THST Class Notes1/27/14:Thinking About Experience: Experience is always going to be present in Christian ethical reflection, and is generally understood as religious experience. Post WW2 took on a new importance; liberation theologies and ethics are key to this turn. Experience is always a part of the other sources (Scripture, tradition, reason) Experience is always there. Emergence is liberation and resistance movements throughout world post world war two The 1960s in the US- emergence of civil rights, black power, feminist movements with later emergence of Latinos, lgbt movements, etc. (all of these groups wanted to resist the dominant/oppressive system Naming- you are establishing authority over that being or thing, even in scripture, god names and has the authority over humans. Insistence on Experience: Recognition that traditional theology has itself depended on experience on a source, but the experiences of a limited group Liberation theology is quite active now, you need a god that is going to empower them to resist, or else oppression will remain present, people no longer want to be victims, freedom is not free, you have to take it. You have to expect that people are going to resist you when you try to take freedom. Why experience as a source? It suggests the need to recognize the social dimension of virtually all forms of knowledge. Experience is a complex term, there are a multitude of usages

1/29/14 Privileged vs. under-privileged Your own experiences in life are always with you, and will always be there to influence you. Be self reflexive about where you are coming from and why Complexities of Experience What kinds of moral evidence does experience offer? Generalizability? Experience is always private but that doesnt mean that you cant have shared or similar experiences with one another Criteria for generalizability: Coherence of the conclusions of experience with general moral norms Intelligibility of accounts of experience in relation to fundamental moral beliefs Mutual illumination when measured with other sources of moral insight Manifest integrity in the testimony of the one who is experiencing Harmful or helpful consequences of interpretations of experience Gustafson: Human experience is plural, people have different views and experiences It is always in a different context depending on the individual All experiences are not created equal Experience in feminist thought Womens experiences have been excluded and denied, and recovering these experiences was attempted Lebacqz- Hermeneutics of Suspicion key to interpretation of any source- a way of approaching something She suggests that we approach text carefully, not as if it is subjective, look for things that might be a little bit off and oppressive. It is refusing to assume the objectivity of any text, it is suspicious interpretation, always asking questions. It is a method of approaching a particular text or tradition in a way that refuses to assume objectivyt of that text or tradition. Very important

1/30/141) Experience is private, but there are shared experiences. Actual living of events and relationships along with the sensation of things, images, emotions, insights, and understandings that are a part of this lived reality.2) She might have chosen this reading because it was a great example of a marginalized experience, it gave an in depth look to a private experience of the marginalized. 3) She mainly talks about the women in her life, and about their lives. It is concerned with a womens perspective rather than mens. womanists believe that their voices are not heard4) Charity is working for, whereas solidarity is working with. Solidarity is openness to new experience, whereas charity is more about reinforcing experience. Charity and solidarity have become to be understood as equal to each other. Giving charity never changes the underlying problems. When you begin to question what is going on, then you can begin to move towards solidarty. We need to recognize that experiences exist.

