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Thermodynamics: Lecture 1
Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering
13th January, 2015
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 2: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Role of Thermodynamics
Introduce public education with
moderation, avoiding bloodshed if
possible- Saltykov-Shchedrin
What do we want to do? Ans:Understand the properties of materials
Attempt via a Microscopic picture
We need to keep track of an enormous number ofmolecules (∼Avagadro’s number)
The situation gets quite complicated :( :(: for mostproblems of importance.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 3: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Role of Thermodynamics
Introduce public education with
moderation, avoiding bloodshed if
possible- Saltykov-Shchedrin
What do we want to do? Ans:Understand the properties of materials
Attempt via a Microscopic picture
We need to keep track of an enormous number ofmolecules (∼Avagadro’s number)
The situation gets quite complicated :( :(: for mostproblems of importance.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 4: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Role of Thermodynamics
Introduce public education with
moderation, avoiding bloodshed if
possible- Saltykov-Shchedrin
What do we want to do? Ans:Understand the properties of materials
Attempt via a Microscopic picture
We need to keep track of an enormous number ofmolecules (∼Avagadro’s number)
The situation gets quite complicated :( :(: for mostproblems of importance.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 5: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Role of Thermodynamics
Introduce public education with
moderation, avoiding bloodshed if
possible- Saltykov-Shchedrin
What do we want to do? Ans:Understand the properties of materials
Attempt via a Microscopic picture
We need to keep track of an enormous number ofmolecules (∼Avagadro’s number)
The situation gets quite complicated :( :(: for mostproblems of importance.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 6: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Role of Thermodynamics
Introduce public education with
moderation, avoiding bloodshed if
possible- Saltykov-Shchedrin
What do we want to do? Ans:Understand the properties of materials
Attempt via a Microscopic picture
We need to keep track of an enormous number ofmolecules (∼Avagadro’s number)
The situation gets quite complicated :( :(: for mostproblems of importance.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 7: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Role of Thermodynamics
Introduce public education with
moderation, avoiding bloodshed if
possible- Saltykov-Shchedrin
What do we want to do? Ans:Understand the properties of materials
Attempt via a Microscopic picture
We need to keep track of an enormous number ofmolecules (∼Avagadro’s number)
The situation gets quite complicated :( :(: for mostproblems of importance.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 8: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Role of Thermodynamics
Introduce public education with
moderation, avoiding bloodshed if
possible- Saltykov-Shchedrin
What do we want to do? Ans:Understand the properties of materials
Attempt via a Microscopic picture
We need to keep track of an enormous number ofmolecules (∼Avagadro’s number)
The situation gets quite complicated :( :(: for mostproblems of importance.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 9: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Role of Thermodynamics
Introduce public education with
moderation, avoiding bloodshed if
possible- Saltykov-Shchedrin
What do we want to do? Ans:Understand the properties of materials
Attempt via a Microscopic picture
We need to keep track of an enormous number ofmolecules (∼Avagadro’s number)
The situation gets quite complicated :( :(: for mostproblems of importance.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 10: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Role of Thermodynamics
Grand Question: What do I do now? Do
I have options?
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 11: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Role of Thermodynamics
Grand Question: What do I do now? Do
I have options?
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 12: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Simulation of a Complicated Situation
Please tell me your strategy, that will
help your friend gain some precious time.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 13: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Simulation of a Complicated Situation
Please tell me your strategy, that will
help your friend gain some precious time.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 14: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Summary of Strategy
Venture boldly with an intelligent guess.
Discover laws.
Laws can never be proved to be right,
they can only be proved to be wrong.
This bold leap combined with clever
reasoning can spring a few pleasant
surprises.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 15: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Summary of Strategy
Venture boldly with an intelligent guess.
Discover laws.
Laws can never be proved to be right,
they can only be proved to be wrong.
This bold leap combined with clever
reasoning can spring a few pleasant
surprises.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 16: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Summary of Strategy
Venture boldly with an intelligent guess.
Discover laws.
Laws can never be proved to be right,
they can only be proved to be wrong.
This bold leap combined with clever
reasoning can spring a few pleasant
surprises.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 17: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Summary of Strategy
Venture boldly with an intelligent guess.
Discover laws.
Laws can never be proved to be right,
they can only be proved to be wrong.
This bold leap combined with clever
reasoning can spring a few pleasant
surprises.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 18: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Example: Dimensional Analysis
Law: The formulae of physics are
independent of dimension.
Clever reasoning is required to realize
the restriction imposed by this Law of
Physics. This (restriction) is often useful
in a complex situation.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 19: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Example: Dimensional Analysis
Law: The formulae of physics are
independent of dimension.
Clever reasoning is required to realize
the restriction imposed by this Law of
Physics. This (restriction) is often useful
in a complex situation.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 20: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Example: Dimensional Analysis
Law: The formulae of physics are
independent of dimension.
Clever reasoning is required to realize
the restriction imposed by this Law of
Physics. This (restriction) is often useful
in a complex situation.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 21: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Guess + Reasoning=?
Thermodynamics: The remarkableguesses of Mr Sadi Carnot and his finereasoning.
The restrictions posed by the two laws ofthermodynamics leads to astonishing relations betweenthe properties of matter.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 22: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Guess + Reasoning=?
Thermodynamics: The remarkableguesses of Mr Sadi Carnot and his finereasoning.
The restrictions posed by the two laws ofthermodynamics leads to astonishing relations betweenthe properties of matter.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 23: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Role of Macroscopic Thermodynamics
The determination of the relationships
among the various properties of materials
without knowing their internal structure
is the subject of Thermodynamics
- Prof R P Feynman.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 24: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Role of Macroscopic Thermodynamics
The determination of the relationships
among the various properties of materials
without knowing their internal structure
is the subject of Thermodynamics
- Prof R P Feynman.
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 25: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Role of Macroscopic Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the study of the
restrictions on the possible properties of
matter that follow from the symmetry
properties of the fundamental laws of
Physics
Herbert Callen
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 26: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Role of Macroscopic Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the study of the
restrictions on the possible properties of
matter that follow from the symmetry
properties of the fundamental laws of
Physics
Herbert Callen
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 27: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Role of Macroscopic Thermodynamics:
Examples
For ideal gases Cp(T ) − Cv(T ) = R .
U(T ) for an ideal gas.
During Phase transformations (Clausius
Clapeyron equation)
L
T (VG − VL)=
(∂Pvap
∂T
)
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 28: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Role of Macroscopic Thermodynamics:
Examples
For ideal gases Cp(T ) − Cv(T ) = R .
U(T ) for an ideal gas.
During Phase transformations (Clausius
Clapeyron equation)
L
T (VG − VL)=
(∂Pvap
∂T
)
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 29: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Role of Macroscopic Thermodynamics:
Examples
Relation for Joule Thompson Expansion
µ =
(∂T
∂P
)h
=1
cp
[T
(∂v
∂T
)P
− v
]
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science
![Page 30: Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 - WordPress.com · 2018. 4. 3. · Thermodynamics: Lecture 1 Sai Jagan Mohan, Department of Mechanical Engineering 13th January, 2015 BITSx F111: Thermodynamics](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070219/612818d76c1cd54fa77f10f5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Role of Macroscopic Thermodynamics:
Examples
Relation for Joule Thompson Expansion
µ =
(∂T
∂P
)h
=1
cp
[T
(∂v
∂T
)P
− v
]
BITSx F111: Thermodynamics Birla Institute of Technology & Science