng v tr my khng o c v sa thnh h o th tin hnh bng th cng. 3.1.2. Bin php chng ng ngp trong qu trnh o - Nh thu s bo v tt c khu vc o nc ngm v nc ma c th thot ra nhanh chng khng nh hng n cht lng cng vic. - Nh thu s c bin php thot nc trnh ng ngp, lm rnh thot, k t chng st l. Nc h mng chy vo rnh thot nc thu v h thu v bm thot theo ng rnh ra h thng thot nc ca khu vc. 3.1.3. Lp t, m t Khu vc lp t s c m cht vi m cht khng nh hn 95% ca m cht khi lp t v c xc nh t vic th nghim. Pha di h mng khng cho php ng ngp, cc vt liu di lp y mng khng ph hp s c thay th bng ct v m cht.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


H s d thu

Vic lp t c lp tng lp vi chiu dy khng qu 300 mm v c m cht. Nh thu s san gt tng lp sau dng my m cc m t. 3.2. Cng tc b tng ct thp 3.2.1. Yu cu chung v cng tc thi cng b tng ct thp 3.2.1.1. Khi qut chung Nh thu s p dng tiu chun TCVN 4453-1995; TCXDVN 305-2004 va TCXDVN 390-2004. Nh thu s chun b v trnh ln Ch u t. Trc khi bt u cng vic b tng, Nh thu s thc hin cng vic b tng theo s ch dn v nhng yu cu ca Ch u t. Khng b tng khi cha c vn bn ph duyt ca Ch cng trnh. 3.2.1.2. Vt liu Vt liu dng cho b tng ct thp gm c: Xi mng, ct vng, dm, ct thp, nc v t l pha trn. Cc vt liu ny khi s dng Nh thu m bo tho mn cc yu cu v quy nh, quy phm v tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam nh nu Mc 1.4 [Tiu chun p dng]. 3.2.1.3. Yu cu chung v ct thp - Ct thp s dng trong b tng ng theo bn v thit k v chng loi, s lng, cht lng v ng knh. - Trc khi s dng Nh thu s a kt qu kim tra cht lng cho t vn, Ch u t. - Trc khi gia cng, ct thp c chun b v kim tra theo cc quy nh di y: + B mt phi c lm sch, khng dnh bn, t, du m hay sn. + Khng c khuyt tt g trn b mt. + Mc thp, ng knh ct thp phi bo m ng theo thit k. + Trc khi gia cng, ct thp c nn thng, phi c kim tra ct thp trc khi b tng. Kim tra kch thc ct thp, mi hn (khng b ni bt, b mt phng nhn & lin mch), im un, s lng thp, thp ch... Ct thp phi tun theo thit k. - Kim tra ct thp: C chng ch ct thp c cung cp ng yu cu, ng u v kch thc v tit din, ng ng knh yu cu, m bo yu cu thit k; - Mt ngoi ct thp: B mt sch, khng b gim tit din cc b trn 2% ng knh; - Ct v un: m bo quy trnh k thut; - Ct thp un: Sai lch khng vt qu sai s cho php;



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- Hn ct thp: Thit b hn m bo cc thng s k thut; m bo bc th hn; b mt mi hn nhn, khng chy, khng t qung, khng thu hp cc b v khng bt, m bo chiu dy v chiu cao ng hn; - Thp ch v chi tit t sn: m bo yu cu quy nh ca thit k; - Ni buc ct thp: m bo chiu di ni chng theo quy nh; - Lp t ct thp: Lp dng ng quy trnh k thut; chng loi, v tr, s lng v kch thc theo ng thit k; sai s trong phm vi cho php; - Con k: c bng va btng M200, c chiu dy bng lp bo v ct thp nh dm ging mng dy 35mm, dm sn dy 20mm; - Chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp: Theo quy nh ca thit k v sai lch trong phm vi cho php; - Thay i ct thp: Khi c s thay i ct thp phi c s nht tr ca thit k v Ch u t . Khng qut nc ximng ln ct thp phng g trc khi b tng ct thp. Nhng on thp ch tha ra ngoi khi b tng ct thp ln trc phi lm sch b mt, co ht va ximng dnh bm trc khi b tng ct thp ln sau. Ct thp c bo qun ring theo tng nhm v phi c bin php chng n mn, chng g, chng bn. Ct thp c ct gi di mi che v xp thnh ng phn bit theo s hiu, ng knh, chiu di v m hiu tin vic s dng. khng xp ln ln gia ct thp g v ct thp cha g. trng hp phi xp ct thp ngoi tri th k mt u cao v mt u thp trn nn cng v khng c c mc. ng ct thp phi k cao hn mt nn t nht l 30 cm, khng xp cao qu 1,2 m v rng qu 2 m. 3.2.2. Yu cu chung v cng tc vn khun Ti cng trnh ny chng ti s dng vn khun thp kt hp vi vn khun g v vt liu a phng. - Vn khun v h ging, chng u c thit k trc v s c gia cng theo bn v. Nh thu c trch nhim thit k cu trc v tho d vn khun. Nhng vn khun b li, khng c lm sch, khng ph hp s khng c s dng. Nhng tm vn khun hng, v, b li s c chuyn khi cng trng. - Vn khun dm v sn c thit k c vng thi cng theo cng thc f=3L/1000. Cc b phn chu lc ca gio khng ni. Cc thanh ging c tnh ton v b tr thch hp m bo ton b h thng vn khun gio n nh. - Vn khun chn u cc khi m bo kn, kht, n nh, m bo hnh dng, kch thc ca mch ngng theo qui nh ca thit k.



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- Trc khi b tng, b mt b tng s c lm sch bng vi bm nc. - Vn khun s c kim tra trc khi b tng. - Vn khun phi c ghp kn kht, cht khng b mt nc ximng. *Yu cu kim tra i vi vn khun lp dng Vn khun lp dng cn phi kim tra theo cc yu cu sau v sai lch khng c vt qu tr s cho php. - Hnh dng v kch thc, cu kin; - Kt cu vn khun, chc chn, n nh; - phng gia cc tm ghp ni; - kn, kht gia cc tm vn khun, gia vn khun v mt nn; - Chi tit chn ngm v t sn; - Chng dnh vn khun; - V sinh b mt vn khun; - nghing, v tr, cao v kch thc hnh hc vn khun; - m ca vn khun g; - cng v n nh. *Mt s yu cu k thut i vi dn gio - Gin gio phi chc chn n nh; - Cc ct g phi lin kt vi cc thanh ging ngang, ging dc v ging cho gi cho gin gio khng b bin dng, cc mi lin kt phi chc chn. - Phi c lan can an ton. *Lp t tho d vn khun Vn khun gio c tho d khi b tng t cng thit k kt cu chu c trng lng bn thn v cc ti trng tc ng khc trong giai on thi cng sau, c th theo ch dn ca bng trong tiu chun TCVN; Khi tho d vn khun gio trnh khng gy ng sut t ngt hoc va chm mnh lm h hi n kt cu b tng. Cng b tng khi c php tho d vn khun, nu thit k khng c ch dn c bit th Nh thu thc hin theo TCVN 4453-1995. Cc kt cu vng, consol, s n ch tho ct chng v vn khun y khi cng b tng t mc thit k v c i trng chng lt. Khi tho d vn khun gio cc tm sn b tng ton khi s thc hin nh sau: - Tho d tng b phn ct chng vn khun ca tm sn pha di na v gi li cc ct chng an ton cch nhau 3 m di dm.



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- Vic cht ti tng phn ln kt cu sau khi tho d vn khun gio s c tnh ton theo cng b tng t c, loi kt cu v c trng ti trng trnh cc vt nt v cc h hng khc i vi kt cu. - Vic cht ti ton b ln cc kt cu sau khi tho d vn khun gio ch c thc hin khi b tng cng thit k. 3.2.3. Yu cu chung v cng tc b tng Trc khi b tng Nh thu s chun b v trnh ln Ch u t ph duyt, Nh thu s c trch nhim v cht lng sn phm b tng: Khng b tng mng, ct, sn... Khi cha c nghim thu v ph duyt ca Ch u t. B tng c trn theo mc thit k. Cp phi v cng do phng th nghim ca Nh thu hoc phng th nghim do Ch u t ch nh tnh ton v xc nh. Nh thu v bn cung cp b tng cng c trch nhim gim st vic thc hin cp phi v sn xut b tng. Cng v kt qu do phng th nghim a ra phi c chp nhn. Cng b tng l cng ti thiu c chp nhn theo qui trnh k thut trn c s kt qu th nghim. Nh thu s trn b tng bng my trn v chuyn n cng trng bng xe chuyn dng. st c kim tra tng m trn. Thi gian t khi trn n khi b tng khng qu 45 pht. b tng phi trnh s phn tng v chuyn v ca ct thp v vn khun. B tng c lin tc v nu c mch ngng th mch ngng theo v tr thit k. Vi bt che ma s c chun b phng khi c ma. *Cng tc b tng bao gm: Chun b vt liu cho b tng; Xc nh thnh phn cp phi cho tng loi mc b tng v m trn: - Trn b tng; - Vn chuyn b tng t ni trn n ni ; - b tng vo vn khun, san ri v m b tng; - Bo dng b tng; - Tho d vn khun; - Trc khi b tng phi kim tra nghim thu vn khun, ct thp, h thng sn thao tc m bo yu cu k thut; - Lm sch vn khun, ct thp, sa cha nhng khuyt tt sai st. - Ti nc trc vo vn khun, dng vt liu mng tri sn chng dnh b tng vo ct pha. - Trc khi b tng ln lp va kh trc phi lm sch mt b tng, nh sm, ti lp nc h xi mng ln ;Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- m bo cung cp va b tng lin tc theo d kin k hoch tin : + Khng ch chiu cao b tng khng vt qu 2,5m; + Phi b tng t trn xung; khng lm sai lch ct thp; + Phi b tng t xa n gn so vi v tr tip nhn va b tng, khng dng m di chuyn ngang b tng; + Khi b tng cc khi ln, kt cu c chiu dy ln phi thnh nhiu lp, chiu dy ln nht cho php ca mi lp theo bng trn. Khong thi gian ngng gia cc lp b tng khng c ph gia khng c ln hn tr s ca bng sau: Thi gian ngng cho php khi b tng khng c ph gia (pht) Nhit trong khi khi Xi mng Poc lng Xi mng Poc lng x, 0 b tng ( C) xi mng Puzolan Ln hn 30 60 90 90 120 20 30 135 180 10 20 *Cng tc m b tng Vic m b tng s m bo cc yu cu sau: - Dng cc loi m khc nhau, nhng phi m bo sao cho sau khi m, b tng c m cht v khng b r. - Thi gian m ti mi v tr khong cch gia cc v tr phi ph hp vi tnh nng ca m v phi m bo cho b tng c m k (khi va ximng ni ln b mt v bt kh khng cn na) v phi kt thc cng tc m cht b tng trc khi ximng bt u lin kt. *Bo dng b tng - Bo dng b tng to iu kin ng cng ca b tng c thun li: Khng b mt nc b mt, khng cho chu lc tc ng khi b tng cha chu c lc tc ng, khng b rung ng lm gim lin kt gia b tng v ct thp. - Thi gian bo dng m theo quy nh. *X l cc khuyt tt trong b tng: Nh thu p dng mi bin php thi cng b tng cu kin b tng sau khi thod vn khun khng c khuyt tt. Nu c nhng khuyt tt nh v khng gy nh hng ti kh nng chu lc ca kt cu th nh thu s c phng n x l nh mc s l cc sai st trong thi cng. 3.2.4. Cc cng tc b tng ct thp ca cc b phn, chi tit 3.2.4.1. Thi cng b tng mng *Cng tc ct thp mng:Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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Cng tc ct thp mng, c tin hnh sau khi xong lp b tng lt mng, hnh dng, kch thc v cu to ct thp ca mng c thi cng theo ng bn v thit k. C m k ct thp m bo dy lp bo v ct thp. m k ct thp c c bng b tng vi kch thc 6x6x3,5cm cho mng v 5x5x3cm cho ging mng, m k ny c t dy thp lin kt vi ct thp. Cng tc gia cng ct thp c tin hnh ti cc xng gia cng, sau a xung lp dng ti hin trng. Trc khi lp ct thp mng ta phi xc nh chnh xc tim trc trn mt bng b tng lt mng. Cng tc buc ct thp mng c dng li ch ct thp giao nhau dng dy thp 1mm V tr ca ct thp ch ct c c nh vng chc nu khng khi b tng c th b x dch gy kh khn cho vic ni ct thp ct, nh hng n cht lng cng trnh. *Cng tc vn khun mng: Sau khi lp xong ct thp ta tin hnh dng vn khun mng. Vn khun mng gm c cc mng ghp vi nhau, pha ngoi hp dng vng chng, cc g c nh li. Vn khun mng c dng l vn khun g. Trnh t ghp vn khun mng nh sau: - nh v y mng v tim mng bng my kinh v (hoc may toan ac). - Dng h vn thnh bng cch lin kt cc tm vn g li bng cch dng np g. Lp t di lp ln. - C nh h vn khun bng cc gng ai v thanh chng. Khi dng h vn khun xong tin hanh nghim thu b tng. *Cng tc b tng mng: Sau khi nghim thu vn khun va ct thp tin hnh b tng mng. B tng mng c trn theo mc thit k v trn bng may trn tai cng trng, sau vn chuyn n v tr bng th cng vo mng, mi lp dy 20 - 30 cm sau tin hnh m. Lp sau v lp trc phi lin kt vi nhau trnh phn tng. Sau khi b tng xong, b tng ng cng, ta tin hnh bo dng thng xuyn bng cch ti nc, hai ngy sau khi b tng th tho vn khun v tip tc bo dng. 3.2.4.2. Cng tc b tng ct thp ct, dm, sn khu ph *Gia cng ct thp: - Ct ct thp: Ly mc ct ct thp cc thanh ring l th dng thc bng thp cun v nh du bng phn. Dng thc di o, trnh dng thc ngn phng sai s tch lu khi o. - ct ct thp dng my ct. My ny thao tc n gin, dch chuyn d dng, nng sut tng i cao. - Un ct thp: Vi cc thanh thp c ng knh nh dng vam v tht un un. Tht un c ng inh c nh vo bn g d thi cng.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- Thao tc: Khi un cc thanh thp phc tp ta cn phi un th. Trc tin phi ly du, lu dn di cu ct thp. Khi un cn nh du ln bn un tu theo kch thc tng on ri cn c vo du un. - i vi cc thanh c ng knh ln dng my un. N c mt thit b ch yu l mm un. Mm un lm bng thp c, trn mm c l, l gia cm trc tm, l xung quanh cm trc un. Khi mm quay trc tm v trc un u quay nh c th nn c thp. *Lp t ct thp: - i vi ct thp ct: Ct thp c gia cng ti xng cng trng, ct un theo ng hnh dng kch thc thit k. Xp t b tr theo tng chng loi thun tin cho thi cng. thi cng thun tin, qu trnh buc ct thp phi tin hnh trc khi ghp vn khun. m bo khong cch cn thit cho cc lp b tng bo v ct thp, dng cc ming m ci vo cc ct ai. Khong cch gia chng khong 1m. - i vi ct thp dm, sn: Vic t ct thp dm sn cn tin hnh xen k vi cng tc vn khun. Sau khi t xong vn khun y dm, buc ct thp dm thnh khung ng vi yu cu thit k, tin hnh ghp ct pha thnh dm. Thp sn c a ln thnh tng b ng chiu di thit k v tin hnh ghp buc ngay trn mt bng sn. Khi buc xong ct thp cn t cc ming k m bo chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp. m k c kch thc 50x50x20mm c dy thp lin kt. Trc khi thc hin cc cng tc ct thp phi nghim thu vn khun. * Cng tc vn khun ct dm sn: - S dng h thng dn gio vn khun thp sn c ca Cng ty. - Xp vn theo th t, theo b phn cng trnh v thi gian s dng tin ly khi dng n. - B mt vn c lm sch trc khi lp dng, phng m bo ghp kn kht, nc xi mng khng chy ra ngoi khi b tng. - Vn dng li ln sau phi co sch b tng, bn, t c, sa cha cc h hng, bi cht chng dnh ln b mt vn. - B mt phi sa cho tht phng th mi s dng. *Lp dng vn khun ct: - Vn khun ct s dng l vn khun thp c kch thc ph hp vi kch thc mt ct, ghp li t nhiu tm. i vi ct trn th ta dng hai tm bng na ng trn ghp li. Trng hp khng ph hp kch thc th ghp cc tm thp hoc g vo nhng ch thiu. - Phi t l ca thnh ct b tng, m bo chiu cao ri t do ca b tng khng vt qu 2,5m. - Chn ct phi 1 l ca nh lm v sinh trc khi b tng .



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- Vn khun ct c lp sau khi ghp ct thp ct. Lc u ghp 3 mt vn vi nhau, a vo v tr mi ghp nt tm vn cn li. - gi cho vn khun n nh, ta c nh chng bng dn gio, cc thanh ct chng xin v ging chng tng iu chnh ct. Nh c cc chi tit thp t sn nn sn. - a vn khun ct vo ng v tr thit k cn thc hin theo cc bc sau: + Xc nh tim ngang v dc ca ct, vch mt ct ca ct ln nn, ghim khung nh v chn vn khun ct. + Dng 3 mt vn ghp li vi nhau vo v tr, ghp tm cn li, chng s b, di kim tra tim v cnh, chng v neo k. + Kim tra li thng ng chun b b tng. Ta dng lun gng lm np cho vn khun ct. Cc gng ny bao gm: Hai thanh thp ch L c lin kt v cch nhau mt khong 3cm bng mt tm m gia c hn vi hai thanh. Sau khi dng xong vn khun, ta bt u lp gng. Hai thanh thp ch L c t i din nhau v m ly vn khun, chng c neo cht vi nhau bng 2 bulng c ai c xit cht x qua khe gia hai thanh thp mp v hai thanh thp nh mt vng m. T cc mc gi xc nh tim ct ta a vn khun chnh xc vo v tr cn lp t. Lp cc gng gia c cho vn ct. iu chnh ct thng ng ta dng di v tng . Bn trn vn khun ct ta c nh tm 4 thanh thp 10 theo 2 phng ca tit din ct. T mp ngoi vn khun ta o ra 1 on bng a ti y ta s buc qu ri. Tng c c nh 1 u vo gng u ct, 1 u c c nh vo cc mc st ch sn di sn. Ti chn ct ta vch nhng ng thng cch chn ct mt on bng a. Dng tng iu chnh sao cho qu ri ch ng ng ny l ct thng. Ta c nh ct bng cc thanh chng n, mt u chng vo gng ct, mt u chng vo thanh g ngang ta trn hai mc st t sn ch di sn. i vi cc ct bin, cn c bit ch h thng tng neo. *i vi phn dm sn: Sau khi lp dng xong h gio ch A ca dm, lp h x g dc theo phng cnh dm. Sau lp dng h x g ph bn trn h x g chnh. Cng dy xc nh tim dm. iu chnh cao ca dm bng m, chn gio. t vn y dm, vn y dm c t ln h x g ph. Sau khi t thp dm (thp dm t nhng con k m bo chiu dy lp bo v) ta lp dng vn thnh. Dng thanh chng bng g vng chng. Sau khi lp xong vn dm ta mi tin hnh lp vn sn. Phi chng dng cc dm (x g chnh v ph). Cc vn khun sn c lt kn trn dm . Kim tra li thng bng cao trnh ca cp pha sn da vo my thu bnh.



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Cc bc tin hnh: t h vn khun sn trn x g c t trn m gio. Sau khi iu chnh xong cao ca h x g, ta t vn sn ln v y chng st vo vn dim. ta kim tra bng phng ca vn bng thc nivo v iu chnh u gio. Khi tin hnh iu chnh xong ton b th bt u t ct thp. *Cng tc b tng ct dm sn: B tng s dng y l b tng trn ti cng trng. Khi tin hnh cng tc b tng s tun theo cc yu cu chung nh sau: - B tng trn theo ng mc thit k, Nh thu b tr 02 my trn 350 lt di ng. - Tin hnh b tng bng vn thng, xe ci tin c sn cng tc cho xe vo. - Khng c b tng ri t do qu 2,5m. - Chiu dy mi lp b tng phi m bo m thu sut lin kt cc lp b tng c chc. - B tng phi lin tc ti u m ngay ti . Khi cn dng, phi dng qu trnh b tng nhng mch dng ng quy nh. Trc khi phi tin hnh dn ra sch chn ct, nh sm b mt b tng c ri mi . Kim tra li vn khun. *B tng ct: Do chiu cao ct ln hn 2,5m nn b tng qua ca b tng ch sn. B tng c m bng m di, chiu dy mi lp m t 20 - 40cm, m lp sau phi n xung lp trc 5-10cm. Thi gian m ti mt v tr ph thuc vo my m, khong 30-40 giy. Trong khi b tng c th g nh ln thnh vn khun tng nn cht ca b tng. b tng ct b tr cc gio, sn cng tc cnh ct vi h lan can an ton. *B tng dm sn: - Sau khi nghim thu xong vn khun th tin hnh v sinh sn bng my bm nc thi sch bi bn dm sn mi tin hnh b tng. - Trc khi b tng sn cn phi nh du cc cao b tng (c th bng cc mu st c cao bng chiu dy sn, khi qua th rt b) m bo chiu dy thit k ca sn. - Cng nh ct, khi lp b tng mi ln lp b tng c th phi nh sm, dn v sinh sch mt tip xc gia hai lp, dng vi nc ra sch bi. - Khi b tng khng theo hng tin, b tng d b phn tng m nn t xa n gn lp sau p ln lp trc trnh phn tng, t thp ln cao.



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- Khi cn thit phi dng qu trnh b tng phi dng ti nhng v tr quy nh, c lc ct v m men nh. Mch ngng thng ng (xem chi tit bn v thi cng). - Sau khi b tng xong, tin hnh bo dng b tng sau 25 gi bng cch ti nc gi m cho b tng. - Ch c php i li trn b tng khi b tng t cng 50kg/cm2. 3.2.4.3. Mch ngng thi cng trong cng tc thi cng b tng Nh thu s b tr mch ngng thi cng nh sau: - i vi ct, nh thu s mch ngng ti v tr cch y dm 50mm. - i vi dm sn, cu thang thi Nh thu quyt nh chn gii php thi cng lin tc khng mch ngng thi cng trn sn nhm m bo tnh ton khi cho dm, sn. - p ng khi lng thi cng, Nh thu se huy ng nhiu my trn b tng tai cng trnh vi y cc xe vn chuyn, xe cu b tng c th phc v lin tc sut ngy m. i vi cng nhn, Nh thu s b tr lao ng theo ca thi cng lin tc cho n khi b tng xong tng sn. - Trong trng hp khng th thi cng lin tc nh thi tit xu . . . th Nh thu s b tr mch ngng thi cng theo quy nh, quy phm ca b tng. - Trc khi thi cng b tng tip th mch ngng phi c c nhm k v dng my nn kh thi sch, sau ti nc xi mng ln b mt tip gip gia 2 lp mi v c m bo tnh lin kt ton khi ca b tng. 3.3. Cng tc xy gch 3.3.1. Vt liu - Gch xy: Gch mc 75# loi A, dng loi gch my vi y cc chng ch, chng nhn kt qu th nghim cht lng. Vi mi l gch u c s kim tra, nghim thu cht lng trc khi c a vo s dng xy. - Va xy: Va XM mc 50#. Va xy s c c mu th nghim trc khi c s dng cho ton cng trng vi s gim st v xc nhn ca TVGS. - Va s c ong v trn bng my, thi gian trn khng nh hn 2 pht v khng c php s dng sau khi trn qu 30 pht. 3.3.2. Bin php thi cng Gch xy c nhng t trong nc sch trc khi xy. Cc mt tip xc c ti nc lm sch . Tng xy, mch va phi y bng phng mch va khng ln hn 10mm, khng m nanh, m hc, hng gch xy phi ngang bng, thng ng. Tng gch phi bo v, trong qu trnh xy khi xy b kh nhanh s khng c php, khi xy phi c bo dng mi trng m t, cc l ch sn s c lp t trong qu trnh xy tng.



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Phn on v phn t (vi chiu cao mi t 2m ) thi cng v xy theo gian, trc mng. - t gch xy 3 dc 1 ngang, cng dy c hai mt (i vi khi xy c chiu dy 220 ). Mch xy phi no va vi chiu dy mch ngang 15mm, mch ng 10mm. Hng gch trn cng v di ca khi xy u c quang ngang (i vi khi xy c chiu dy 220mm). - Trong qu trnh xy, thng xuyn dng thc v di kim tra thng ng ca khi xy. - m bo cht lng ng nht ca khi xy, va s c trn bng my trn v vn chuyn ti v tr thi cng bng vn thng v xe ct kt, x chu. S dng h dn gio, sn cng tc chuyn dng phc v cng tc xy. - Lin kt vo ct b tng Nh thu s thp ch 8 ct hoc tin thi cng Nh thu s khoan l cm thp 8 lin kt vi ct sau ny. 3.4. Cng tc hon thin 3.4.1. Khi qut chung Tt c phn hon thin pha trong nh cc vt liu cho tng, nn, trn theo ch dn ca H s mi thu, TCXDVN 303-2004. Tt c cng vic hon thin s c thc hin bi cng nhn c tay ngh cao. Trc khi bt u cng vic Nh thu s trnh ln Ch u t duyt cc kiu hon thin. Nh thu tun theo iu kin lm vic nh l nhit , m phi theo yu cu ca sn phm hon thin. Trc khi hon thin Nh thu s thc hin cc vic sau y: - Kim tra v chn kn cc khe ca cc b phn kt cu cng trnh. - Thi cng cc lp chng thm khu WC chng m chn tng. - Thi cng cc lp lt di sn nh. - Thi cng cc h thng ngm ng nc, ng in, in thoi. 3.4.2. Cng tc trt - Trc khi tin hnh thi cng, ton b b mt d nh trt s c x l nh c b cc vy va, cc phn b tng l ra khi mt phng chung ca tng v trn, sau ra sch bng vi phun nc p lc. Cc v tr b lm vo, c chiu dy lp trt > 3cm s c ng li mt 10x10 bng inh b tng, sau trt vy bng va xi mng ct vng mc 100# trc khi trt lp o. - S dng my trc c kt hp di v thc tm p mt h mc trt bng va xi mng vi li l 1,5m x 1,5m. H mc trt ny s c kim tra v nghim thu vi Ch u t trc khi trt. S dng bn t lt lm nhn, mt trt.



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- Trc khi trt th phi ti nc vo tng. Trt xong th phi bo dng t nht trong vng 24 gi v s che y chng li thi tit nng. - Nu nh tng p gch th lp trt nn phi c lm nhm sau khi trt to bm dnh cho lp hon thin. - B mt hon thin phi phng, khng nt, cng, sai s cho php 0,5% theo chiu ng v 0,8% theo chiu ngang. 3.4.3. Cng tc p, lt *Cng tc p: - Cng tc p gch men knh tng khu ph s dng vt liu l gch men knh. - Trc khi bt u cng vic, b mt trt phi c lm phng v v sinh sch, sa li cc vt trt ny m bo vung gc cc mt trt vi nhau v gia chng vi mt ngang chun. Dng my trc c nh ct p ln tt c cc mt tng cng phng ng chun. Sau khi p xong mt p phi phng mch thng u, khng bong, rp. *Cng tc lt nn: - Vi c im kin trc ca cng trnh, vi din tch ln, lin hon, cng tc lt nn phi m bo phng, ng u v mu sc, khng c c hin tng nhay mch lt gia cc phng, hnh lang gch lt phi thng mch nhau. - Cng tc lt c tin hnh vi loi gch c Ch u t ph duyt v la chon. Sau khi x l b mt lt bng va lng lt vi ct khng ch c truyn ln tng v ct m bo phng ca mt lt. - Dng my trc c vch tim ca tt c ct, tng, lan can xc nh cc gc vung chun cho ton b sn. Tin hnh bt m ti cc gc vung chun, lt cc hng chun 3 pha. m bo mch lt nh, u v vung gc vi nhau, trang b my ct gch chuyn dng s l cc vin ht. Ring nn cc khu v sinh s c chng thm v lng to dc v l thu nc trc khi tin hnh lt vi cch thc tng t. - Cng tc ny s c tin hnh theo tng khu vc. Sau khi lt, cc khu vc ny s c ro chn bo v mt lt, khi va cha ng cng. 3.4.4. Cng tc b matt sn tng - Cng tc ny c tin hnh sau khi lp trt hon ton kh v c nghim thu. Trc khi b, dng giy nhm th nh nhn mt trt, lau sch bi bn ri tin hnh b thnh 3 lt, sau mi lt b u nh nhn bng giy nhm mn. Sau khi mt b kh, tin hnh sn lt. - B mt sn phi ng u khng b li v phi kh ro theo yu cu cng ngh sn. - Du m trn b mt cu kin s c sn phi c lm sch.



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- Lm sch bi bn v tp cht ra khi b mt tng bng bn chi hoc my nn kh. - Cc l rng, vt nt v nhng ch lm phi c trm y. - Trong qu trnh sn nhit khng kh b mt c sn ph v sn phi trong khong 12 350C. - Lp sn o ngoi cng c thi cng cui cng, sau khi kt thc cc cng vic mc, in, lt ..... 3.5. Cng tc gia cng lp dng ca 3.5.1. Vt liu - Ca c thit k cho cng trnh l loi ca khun nha loi thep. Kch thc, chng loi phi m bo theo thit k. - Ca v khun ca c t mua tai cac n vi co san phm at yu cu cua thit k, thnh phm u phi c kim tra v nghim thu k thut vi Ch u t. 3.5.2. Bin php lp dng - Dng my trc c xc nh v tr chnh xc ca khun ca m bo ca v khun ca trong tng khu vc (v d dc theo hnh lang hay trn ton b tng chu vi) cng nh ton cng trnh nm ng v tr nh thit k. - Cn c vo v tr trn xc nh cc im cn to hc chn bt thp lin kt khun vo tng. Cc hc ny phi rng, su v phi c v sinh sch trc khi a khun vo. - Khun ca trc khi a vo v tr c ging tm v dn bng keo trn ton b b mt trnh chuyn v, try xc trong qu trnh thi cng. - Trong khi lp khun, s dng trc c kt hp di v niv a ca vo ng v tr mt phng vung gc vi mt ngang chun. C nh tm khun bng cc thanh vng chng, chn k cc hc chn bt bng b tng si nh hoc va xi mng ct vng. - Cnh ca s c lp sau khi cc cng tc hon thin khc trong phng hon tt. 3.6. Cng tc thi cng in, chng st 3.6.1. Yu cu chung Trc khi bt u cng vic Nh thu s chun b v trnh phng n, chi tit cho TVGS. Tt c vt liu s dng phi c Ch u t ph duyt. Kt hp vi tin thi cng phn xy dng tin hnh thi cng, lp t cc ng ng thit b in ph hp vi tin chung. 3.6.2. Bin php k thut - Trnh t thi cng: Trong lp t in khi c mt bng thi cng, ph hp vi tin ca cc cng vic khc. Tt c cc phn ngm, sau ko cp v



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cui cng th lp t, bng v thit b in khc ph hp vi cng vic chung ca cng trnh. - Cng tc lp t ng lun cp ngm: Tt c nhng ng bo h cp i ngm trong b tng phi c lp t ng thi vi khi b tng, cn nhng ng khc t ngm trong tng th phi ct c gch ghim ng trc khi trt hon thin. Nhng ng i ni: nh v ng trn tng, trn trn hay trn sn bng kp ng, ai m . . . , t nhng hp dy, hp phn nhnh nhng v tr theo thit k. * Cng tc ko dy lun cp: Chn s lng dy i trong cng mt ng chp tt c cc u cp buc vo u dy ch v tin hnh rt cp. Khi cp c lun vo trong ng, cc u cha ca cp phi c nh du, nh s v qun bng dnh bo v trnh m t gy r, chp in. * Cng tc lp t t in: - Trn b b tng c sn, tin hnh ly du theo kch thc t, chn bu lng neo. Chuyn t da vo v tr cn chnh t cho thng gc xit cht cc bulng chn cho t c nh v chc chn. Tt c cc thit b in phi c kim tra,th nghim trc khi a vo lp t di s hng dn ca nh sn xut. - Lp t cc thit b khc: Tt c cc thit b c lp trn tng, trn v cc sn phi c nh v, treo mt cch chc chn bng vt n, bu lng neo. . . - Cng tc th nghim: Sau khi h thng c lp t xong, phi tin hnh th nghim. u tin th ngui: Cha ng in, tin hnh o cc pha kim tra chng on mch, kim tra cch in ca cc thit b . . . Sau ng in v tin hnh vn hnh th cc thit b. 3.7. Cng tc thi cng lp t phn cp thot nc 3.7.1. Yu cu chung Vic lp t ng ng cp v thot nc ca cng trnh theo tiu chun cht lng TCVN 4519-98. Trong qu trnh thi cng phn th, Nh thu lun b tr 1 k s chuyn ngnh v cp thot nc c kinh nghim thi cng kt hp vi vic xy dng cc tng t ng ng ch cho cc ng cp, ng thot theo bn v k thut ch nh. Tt c vt liu s dng phi c cn b gim st ca Ch u t ph duyt 3.7.2. Bin php lp t - ng ng vo cc thit b c i ngm trong tng ni vi ng cp trc chnh t b mi cp xung trong hp k thut. - ng ng cp ln b cha trn mi c a ln t ng bm ht ca b nc ngm t tng 1.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- ng ng thot nc c tch ra lm 2 ng: Thot nc sinh hot v thot nc ma. Thot nc sinh hot c thu t cc khu v sinh nam, n cc tng dn theo ng ng PVC v ga thot nc trong ca b pht, sau dn ra ng ng thot nc trong ton nh v cng thot. Thot nc ma c thu t cc sn trn mi dn v h thng thot nc mt ca sn ng ton nh, sau ra h thng thot ca khu vc. - Tt c cc ng cp v thot nc c ni lin kt bng ren (ni vi ng thp) v keo dn (i vi ng nha) theo ng quy phm ni ng nh bc ren, sn, ay v keo dn ng PVC. Khong cch lp t ng ng ch lp thit b c thi cng theo kch thc ph hp ng vi chng loi thit b v ct lp t. Nh thu s cung cp vt t ng chng loi nh H s mi thu ghi r. Trong qu trnh thi cng cn b k thut cng trng hng dn, kim tra cng vic lp t h thng cp thot v cc thit b v sinh, bm cp . . . Cn b k thut thi cng v TVGS tin hnh kim tra v nghim thu tng vic, tng giai on, tng h thng. Trc khi nghim thu bn giao Nh thu tin hnh th nghim p lc ca cc ng ng cp, x nc. Kim tra ng ng v cc thit b k c vic chng thm cc h thu, thot nc sn cc khu WC, thot nc mi. 3.8. Cng tc thi cng lp dng kt cu thep mai Do cng trnh c khi lng ln v phc tp, cn phi s dng ti u cc thit b, b tr ti u nhn lc trong iu kin hp l cng vic lp mi nhanh, chnh xc, thun li v t hiu qu kinh t cao. 3.8.1. Cng tac chun bi Trc khi tin hnh cng tc thi cng lp gin mi, nhng cng vic sau y hon thnh giai on ch lp dng: - Kim tra tim ct ca gi . - nh du v gi tim ct ca h thng gi ln mt ct thp. - Khai trin v xc nh tim ct ca gin khng gian trn mt bng. - T chc giao nhn hng, phn loi kim sot v nh du tn bng sn mu ln cc chng loi kt cu. Mi loi phi c ghi 2 tn ln u thanh v cu, phi ghi li r rng d kim sot sau ny. - T chc kho cha v bo qun hng, c gi g, c bt che v gi hng ho, bo qun cn thn. - Lp dng gio, ct chng t hp trc ht cho khu vc thi cng cc cm gi ta, lm sn thao tc v gi k tm cho cc on modun gin. - nh v chun cc gi ta trn cc ct, lp cht cu vo chn bu lng neo cc gi ta gin mi. - V sinh cng nghip theo iu ng chung + cnh bo, cp cu cc trng hp bt trc xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- Phc v cc yu cu t xut theo iu ng ca Ban ch huy cng trng. 3.8.2. Trnh t thi cng T chc trc c kim tra li ton b tim ct ca b tng tin hnh dng cc gi. - Vch tim ct cho cc chn gi ta theo kch thc lp rp ca mi. - Tp kt vt t, cho g tm cc gi ta. - Cc gi ta chnh khi ch to ch hn nh trn vi gn, hn cht cu vi gn khi lp c th iu chnh sai s do phn b tng gy ra. - Gio c chuyn vo pha trong v lp thnh khi vng chc to tr khi lp kt cu mi. H thng gio c chng no chc chn, n nh c hai phng ngang v ng. - Vic lp s c bt u t gi xung quanh vo gia mi. y l yu t quyt nh cho chnh xc ton mi, v vy cn phi xc nh li chnh xc cao trnh cc nh ct, cc v tr tim ct la chn h ng tim vung gc (vi sai s cho php 5 mm). 3.8.3. Bin phap am bao cht lng - Kim tra cc mi hn cng trng. - Kim tra lc sit bulng theo quy nh ca thit k. - T kim tra cht lng s thng xuyn gim st qu trnh thi cng cng trnh, lp bin bn nghim thu cho tng phn vic. Sa cha nhng khim khuyt trong qu trnh thi cng. Chng ti m bo thi cng cng trnh ng thit k vi cht lng cao nht. IV. BIN PHAP AN TOAN LAO NG, AN NINH TRT T, V SINH MI TRNG VA PHONG CHNG CHAY N 4.1. Cng tc an ton, v sinh v bo him lao ng 4.1.1. Cng tc an ton chung trn cng trng - T chc cho CBCN ton cng trng nm vng ni dung chng IX ca B lut Lao ng v An ton lao ng v v sinh lao ng, cc Thng t, Ch th ca Nh nc v cc Ngnh v cng tc Bo h lao ng. - Thnh lp Ban An ton c s v Chi huy trng cng trnh l Trng Ban, cn b an ton l thng trc, cn b k thut v cc T trng l cc thnh vin. - T chc mng li An ton vin v v sinh vin cc T kim tra, nhc nh mi ngi chp hnh ni qui an ton, v sinh lao ng, phng chng chy n v v sinh mi trng. - Thc hin ch t kim tra v chu s kim tra nh k ca Ban Thanh tra Cng ty v c quan thanh tra BHL cp trn.



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- Lp bin php ATL v VSL, c d tr kinh ph mua sm trang thit b BHL c Gim c duyt Cng trng thc hin. - Lp bin php k thut v an ton cho tng cng vic. Hng ngy trong s giao vic c ghi r bin php thi cng v bin php an ton, cn b k thut giao cho tng t trng hoc ngi cng nhn. C k xc nhn chu trch nhim thc hin. - Cng trng mua sm y trang thit b BHL pht cho cng nhn s dng. - Phng tin thi cng c trang b u nh dn gio thp, cp pha tn, sn cng tc v trc khi s dng c kim tra an ton v nghim thu cho php s dng. - Cc thit b, my c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton nh: Vn thng, cn cu.. c kim nh v c giy php s dng an ton do Thanh tra An ton Nh nc cp. Mi my c ni qui an ton vn hnh ring. - H thng dn gio bn ngoi c li an ton v c bt vi da che chn. - Trm trn b tng, ch ngi ca th vn hnh my vn thng, nhng ch hnh lang, ca qua li thi cng c mi che chn vt ri. - Nhng ch nguy him nh cu thang, hnh lang bn ngoi, cc ca thang my, nhng ch cha c tng bao c lm lan can bo v. - Cc thit b c in c trang b an ton in v tip in tt, h thng in c kim tra cch in mt cch thng xuyn. - m bo nh sng lm vic ban m v nhng ch ban ngy khng nh sng. - t mt s bnh cu ho nhng ni c th xy ra ho hon (kho, xng, sn, cch nhit, vt liu nha..) - cng trng c bng ni qui an ton v cc khu hiu, tranh p phc tuyn truyn, nhc nh mi ngi phng tai nn lao ng, chy n.. - Thc hin ch pht nhng trng hp vi phm qui nh v AT v VSL nh: Lm vic trn cao (t 2 mt tr ln) khng eo dy an ton, khng i m an ton, khng i giy bao h, ung ru trong khi lm vic, t tin vn hnh my, t tin tho d nhng che chn bo v v cc vi phm khc. - Trm y t cng trng thng xuyn c y t trc cp cu v pht thuc thng thng cho CBCN. Ngoi trang b thuc men, dng c bng b cp cu, nn c cc phc cp cu nn nhn b in dt, gy xng.. - Mi ngi lm vic trn cng trng u c Hp ng lao ng, th an ton v giy chng nhn sc kho. Ph bin quy tc an ton lao ng n mi ngi tham gia trong cng trng xy dng.



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Thc hin y cc bin php an ton thi cng cho my mc v cng nhn trong cng trng, nht l cung cp cc thit b bo h lao ng cho ngi cng nhn. Trong tt c cc giai on thi cng cn phi theo di cht ch vic thc hin cc iu l quy tc k thut an ton. Mi ngi lm vic trn cng trng phi chp hnh y nghim tc cc quy nh v ATL v v sinh cng trng. Mi ngi lm vic, i li trn cng trng phi i m an ton. Mi ngi lm vic, i li trn cng trng phi do CBKT hng dn khng n nhng ni khng c trch nhim c phn cng. Khi xy ra tai nn lao ng phi kp thi cp cu ng b nn v bo cho ngi c trch nhim, CBKT, i trng, ch nhim cng trnh v cn b an ton c quan x l. Mi ngi lm vic trn cng trng khng c ung ru bia, cc cht cn, cht kch thch trc v trong khi lm vic. 4.2. Bin php an ton c th cho tng cng vic nh sau 4.2.1. Bin php an ton thi cng mng Hng dn cng nhn tng thao tc c th, c chnh xc cao. Cng nhn bt buc phi c bo h lao ng nh: Gng tay, m, ng. - Khi o t th cng cng nhn phi c trang b bo h lao ng y (ng, m ....). - Vi cc h mng su bt buc phi o taluy hoc lm k trnh sp h mng. - Cc my o phi ng cch mp h mng 1,5m 2m. - Khi b tng i mng phi bc cu (sn cng tc) cho cng nhn m. Tuyt i khng cng nhn ng ln thp i mng lm vic. - t vn chuyn t ra ngoi phi c ng tm. 4.2.2. Bin php an ton thi cng b tng ct thp Cc b phn vn khun tm ln, cng nh cc hp vn khun ct, dm, sn, cc b phn ca chng phi lin kt vi nhau chc chn. Vic lp cc tm vn khun ct, dm v x g phi tin hnh t trn sn cng tc hoc trn dn gio, sn cng tc phi c thnh chn bo v. Tho vn khun v dn gio chng gi vn khun ch c php khi c s ng ca cn b ch o thi cng. Tho dn gio vn khun ca cc kt cu b tng ct thp phc tp phi tin hnh theo cch thc v trnh t ra trong thit k thi cng. Cc l cha trn sn b tng ct thp b tng sau khi tho vn khun phi che y, ro chn..