2/3/14Reason Part 1- Natural Law Roman Catholicism and the natural law Much official teaching/doctrine grounded in or references the natural law tradition of Aquinas Prior to Vatican 2 utilized explicit N law argumentation re: right/wrong good/evil After Vatican 2- implicit natural law reasoning, though still present Thepry of Natural Law Several levels of types of laws Divine/external Law (god governs world with reason & is cause of its being) Natural Law (all od nature has the external law imprinted upon them in their essence, act according to their essence, gods order reflected in each being, inclinations, telos) Old Law (10 commandments); New Law Human/Civic Law So What is natural law? Humans are inclined by nature to act according to their proper ends Human have the capacity for reason Natural law is humans participation in the divine/external law through the exercise of their reason and free will Through reason, humans can discern what is good and what is evil Ultimate end is the good Three levels of natural law Primary, secondary, tertiary Primary- common to all created reality, the good to be purused is toward self-preservation Secondary- generic to animals (including humans), good is towards procreation and education of offspring, according to Order of Nature: source of moral precepts based on the natural order/natural ends Tertiary- only human, good of knowledge, truth, and social cooperation, order of reason: capacity to discover what fulfills human need and actualizes human potentialfourishment, virtue is necessary for right reason: justice, temperance, prudence, courage, reason can be perfected by the virtuesthen Nlaw moral precepts can help us to make everyday choices Protestantism and the natural law Anthropology tends to be less positive Humans were corrupted by the original sin Corruption prevents the reliabily on human reason Sola fide- sola scriptura Reason for protestans-emperical sciencegustafsons piece2/10/14 Tradition Latin- handing over or passing on Tradtion is a verd, it is not passive, but active within the context of communities. So respect both content and process Why is tradtion such a difficult concept for US Protestantism? Protestntistm- emerged as a part of the modern period in eurpoean history- marked by an emphasis on reason and against the assumed authority of tradition. Intensifaction of suspicion and rejection of tradition as protestant theologians in 16th and 17th century attempted to further distance themselves from Catholicism US Protestantism- lives in a socio historical context marked by te immigrant heritage of leaving tradition (old country) ONE crucial part of the contruction and maintenance of protestant communcal identity is this rejection of the authority of tradtion. Marin luthersola fidesola scripturavernacularreformation Kant on modernity (enlightenment) Sapere Aude (dare to know) have courage to use your own understanding motto of enlightenment Rejection of authority particularly religious authority- turn to reliance on individual reason Equality At least in theory, turning away from hierarchy allows for the greater possibility of equality Democratic context of us Council of trent Catholicism claims a balance between: scripture and tradition, faith and readon, grace and works

2/12/14 Tradition- Catholic Beginning of Cathoilic social teaching Pope Leo X111 wrote first document Relationship between capital and labot, the digniy to work, the right to a living wage, and the right to private property. All addressing particulat geo-politicl context of western Europe- shift from early capitalism to late capitalism Industrial revolution Countered the socialism of Marx and Engels Documentary tradition Popes and bishops continue to contribute to social tradition of the church Cite previous documents, cite scripture, site themes of catholic social teaching Themes of cst Solidarity, family community participation, dignity of the human person rights and responsibilities, preferential option for the poor, care of creation, subsidiarity, common good. ** guiding norms and principles that can then be used to analyze particular issues. Econimic justice for all: an example Themes & principles Dignity of the Person Preferential Option for the Poor Participation Solidarity Common Good

2/17/14 Important thinkers- Augustine, Aquinas, Luther Fathers of church, individuals turn to and consider his writings to be very relavant in christian ethics. 4th and 5th century, cristianity was already official religion of roman empire during this time. Augustine uses the bible, understands in literalistic sense, the things that happened in the bible are thought to be historical events. Heavily shapes their understanding of morality and humanity. He understands the fall of humanity as a historical event Fall of humanity- Adam & Eve eating the forbidden fruit and ends up punishing humans from then on Humanity lost its inneocence^^^^ Sets the stage for the rest of human history (the first and original sin) It introduces the inclination to sin to all individuals Human sin in two ways (lust and pride) Augustine says- Before the fall of humanity, there would have been no desire or lust in a sexual act. Since we fell, we now have these bodily desires Example of the punishment that continues today We are prisoners to sin, but we still have free will, otherwise it is just a big set up by god. Jesus had to come and die to pay off the debts created by the sin of the first couple. Without jesus act, there would be no hope for humanity. If god is good, then why do we have evil? Soteriology- the doctrine of salvation God has an elect, he already has a plan. Some indiviudals may be able to gain salvation City of god- purpose is to claofity that chrisitanity is not to blame for the fall of the roman empire Fall of roman empire was not in the eternal plan of god We must choose to either occupy the city of god or city of earth Earthly City/heavenly city two cities have been formed by two loves: the earthly by the love of self, even to the contempt of God; the heavenly by the love of God, even to the contempt of self Earthly city- those in this city are in love with themselves and material items, they are not concerned with anything else, and inordinate love for themselves and things around them, do not posses real faith Heavenly City- love god at the expense of themselves, found in those individuals who posses real faith Aquinas- on princely government Kings task is to guide the community Must decide how to create the community or kingdom, analogy of the creation of the world Preiestly power vs the kind Sailors duty to sail the ship Object for which a community is gathered together is to ive a virtuous life, object of human societ is virtuous life and to attain to the enjoyment of god. Government is always the one who has the final ordering of affairs who directs those who carry out what pertaints to the attainment of the final aim, just as the sailor who must navigate the ship advises the shipwright as to the type of ship which will suit this purpose. Under new law, there is a higher priesthood through which men are led to a heavenly reward, and under christs law, kings must be subject to priests. Rulers of the city to be subject to the pontiffs (all kings in Christendom should be subjects to jesus) 2/19/14Thomas Aquinas- usues scripture quite frequently, but is not the only source for moral reasoning. cites from Augustine, uses anthropology. Sotieriology- salvation. Everything in the natural order is perfected by gods reason. Gods grace helps you reason better.2/24/14 Dominion- god has ultimate supremacy over everyone in the universe, god has dominion over all things; man has dominion over animals. It is power and care (in charge of taking care of) Image of God- man is an image of god, but not physically, moreso in the mind. The image of god is rationality? It is complicated, only humans have this trait which suggests a power and authority over all other organisms Anthropocentrism- humans are the central being, the most important, everything revolves around humans; everything should serve around humans. Connection between women and environment? Hunter/gatherer idea, women have been seen as more fit to do things such as gather food. Women have usually been associated with nature, women were seen as less rational less intellectual, more emotional, more subject to ailments of the body (menstration), women are closely associated with their bodies. Ecofeminism- abuse of womens bodies is closesly related to the abuse of the environment.

MIDTERM 1

3/10/14 reading notes Augustine on suicide The question of suicide is caused by fear of punishment or disgrace, women kill themselves to avoid rape, to avoid crime If purity is a quality of the mind, it is not lost when the body is violated. The violence of another lust cannot take away the chastity which is preserved by unwavering self-control.en Just as bodily chasity is lost when mental chastity has been violated, so bodily chastity is not lost, even when the body has been ravished, while the minds chastity endures. Rape- she has no reason to punish herself because it was anothers sin. Lucretias suicide- killed herself because she suffered adulterers embrace, due to weakness of shame. She was ashamed of anothers foul deed committed on her. Did not want to be associated with the act. This was not the behavior of christian women- they had the glory of chastity withtin them Chrisitans have no authority to commit suicide in any circumstance- no permission in scripture. Thou shall not kill- no cirumstances All homicide is not murder, certain exceptions made by god Is suicide ever a mark of greatness of soul? Those who commit suicde are not praised for sanity or wisdom Should one commit suicide to avoid sin?- valid reason does not exist Aquinas- fornication and mairrage The reason why simple fornification is a sin according to divine law, and that matrimony is matural. Mairrage is for procreation, heterosexuality, proper roles, Sex- is it good? Its not evil, sex is good when it is used for procreation. You should never have sex unless you are trying to have children. According to natural law, sexuality has a natural end. Homosexuals are to live life of abstinence You cant have sex without procreation and you cant have procreation without sex. Luther- jews and their lies Jews are whoring people- no people of god Do not argue with them- there is no hope until they are miserable and have to confess to jesus Blind jews are stupid fools Be on guard against jews3/12/14Spirit of Capitalism What about that spirit interests us Long writing of Benjamin franklin Illustrates capitalisms ethos Time is money, credit is money, money can beget money Pay all debts on time *** Increasing capital is an end in itself, an ethic, individuals duty to prosper Franklins beliefs- promote profit Earning more money is seen as an end in itself Economic survival of the fittest Where did it originate from? Massachusets 1632 Spirit of capitalism had to fight its way to dominance Biggest opponent of capitalist ethic- traditionalism Looks at a few cases to define traditionalism Laborer- piece rate- pay by amount harvested, increase pay = increase producticity Man wants to live as he is used to living- and to make as much as he can To be effective for capitalism- labor must be performed as an end in itself- requires education, which is not natural Entreprenuer- putting out system- rational capitalistic organization

