the water purifiers final report
TRANSCRIPT
YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY, ISTANBUL
ME 482 Design of Mechanical Systems
Term Project Report
Group 2
Doruk ANGUN
Peren AKSU
Ramazan GÖKAY
Salih GÜVEN
Mechanical Engineering Department
Instructor: Yrd. Doc. Dr. Namık Cıblak
Spring 2015
Letter of Authorization
ME 482 Term Project Report
APPROVED BY:
Yrd. Doc. Dr. Namık Cıblak :…………………………………………
STUDENT NAME:
Doruk ANGUN: ...............................................................................................
Peren AKSU: ………………………………………………………………….
Ramazan GÖKAY: ............................................................................................
Salih GÜVEN: ............................................................................................
DEPARTMENT:
Mechanical Engineering
II
DATE OF APPROVAL: 15.05.2015
ABSTRACT
Nowadays water treatment systems get important. Individuals or companies start to use water treatment systems to protect clean water sources. Everywhere people use demijohns to supply drink water. However, usage of demijohn brings some disadvantages like health problems causing from carrying or cleaning. In this project, the aim is to design an automated central water filtering system connected to existing water dispensers that are in Yeditepe Engineering floors. Through this project, drawbacks that considered above are eliminated.
III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ……………………………….……………………………..…….…1
2. LITERATURE SURVEY.............…………………………………………….………...3
3. PRELIMINARY DESIGN ALTERNATIVES……………………...……….……...…6
4. DESIGN SELECTION ………………..…………………...………………………..….13
5. CALCULATIONS…… ………..……………………………...……..…………………14
6. COST ANALYSIS ………..…………………...….……………..…………………......19
7. SIMULATION………………………………………………………………………...…23
8. CONCLUSION……….…………………………………………………………...……..25
9. REFERENCES………….……………………………………………………….……....26
10. APPENDIX …………………………………………………………………….………27
IV
1. INTRODUCTION
The water plays an important role on nature. It helps to ensure the continuity of aliveness. Humans, animals and plants use the water their own needs. The water is an essential part of human life, since the water constitutes the %60-70 of the human body weight. Beside of these essential needs, humans use the water for some other needs like cleaning and fun. Whole water cannot be used directly for each activity. For example, the water must have some proper values to drunk by humans. While some water has these proper values naturally, some water does not and it requires extra treatment and purification methods. And then it should be distributed to people properly. Therefore water purification and distribution are as important as water itself.
In todays, city water can supply many needs for humans. However it cannot be drunk by humans in many cities and people have to buy drinkable water. That drinkable water is distributed within bottles. In some public institutions or homes, the drinkable water is distributed within water dispensers which is a device that provides hot and cold water quickly. Still, most of the dispenser gets the water from big water bottle which is called demijohn. This is an insufficient water supply system because it is a discrete supply and it could not provide water needs continuously. When the water of the demijohn runs out, the demijohn must be changed to get water again. This demijohn changing process may include some difficulties. For example, if there is not extra demijohn near the water dispenser the person has to wait for the full demijohn. This causes waste of time. Even if there is an extra demijohn near the water dispenser, it still includes some difficulties. Since a demijohn is 19 liter and it has unbalanced shape, it can cause some health problems. The number of water dispenser and changing frequency of the demijohns are also problem. If the number of water dispenser is not enough and demijohns are changed rarely, people cannot access the water properly, they waste their times by waiting or they can have some health problem during demijohn changing process. Because of these problems and needs, an automated central water filtering system was designed for Yeditepe University Engineering building. In this report, this automated central water system is explained.
In our project, that automated central water filtering system must have compact size, it includes long life span tools and devices, the system must be efficient, reliable and low cost. The system operates non stopping. These features can be described as the objectives of the project. On the other hand, the system must include a clean water tank, a pump, PPRC type piping system, hot and cold taps and finally there must be one dispenser for each floor. These features can be considered as the scope of the project.
The automated central water filtering system includes four major subsystems which are water supply subsystem, filtering subsystem, connector subsystem and interface subsystem. Water supply subsystem includes five parts which are piston pump, clean water tank, PPRC type piping system, hydrophore and control unit. Filtering subsystem occurs from two parts which are sand filter and reverse osmosis filter. Connector subsystem includes two parts which are hose adapter and fitting. And the interface subsystem occurs from the water prism as shown Figure 1.
V
Figure 1.1: Project Partition Tree
VI
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Water treatment and purification methods are as significant as water itself. Therefore, many institutions are constituted, many patents are invented or these issues become an important topic for many scientific studies and researches.
2.1 Companies
This section includes some companies which work for water purification, filtration and human health.
Sartorius is a company that one of the world’s leading laboratory equipment providers. They produces innovative products that helps customers to overcome in laboratory environment. In our topic, Sartorius develop products according to customer needs. They can produce laboratory water suppliers by type of source, by application or by system.
Sweet Water company is producing water treatment systems and under sink water filters. Ecologist James P. McMahon develop suitable systems for commercial or household systems.
National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) is an organization that works on public health and safety. It has a professional staff of microbiologists, engineers, toxicologists, chemists and so on. Also NSF laboratories provide a wide range of testing and certification about human health.
PUR is a company that produce high technology filtration systems for consumers. They develop faucet filters, pitchers & dispensers and replacement filters. Also PUR has NSF certificate which means that their products are certified by National Sanitation Foundation that highly recommended in public health and safety.