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Trc khi b tng, cn b thi cng phi kim tra s chnh xc v chc chn ca vn khun t, dn gio chng v sn cng tc. Khi b tng trn cao hn 1,5m sn cng tc phi c thnh chn bo v. Nhng v tr ang thi cng cn phi c ro chn bo v. 4.2.3. Bin php an ton ca cng tc hon thin Dn gio hon thin phi c lan can cao t nht l 1m, vn lm lan can phi ng vo pha trong, tm vn chn di cng phi c b rng t nht l 15cm. m bo khng xp qu ti vt liu ln sn v ln dn gio cn phi c cc bng quy nh gii hn v s b tr vt liu . . . Cc l ca s cha lp khung phi c che chn. Nu cng tc xy c tin hnh t dn gio trong th cn t lp bo v dc tng theo chu vi nh. Trong thi gian xy v khi xy xong phi thu dn tt c cc gch va tha, dng c v cc th khc . Khi lm vic bn ngoi tng nhng v tr cao cng nhn lm vic phi eo dy an ton. Cc mng tng nh ra khi mt tng 30cm phi xy t dn gio pha ngoi. Vic lin kt cc chi tit c sn vi tng xy phi tin hnh chnh xc v thn trng. Phi kp thi xy tng ln gi thng bng. Cm mi ngi qua li ni ang thi cng lp ghp. 4.2.4. An ton trong cng tc xp t nguyn vt liu, cu kin, thit b - Cc vt liu d chy phi bo qun trong kho ring theo ng quy nh phng chy hin hnh. - Khi sp xp vt liu ln cc b ho, h su phi tnh ton trnh st l h gy tai nn. - Cc tm lp, tm mi xp thnh chng khng qu 1m k c chiu dy lp lt. 4.2.5. An ton trong cng tc s dng dn gio, gi - Cm s dng dn gio, gi , ni thang khng ng chc nng. - Khi khng m bo an ton v bn, tnh n nh, neo buc th khng c s dng dn gio. - Khi dn gio cao hn 6m phi lm t nht 2 sn cng tc. - Khi dn gio cao hn 12 m th phi lm cu thang chim hn mt khoang dn gio. - Vn sn cng tc phi c chiu dy 3cm khng b mt, nt gy. - u vn gc qua thanh 20cm, phi i neo cht vo thanh bng dy thp hoc inh. Cc tm vn phi lin kt np bn di gi vn khi chuyn vi.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- Khi tho d vn phi c ro ngn hoc bin cm ngi v phng tin qua li. - Khng nm rc t trn cao xung. - Khng i lp dng, tho d hoc lm vic trn dn gio khi tri ma to, ging bo hoc gi cp 5 tr ln. - Khi thi cng t tng 2 tr ln phi c li an ton cng xung quanh cng trnh. 4.3. Cng tc bo him - Mua bo him y t v bo him x hi cho ngi lao ng. - Mua bo him ri ro v xy lp v bo him trch nhim dn s i vi bn th ba. - Mua bo him xe my. 4.4. V sinh cng nghip - Sp xp gn gng mi th theo ng tng mt bng thi cng. Cui mi ngy phi dn dp ti ch, cui mi tun lm tng v sinh cng trng. - Ph liu, ph phm c thu gom v chuyn i theo phng php kn khng gy bi bm, ting n. - B tr cu ra xe ti cng cng trnh v h thng thot nc mt trn ton cng trnh. Nc thi trc khi thi ra ngoi phi qua h thng ga lng bn. 4.5. Bin php an ninh, an ton, VSMT v phng chng chy n 4.5.1. Bo v mi trng - Cng trnh c xy ngay trong khu vc ang c cc cng trnh khc hot ng v khu dn c do vy cn c bit ch n vic bo v mi trng xung quanh, khng gy nh hng v bi, ting n. Mi xe vn chuyn vt liu phi c bt che v vn chuyn ngoi gi cao im.Vic qut dn mt ng xung quanh cng trnh phi c thc hin thng xuyn. - Phi c bt v li chn bi trong qu trnh thi cng. B tr cc thng rc trn cng trng. Lm cc ng x rc bng cc thng phi ghp li rc t cc tng trn cao vo ng v tr quy nh. - Vo cui bui lm vic tt c mi cng nhn u phi dn v sinh sch s v tr lm vic ca mnh. 4.5.2. Phng chng chy n - C cc bng hiu, bin bo ti nhng khu vc d gy chy n v nghim cm cng nhn ht thuc ti nhng khu vc ny. - Nhng my mc dng in phi c kim tra dy dn....trc khi vn hnh trnh hin tng chp chy in. - Trang b y cc phng tin dng c cu ho nh; bnh kh CO 2, b nc, b ct trong cng trng. - C li ra vo v ngun nc cho xe cu ho khi cn.Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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- C phng n thot ngi v cu ti sn khi c s c. 4.5.3. Bin php an ninh cho cng trng - Lp hng ro tm bng li B40 c che bt bao quanh khu vc cng trnh. - i ng bo v trc 24/24 gi. - B tr h thng chiu sng y vo bui ti. - Qun l cht ch s lng ngi ra vo cng trng trong mi ngy lm vic. Cng nhn lm vic phi eo th ra vo cng do Nh thu pht c nh v ghi r h tn ), i m bo h lao ng. - Nh thu s qun trit n tt ca can b va cng nhn vin v cng vic trt t an ninh trong cng trng v trong khu vc. Nh thu s c nhng bin php hu hiu, nghim khc ph bin v giao trch nhim cho cn b lnh o qun l cng trng n tt tt c cn b cng nhn tham gia thi cng. - Nh thu ch ng lin h vi cc c quan hu trch ca a phng lm th tc theo di tm tr tm vng (nu c), thng nht k hoch v bin php h tr khi c s c trong cng trng v khu vc. - m bo an ton cho ngi, ti sn ca Ch u t, gi gn mi quan h tt vi nhn dn a phng, chp hnh mi ni quy, quy nh v an ninh trt t tr an ... trong cng trng trn c s ch o thng nht ca Ch u t. 4.6. Bo v ti sn cho bn th ba Khi thi cng Nh thu c trch nhim bo v ti sn cho bn th ba, thc hin cc bin php sau: - Ph bin ni quy: Cm cng nhn khng c nhim v xm phm ranh gii lm vic v ti sn ca bn th ba. Nu vi phm s b ui vic v pht tin. - Khi thi cng nu c kh nng nh hng ti bn th ba th Cn b k thut phi ra bin php phng v thng bo cho bn th ba bit. - Nu v trng hp bt kh khng gy thit hi ti bn th ba th Nh thu s ngay lp tc m phn bi thng n b. - Nh thu s mua bo him trch nhim dn s i vi bn th ba khi bt u thi cng. V. BIN PHAP KIM TRA, AM BAO CHT LNG Nh trn, Nha thu xc nh y l mt cng trnh quan trng. V vy bng mi kh nng ca mnh chng ti xc nh xy dng cng trnh ny vi cht lng cao nht. Yu t t c l tng hp ca nhiu yu t hp thnh bao gm con ngi, vt t, my mc thit b xy dng, bin php k thut v p dng cc tin b khoa hc k thut trong thi cng. 5.1. S dng nhn lc Cn b, cng nhn c la chn c phm cht t cch o c tt, c tinh thn trch nhim v tay ngh cao.



