Things you need today

• Be seated right away.

• Have out a notebook and pen/pencil

• Be ready to listen and get going!

Wilson’s Foreign PolicyWilson’s Foreign Policy

He kept us out of war?!?!He kept us out of war?!?!

Mexico’s PolicyMexico was ruled by Porfirio Diaz for about 39

years.

The rule of Diaz was harsh:

- “With Porfirio its either five fingers or five bullets”.

Election of 1910, Diaz v. Madero.

-Diaz wins the election.

Mexico Continued…In 1910, Pancho Villa and Venustiano Carranza launches a revolution in

Mexico to overthrow Diaz in support of Madero.

Three years later, Victoriano Huerta launches

a revolution to overthrow Madero.

Mexico Continued…General Victoriano Huerta captures and killsMadero. Supported by U.S. and Taft.

Huerta declares himself the President ofMexico and asks the United States for officialdiplomatic recognition of his government.

The United States under Woodrow Wilsonrefuses to recognize Mexico under Huerta.MORAL DIPLOMACY.

Moral Diplomacy – Write this down!

• Moral Diplomacy - The idea that the U.S. would support only Latin American governments that were democratic (protected human rights) or supported United States business interests.

Wilson SupportedWilson Supported

Pancho Villa President Carranzo

Huerta Continued…

- U.S. recognizes the government of Carranza. *Villa feels slighted and launches revenge attacks on America.

- 18 Americans on train that crossed border.

- Killed 17 Americans in Columbus, NM after crossing border.

U.S. Army Enters MexicoU.S. Army Enters Mexico• Gen. John “Blackjack” Gen. John “Blackjack”

Pershing.Pershing.

• Leads the U.S. Expedition Leads the U.S. Expedition in Mexico.in Mexico.

• Carranza’s forces dual Carranza’s forces dual with U.S.with U.S.

• Wilson withdraws troops Wilson withdraws troops in January, 1917.in January, 1917.

Initial Reaction to WWI

Neutrality“We left Europe to themselves”

“Neutral in thought

as well as deed”

Problems with American NeutralityProblems with American Neutrality

• Ethnic FactorsEthnic Factors::

-German-German

-Irish-Irish

• Cultural FactorsCultural Factors::

-English language, -English language, Laws, Customs Laws, Customs

Problems with American NeutralityProblems with American Neutrality

• British search U.S. ships for contraband.

Military Factors:

German U-BoatsGerman U-Boats

When attacking military ships, an act of war….When attacking military ships, an act of war….

German U-BoatsGerman U-Boats

When attacking civilian ships, an act of murder.When attacking civilian ships, an act of murder.

- Britain would fly neutral flags on their own - Britain would fly neutral flags on their own merchant ships merchant ships

Lusitania• May 17, 1915• 1,198 killed 761

rescued.• 128 Americans on

board are killed.• Shifted public opinion

towards British - Germans were

“Savages drunk with blood”

Sussex Pledge Sussex Pledge (1916)(1916) • Wilson demands an end to passenger liner attacks Wilson demands an end to passenger liner attacks

by Germany.by Germany.

U.S. Moves Towards WarU.S. Moves Towards War• January 13, 1917January 13, 1917

• Germans resume Submarine warfare on U.S. Ships.Germans resume Submarine warfare on U.S. Ships.

Wilson Wilson vsvs. Roosevelt. Roosevelt

““Dove”Dove” ““Hawk”Hawk”

Zimmerman TelegraphZimmerman Telegraph

• Sent by Arthur Sent by Arthur Zimmerman German Zimmerman German Foreign Minister to Foreign Minister to Mexico Mexico (January 1917).(January 1917).

• Mexico should get Mexico should get involved if U.S. enters involved if U.S. enters war.war.

• Mexico will be Mexico will be rewarded if they attack.rewarded if they attack.

Zimmerman Telegraph

Declaration of WarApril 2, 1917

Reasons for US entry into World War I

• War profits- U.S. traded heavily with Britain and France

• Cultural support for England

• Security of loans to Europe

• The vision of a “liberal democratic world order”: