THOMAS JEFFERSON

WHAT A GUY!!!

CHARACTER AS PRESIDENT

Good transfer of power

“We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans”

Starts precedent of sending messages to Congress

What TJ does to help the Common Man:

repeals the excise tax repeals the Naturalization Act Alien and Sedition Acts expire

MARBURY v. MADISON

Adams creates 16 federal judgeships

When TJ becomes president, judges are not sat

John Marshall Marbury sues

Madison for his seat

Uses the 1789 Judiciary Act

Marshall:– Judiciary Act is

unconstitutional– Const = Supreme

Law of the Land– SC = interp Const– SC declare laws

unconst or not!

JUDICIAL REVIEW!

ONLY THE SUPREME COURT HAS THE RIGHT TO DECLARE LAWS CONSTITUTIONAL

As a D-R, TJ believed in:

Rights of the Common man big on farming and agriculture

states rights strict interp. of the Const.

France low tariff

small military

REALIZES THAT THEORY DOES NOT WORK OUT IN

REALITY!!!!

JEFFERSON’S MILITARY PROBLEMS

Army = 2500 men Navy almost

nonexistent Barbary Pirates

and Pasha of Tripoli

Tripoli unofficially declares war on the US

JEFFERSON’S POSITION?

Pacifist noninterventionist no large military not like to help

with trade BUT . . .?

REALIZES THE THEORY DOES NOT WORK IN REALITY

Sends in the small navy

begins to build more ships (smaller, faster)

begins to understand the importance of trade and defending trade routes

IMPACT?

Sets a pattern navy gets

experience for the War of 1812

get respect internationally

TJ changes a position

Purchasing Louisiana

Can the US use the Mississippi?

Who owns land west of the Miss when TJ becomes President?

But in 1800, Napoleon . . .

Why?

TJ sends Monroe and Livingston to Paris to buy N.O. and the Floridas

Napoleon . . . Wants to sell all of

the Louisiana Territory for $15 million

What does TJ do?

Does not think the US can buy it? Why not?

What does he do? BIG CHANGE!!!

Strict to Loose! Theory does not work in Reality!

April 1803

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PURCHASE:

Doubles the size of the US

Absolute control of the Mississippi

no more French precedence for

buying land D-R = loose!

LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION

Journals on soil, climate, vegetation, minerals, Indians . . .

2 years, 4 months helped by . . .

SACAJAWEA

Meanwhile, Britain and France are at war -

again!

US trades with both

England winning at sea, France winning on land, US winning in getting rich

war is at a standstill

England: Orders in Council

French decrees British impressing

again (6000 men) who is the US

angry at? Especially because of the . . .

CHEASEPEAKE INCIDENT(1807)

10 miles off the coast of Virginia

British want to board the ship

fires, kills 3 WAR?!!!? No - military too

weak so . . .

EMBARGO ACT (1807)

NO EXPORTING! Good? Bad? See the beginning

of factories in the North (what group did Jefferson like?) Theory versus Reality!

president control commerce?

Trading going on illegally with Canada

March 1809, repeal the Embargo Act

replace with the Non-intercourse Act (1809)