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T chc tt cng tc n , sinh hot trn cng trng. m bo cng nhn c sc kho v tinh thn. iu ng hp l theo tin thi cng, khng cng nhn phi ch vic. m bo mc lng thu nhp. 5.2. S dng vt t Mi vt t a vo s dng cho cng trnh phi ng chng loi, quy cch v cht lng. Nhng vt t ch yu nh xi mng, thp, gch xy, ct, v.v trc khi a vo s dng u phi qua th nghim v cc ch tiu nn, ko, sch, cp phi ht, v.v... Cc ch tiu ny phi t tiu chun cho php mi c s dng. Tiu chun p dng kim tra theo Muc 1.4 [Tiu chun ap dung]. 5.3. Bin php qun l v kim tra cht lng trn cng trng Thit lp h thng qun l cht lng (KCS) t Ban ch huy ti cc i, t sn xut. 5.3.1. Kim tra tim, ct, cht lng cp pha, ct thp - Trc khi b tng chng ti tin hnh kim tra nh v tim, ct, kim tra chng loi, s lng, v tr lp t ca ct thp. Kim tra kch thc thng thu, n nh, kn kht ca cp pha, v.v tt c cc thng s kim tra trn s c so snh vi thit k v cc dung sai am bao k thut cho php mi tin hnh nghim thu b tng. 5.3.2. Kim tra cht lng b tng ti ch Ti cng trng Nh thu chun b y dng c, khun mu kim tra st cua b tng, khun ly mu lp phng 150x150x150mm. Vic ly mu tuy vao tng cu kin theo quy inh hin hanh va theo yu cu cua TVGS cua Chu u t, cc vin mu s c kim tra cng sau thi gian bo dng 7 ngy v 28 ngy. Mu c bao dng va bo qun tng ng vi iu kin bao dng cua cu kin a ly mu ti cng trng. Trong sut qu trnh b tng, Nha thu se thng xuyn theo di n nh ca van khun, ct thp, iu phi m v b tng m bo lin tc khng b gin on, phn tng, phn lp, ng tim, ct thit k . B tng xong tuyt i trnh mi va p, tu theo thi tit s c bo dng bng ti nc b mt m bo m thng xuyn trong thi gian 7 ngy. - B tng t cng ti thiu 70% mi tho d van khun. Trng hp b mt b tng b gi nh th dng va XM mc cao trt trt li. Nu b r nng phi dng bm p lc cao hoc xin kin x l ca TVGS. - Cc mu th nghim nn b tng, ko thp v vt liu khc u c thc hin ti cac phong LAS hp chun. - Quan st pht hin cc vt nt, r v dng thc thp kim tra kch thc hnh hc ca sn phm hon thnh .v.v..Goi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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+ Nh thu s ghi nht ky cho tt c cc cng vic nh o t, b tng lt, cng tc cp pha, ct thp, b tng .v.v Nht ky miu t cng vic, a im, kch thc, dung sai, khi lng cng vic hon thnh v cc s liu ph khc c lin quan. 5.3.3. Kim tra cht lng cng tc hon thin Da vo h s thit k k thut, tiu chun thi cng nghim thu TCVN 5674-1992 i vi tng cng vic c th kim tra, nghim thu cht lng cng tc hon thin. - Kim tra cht lng, quy cch vt liu trc khi a vo s dng. - Kim tra v mt phng, v kch thc hnh hc . - Kim tra mu sc, m quan b mt hon thin v.v 5.4. Nghim thu k thut Nh thu cng TVGS cua Chu u t tin hnh nghim thu k thut theo cc giai on sau: - Nghim thu giai oan thi cng mong; - Nghim thu giai oan thi cng thn nha; - Nghim thu giai oan thi cng mai nha; - Nghim thu giai oan xy th; - Nghim thu phn hon thin (trt, lt, p, lp t ca, lm trn .v.v); - Th ti, nghim thu giai oan lp t thit b k thut (in, nc, thng tin, cu ho v.v. ); - Nghim thu giai oan cac hang muc khac (thoat nc ngoai nha, cng hang rao, b nc ngm, v.v); - Tng nghim thu bn giao cng trnh. Cc vn bn nghim thu ny c lu gi trong h s bn giao cng trnh lm c s cho vic thanh quyt ton theo tng giai on v ton b cng trnh. 5.5. Thc hin ng quy trnh k thut v bin php thi cng c ph duyt Ngoi bin php, tin thi cng Nha thu trnh trong H s d thu ny, nu trng thu chng ti phi trin khai bin php, tin chi tit cho tng cng vic. Ngoi ra Ban ch huy cng trng t chc giao ban thng xuyn (sau mi bui lm vic, sau 1 tun, 1 thang, 1 quy ) c rt kinh nghim, iu cng vic nhm m bo cht lng cao nht v ng tin thi cng cng trnh. 5.6. Kim tra ln v nh hng ca cc cng trnh ln cn Thit b kim tra ln, h hi cc cng trnh ln cn s c cung cp kim tra trc v trong qu trnh thi cng cng trnh. Trc khi thi cng nh thu tin hnh kho st hin trng cc cng trnh ln cn, mi h hi nh ln, nt ...s c ghi nhn li bng nh, camera. Nh thu sGoi thu: Nha vn hoa thn Nam Vim


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chn mt v tr thch hp truyn cao chun ca cng trnh va ly lm cn c thi cng v theo di ln ca cc cng trnh ln cn. Vi bin php thi cng trn chng ti m bo rng se khng c bt ky s c ng tic no sy ra. 5.7. Ap dng tin b khoa hc k thut thi cng cng trnh Nh thu s p dng tin b khoa hc k thut thi cng cng trnh nh vic a cc my mc thit b hin i v cng ngh hin i vo xy dng cng trnh l: - My trn b tng, cc loi my m b tng tin tin. - Cc loi my ct, my un thp hin i thi cng ct thp. - Trang b cc dng c cm tay nh my ct gch, my bo g, my khoan...rt gn nh v hiu qu cao. - Qun l, t chc khoa hc cc t i cng nhn chuyn nghip va c tay ngh cao. VII. KT LUN Trn y l ton b nhng bin php k thut v t chc thi cng c bn nht m Nh thu d kin p dng trong qa trnh thi cng cng trnh. Vi trnh chuyn mn v kinh nghim ca cn b k thut, vi tay ngh cao ca cng nhn, vi nhng trang thit b hin i v kh nng hon thnh cng vic c kim nghim qua cc d n trong nhiu nm qua. Chng ti khng nh rng nu c Chu u t la chn, Nha thu chng ti cam kt s hon thnh v bn giao cho Chu u t mt cng trnh m bo v cht lng, ung h s thit k a c ph duyt, c tnh m thut cao v ng tin .,. Vinh Phuc, ngy 2 thng 1 nm 2012. AI DIN NHA THU


3. thuyet minh bptc

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