3/12/14Max Werber- father of sociology of religion- wrote the spirit of capitalism Theory why salvation religions exist They offer comfort to individuals- they satify certain interestsCarl Marx- Understood that history is pushed by material interests Philosopher and economist- ideas- cumulation of more and more money becomes an end goal Communist society Looks at the economy- material interest- physical tangible stuff, material realities that make history go Marx & religion- religion is necessary but it is not real Why is it necessary? Because humans have not yet discovered their own inherent strength and worth The idea of god serves a purpose- its a necessary lie History is driven by material interests WERBER- disagreed with marx Does not completely reject the fact that material interests can drive history But asserts that ideal interests are also a crucial factor in the movement of history Ideal and material Not only material, but ideal interests move history along as well ** switchman thesis- like a switchman on a track, an idea can guide history and have very real material effects. Protestant ethic is a primary example of this

3/17/14 The Nature Of Sin not easy to define sin, complicated as life itself we are often places in difficult situations with tempttions. While experimenting with life,we go astray. Moral dilenquencies are a part of our human nature We have impulse to live our life, express freedom, satisfy cravings ** two developments of sin element of selfishness emerges as the character of sin matures in the higher forms of sin, it assumes the aspect of a conflict between selfish ego and common good of humanity. Conflict between self and god three forms of sin sensuousness, selfishness, godlessness sin is essentially selflishness the sinful mind is the unsocial and antisocial mind god is not only the spiritual representative of humanity; he is identified with it. He works through humanity to realize his purposes, our sins block him from realizing himself jesus bound man and god together clear realization of nature of sin depends on a clear vision of the kingdom of god.

Transmission of sin

How is sin transmitted form generation to generation? Lines of communication and contagion by which sins run vertically down through history, and horizontally through strata of contemporary society. The kingdom of evil Evils of one generation are caused by the wrongs of the generations before. Conception of sin is but fragmentary unless we see all men in their natural groups bound together in a solidarity of all times and al places Conception of satan has plaed, he is a theological devil. Belief in original sin is waning as well The combination of these two doctrines combined- the hereditary racial unity of sin, and the supernatural power of evil behind all sinfiul human action- created a solidaristic consciousness of sin and evil. Social conception of the kingdom of evil is moderm and grows spontaneously out of our livest interests and ideas ** the doctrine of original sin was meant to bring us all under the sense of guilt, theology in the past shows us that we are in some sense partakers of adams guilt, but conciouse of mankind has never been convinced.

Social gospel and personal salvation Chief interest is concentrated on those manifstations of sin and redemption which lie beyond the individual soul Salvation of the individual is an essential part of salvation

Kingdom of God This doctrine is itself the social gospel Theology lost its contact with the synoptic thought of jesus Church is primarily a fellow for worship; kingdom fellowship of righteousness When kingdom ceased to be dominating religious reality, the church moved up into position of the supreme good. SIN Essentially selfishness Sin is individualistic- we need to focus on it as a social problem, social sin

Chapter 1- man and society **collective egoism is hard to control men have not yet learned how to live together without compounding their vices Man is endowed by nature with organic relations to his fellowmen; and natural impulse prompts him to consider the needs of others even when they compete with his own. conflict between the national units remains as a permanent rather than a passing characteristic of their relations to each other; and each national unit finds it increasingly difficult to maintain either peace or justice within its common life. Divergence of interest, based upon geographic and functional differences within a society, is bound to create different social philosophies and political attitudes which goodwill and intelligence may partly, but never completely, harmonise. Power," said Henry Adams, "is poison"; and it is a poison which blinds the eyes of moral insight and lames the will of moral purpose. As individuals, men believe that they ought to love and serve each other and establish justice between each other. As racial, economic and national groups they take for themselves, whatever their power can command. Chapter 5 Classes may be formed on the basis of common functions in society, but they do not become sharply distinguished until function is translated into privilege. inequalities of social privilege develop in every society, and that these inequalities become the basis of class divisions and class solidarity. inequalities of privilege are due chiefly to disproportions of power, The moral attitudes of dominant and privileged groups are characterised by universal self- deception and hypocrisy. it has always been the habit of privileged groups to deny the oppressed classes every opportunity for the cultivation of innate capacities and then to accuse them of lacking what they have been denied the right to acquire. The movements for universal education and general suffrage in the nineteenth century offer perfect illustration of both the limits and the potentialities of growing rationality and moral idealism in the equalisation of privilege and power. Since we are living in a world in which there is too much capital for production and too little for consumption, the argument that economic inequality is necessary for the accumulation of capital resources has lost even its economic validity. Yet it is still used by privileged classes to establish a specious connection between virtue or social function and privilege. every society has an instinctive desire for harmony and avoidance of strife, this is a very potent instrument of maintaining the unjust status quo. he English word "generous" springs from a Latin root (generosus), which reveals that generosity was also regarded as a unique aristocratic virtue The fear of anarchy of American privileged groups and their self-appointment as the guardians of peace and order is significant only because it is so clearly expressed in a nation in which the classes have not become as distinct as in the older nations. Even when no anarchy is threatened and no violence is used by the classes which seek a more equal share in the processes of government and in the privileges of society, it is always possible for the privileged groups to predict anarchy on the score that the ambitious and advancing classes are unfit for the exercise of the rights which they desire

3/24/14 catholic moral theology Aquinas- four levels of law (eternal, natural, biblical, human) General principles (do good and avoid evil) are common to all people Moving to more particular sitatuions, may have varitation, and greater chance for humans to Preserve customs Corrupt habits Natural low Doesnt change, unless you are god You can never remove a particular principle from the natural law We always have the capacity to discover Natural law and truth Catholic moral theology asserts that natural law, as participation of humans in the eternal law, is universally true Problem of freedom in modernity Intro SPOHN What does jesus have to do with Christians today? Everything or not much Everything- humans sin so much they cant achieve moral insight on their own Must go to jesus in order to find out what to do or become Not much- roman catholics Human nature has not fallen into darkness He thinks jesus is not the exclusive revelation of god Virtue ethics provides the most comprehensive account of moral experience and that it stands closer to the issues of moral life **** dispostition to act, desire, and feel that involves judgement and leads to a recognizable human excellence, and instance of human flourishing. Disposition, judgenent, human excellence, human flourishing Virtues and vices are cultivated within the context of particular communities Narrative structure of community Past always present and oriented to the future (think tradition) Particular practices that help to cultivate virtuous disposition Spohn places emphasis on narrative and spiritual practices Individual flourishing cannot be disembedded from social flourishing Common features of virtue theories Focus on character, which when good, can produce sound moral judgement Virtues lead to flourishing ******* Some contemporary virtue theorists chalends the necessary relationship between virtue and human flourishing Burden virtues, virtues that are or must be enacted but do not lead to flourishing Anger Catholic moral theology and virtue ethics Emphasizes the natural law** as primary moral theory ** Scripture and the life of jesus is rarely emphasized Spohn challenges these assumptions and claims that jesis is the paradigm for christian moral life Narratives in new testament provides us with guidance, an identity, right perception CHAPTER 4 Perception is the ability to notice the morally relevant features of a situation and the readiness to respond appropriately What we perceive depends on the sort of character we have Perception is the first aspect of mroal psychology to consider I relation to jesus History of Israel reached climatic moment- god making definitive move that requires repentance (reversal of mind and heart) People of Israel being summoned to judgement and grace Where god reigns, a different way of life becomes possible-for those who notice what is going on In order to understand, one must consider: What he said was happening Compassion as the virtue that sees others in the way that god does How contemporary virtue ethics helps unpack what this compassionate vision involves Christian life begins with gracious approach of god, not human initiative Israel was hoping that god would come and straigten out this workd The announcement of the reign of god generates resistance, central feautyre of gospel paradigm. Why could some people see gods presence in jesus words and actions while others saw the power of evil in one? ** perceiving gods action requires a willingness to be affected by what one sees, and initial disposition to respond favoroably to what is good and true inviting those who have ears to hear, readiness to perceive Early christian communities- the wordsa dn actions of jesus give consent to gods reign The final battle is joined with the true forces of evil Luke emphasizes the gods reign will be socially transforming. Imagination evokes empathy *** making a samaratin the hero brings a dialectal edge to the command to go and do likewise4/2/14Poverty Poverty, as a lack of the goods of this world necessary to live worthily as men, is in itself evil. Spiritual poverty is the attitude of opening up to god, the ready disposition of one who hopes for everything from the lord. A poor church: denounces the unjust lack of this worlds goods and the sin that begets itPreaches and lives in spiritual poverty, as an attitude of spiritual childhhod and openness of the lordIs herself bounc to material poverty The poverty of the church is a constant factor in the history of salvation. All members of the church are called to live in evangelical poverty, they all have a special mssion to vitness within the church, there will be differences according to personal charisms Christ- being rich he became poor, he live in poverty. His mission centered on advising the poor of their liberation and he founded his church as the sign of the poverty among men.Sin Europen vs Latin American cultural situations (very different) In Europe- endless talk about the sin crisis, sometimes there is denial that sin exists, victims of this death may be ignored as bot belonging to this world In Latin America, vast majority are victims, oppression of humans exists on such a large scale Unnecessary suffering caused by human responsibility and wrong doing **Danger in Latin America- overlocalizing of sin, localizing it too partially ***Danger in Europe- blindness to responsibility Human beings are sinners Sin is not a matter of weakness, but of lying and blindness Stress was on human experience of weakness and dividedness Definition of sin: oppressing the truth through injustice 2 ways of being human gods anger is revealed toward the one and the others are inexcusable the evil of the pagan of being human lies in oppressing truth through injustice evil in the jewish way of being human lies in judging the other while being the same as him the religious persons destroy the truth of their own equality with others through the injustice of one person condemning the other The making of sin Jews and pagans behave like this without realizing, but they are bth responsible for this unawareness, which makes them sinful ** for pagans- excuse is that god does not exist or is not concerned with what becomes of humans ** For jews- excuse is that god is on their side because they say they are on gods side, or that god cannot fail to condemn the pagans Structural sin- one feels

Liberation Ethics Liberaton- desire of oppressed peoples and social classes, emphasizing the conflictual aspect of economic, social, and poitical processes that put them at odds with wealthy nations and oppressive classes Development- places alongside underdevelopment, characterize economies or peoples of 2/3 world Does not undermine abusive power relationships between those at the center and those at the perioheries Dependency Function to reinscribe nationalist and racist prejudices Catholic social teaching and development Encyclical populorum progression (on the development of peoples) moral issues involved in development Add integral so that the development is not thought of in economic terms Emphasizes the conintuing impact of colonialism and dependency of the poor on the wealthy Response-medellin

On wearing Skirts Without Underwear Includes margins of diolague without blanket terms with assumptions about the life of the poor, of women in latin America Teologia indecente is a postitive theology that aims to uncover false hermeneutics Vigin mary can be portrayed as a poor peasant mother, poorest women in her community is a child prostitute in the streets The commonality between post colonialism and indecent hermeneutics is that women do not claim essentialism and neither does the colonial subject want to do so Decendy/Indecency is a dialectal praxis based on the following: Sex is a given natural phenonmenon Gods sexual story is normative, he has sex with young mary without realationship, jesus is conceived by malde desire Liberation theology fails to confront the questions that women are asking about the male contruscted Christ We are not questioning the male savior We need to think about what we are advocating when we are advocating for a king Christ who is male as the liberator Christ is a part of the male trinity Issues of domestic violence in Christology Task of feminist post-colonial hermeneutics is similar to the objectives of and indecent theology of interpretation by subverting *indecent Christology is the product of the experience and reflection of poor women **Christ is not represented as a mature, sexually active man, mary is supposed to have conceived without orgasm, women identify Christianity with love but not with sexuality we dont see women as in control of their own sexuality ***we should consider women as being in control of their desires and pleasures, free to express themselves sexually with their own bodies What does womens sexuality tell us about Christ? Theology from womens sexuality which could enlighten us to see new models of thought and economic systems Ritual Prostitution Poor woman was supporting the temple through the sacrifice of her body, Relates to marxs idea that the worker that has nothing to offer except himself The ritual prostitution workds by obscuring options that women have from the economic and religious times in which they live Most men masturbate even though it is considered sinful decent women do not masturbate. It would be more natural to think that Christ assumed all the sexual ptentials that human being has when born, before being moulded into strait jackets of patriarchial man or patriarchially defined women. ** Gender complementarity- Male || Female Male- masculine, female- feminine Feminism FINAL PAPER On feminism and backlash Man hating, bra burning, ugly women, lesbians who want to be men, anti family Feminism- bad word Good girls dont swear Feminism broadly defined Radical noton that women are people, that women are whole human beings, deserving equal equality Many types of feminists Liberal( equal rights) Marxist Socialist (oppressive structures) Third world and women of color feminists Separatist (serparating men, because equality is hopeless Patriarchy law of the father a way to speak about ale dominated social structures androcentrism- male deisres are ideas are given greater credence than womens desires and ideas represents whole set of institutions, ideologies: male authority, violence over women examples us eof womens bodies in advertisement women as accessible satisfy male desire

Women in the Church Primary concerns- women experience ( what it is and how to use it) Maleness of god Gender complementary Violence against women Control over reproduction and secualityMore radical approaches Question whether Christianity can eb transformed at al, or whether women should leave Christianity Reject inclusive approaches as ignoring underling oppressive structures Change in content, still oppressive structure

Friday reading- suffering of women Patriarchy- rule of male over the female- violence because it effects womens place in society Violence with strong religious people *Patriarchy- rule of the father male is superior and women are inferior, embedded in structures of human creation, can be changed men view women as their possesions religion, violence, and patriarchy are intertwined relationship between sexuality and violence abduction, rape, sadistic practices the use of gods language to defend oppression of women traps women of faith patriarchy and the christian tradition relationship of husband and wife in patriarchial mairrages wives told to be subject to their husbands as to the lord, since Christ is head of the church, husband is head of his wife wives are told by the bible to obey their husbands women are to forgive the man every time he hurts them, the abuser is not held accountable for his actions, the cycle continues one womans suffering is linked to the suffereings of her sisters and gradually society experiences outrage south African society is violent and the high level of domestic violence against women is a clear indication of this tragedy the home, which should be a safe place, is a place of danger.

Bioethics Concerns issues surrounding human health and flourishing, considering ethical, medical, legal aspects Tuskegee syphilis study 1932-1972, black men were watched to see natural progression of the diseas beginning of life issues greater control over births, birth control, direct sterilization became prevelant humanae vitae pope paul

environmental distruction the world is gods gift, we are destroying that gift. Chrisitans get this idea from genesis stories two account of creation Christian ethics and the environment Sally mcfague Ecofeminist, new ways to combat climate change Genesis 1 Image of god, dominion, subdue Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Anthropology- selfish consumers, denying that we are interdependent on one another, how we are related to others does not matter This is just the way humanity is We have to have a new interpretation of anthropology In her article she presents issues Fate of the oppressed and the fate of the earth are linked Link between oppression and environmental degredation Dichotomies- male/female, white/black Womens bodies are linked to this mistreatment of the environment Puerto rico- Amazon contamination by chevron Texaco Ecological anthroplpgy Educate and earthly theological agenda