Amway is a worldwide company that produces many goods in different area. They develop water purifiers for last users that has low cost and easy to install.
2.2 Patents
In this section, some patents are mentioned with respect to our project.
a) Reverse Osmosis Purification System – [US 6,190,558 B1 – Feb.20, 2001 – Robbins]
In this patent as shown in the Figure 2, reverse osmosis technique was used that widespread and efficient. In the system, a motor driven pump supplies a feed stream to a reverse osmosis unit resulting in the creation of a product water stream and concentrate or brine stream. Also, the system has recirculation mode which sends the product water stream to mixing unit and that results with producing more pure water.
7
Figure 2.1: Reverse Osmosis Purification [1]
b) Drinking Water Purification Device - [US 2014/0008302 A1 – Jan.09, 2014 – King]
In this patent as shown in the Figure 3, a fast acting system was developed by the founder. System contains silver ions that suitable for personal or household water containers. The purification part contains a source of silver ions and a compound containing a hydantoin ring that increased the presence of silver ions. Thereby, harmful microorganisms can be quickly killed without any other addition.
Figure 2.2: Drinking Water Purification Device [2]
8
c) Water Purification – [US 2014/0367344 A1 – Dec.18 2014 – Faure]
In this system as shown in the Figure 4, oxygen introduced water by the help of electrolysis of the water. Then, that water treated with some ionized transition metal. The system prevents growth of bacteria, fungal and viral pathogens in water. Also, it provides non-toxic method of ensuring public health.
Figure 2.3: Water Purification [3]
d) Wireless Water Purification Systems and Wireless Remote Dispensing Devices For Water Purification Systems – [US 7,824,543 B2 – Nov.02, 2010 – Larkner]
In this patent as shown in the Figure 5, a water purification system was equipped with a wireless controller system. In this system, the main purification unit was connected with remote dispensers by fluidly. Also, they have wireless transceivers that make communication between purification unit and dispensers.
Figure 2.4: Wireless Water Purification [4]
9
e) Water Purification Systems – [US 7,927,488 B1 – Apr.19, 2011 – Wilfong ]
In this system as shown Figure 6, the governing idea is utilizing oxidation. After oxidation, the constituents can be removed by the help of a filter. Thus, impurities in the consuming water can be removed easily. Also, this invention was balance the pH of the water by reduce the hydronium ion concentration. Moreover, when pH increased the corrosivity of the water reduced.
Figure 2.5: Water Purification System [5]
2.3 Scientific Studies
In this section, some scientific studies and academic research is mentioned. Up to now, a scientific study has concerned about osmotic water purification system. Osmotic water purification systems produces a clean sugar – electrolyte drink from almost any water source [6].
A study which was published at 2000 concerned about the cleanliness of the drinking water. This study was conducted because in the beginning of the 2000’s, Canada’s drinking water has become a very important subject because of the Escherichia coli infection in Walkerton [7].
Another academic research was interested with household water purification system. In household applications, people can use ceramic filters, chlorination with storage in an improved vessel, solar disinfection and so on. However, each of these applications have limitation and the have to be improve [8].
And another scientific study was about carbon nanotube membrane for water purification. Water purification is a subject that works on nano size particles or infectives. Thereby, nanotechnology is directly influence on water purification systems. As mentioned in the article, a carbon nanotube membrane make the transport of water and antimicrobial properties faster [9].
10
3. PRELIMINARY DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
3.1 Interfaces
Preliminary research ideas are examined in this part. Firstly water dispenser alternatives were observed.
Figure 1: Water dispenser shape looks like a drop.
Figure 2: Environmentally friendly water dispenser concept. There are plants in water dispenser.
Figure 3: A retrofittable part like Yeditepe University logo
11
Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2
Figure 3.3
Figure 4: Water dispenser shape based on our Yeditepe university logo.
Figure 5: In this drawing water dispenser is smart, it can walk around the rooms.
Figure 6: Electro dispenser has a monitor that reminds people. It has an option to select the temperature for people.
Figure 7: There is an option for using solar systems for heating the water for the water dispenser.
12
Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5
Figure 3.6Figure 3.7
3.2 Filters
Some filter drawings for preliminary design alternatives:
Figure 8: A retrofittable idea for each water dispenser, gard filter added to the pipe before water gets in the water dispenser.
Figure 9: All in one filter includes a chemical filter. Purifying water is important for human health. In this chemical filter body region the mission can achieved.
Figure 10: It is an original reverse osmosis filter, in this drawing each floor has reverse osmosis and reverse osmosis added to pipe only.
13
Figure 3.8
Figure 3.9 Figure 3.10
Figure 11: It is a idea for using sand filter in a storage tank.
Figure 12: This drawing called screw power generator, it has a rotational part.
Figure 13: Multi layered filtering can be used for water clarifying. Multi layered filtration has 8 layers which are sediment filtration, granule active filtration, block carbon, membrane filtration, silver ionized post carbon, mineral filter, alkaline filter, bioceramic filter.
14
Figure 3.12Figure 3.13
Figure 3.11
3.3 Connectors
Apparatus is important for fitting pipe to water dispensers. There are same drawings for fitting the pipe.
Figure 14: Hose adapter is for fitting pipe to water dispenser, it has an easy use and one click it fits to the water dispenser mouth.
Figure 15: It is a connection apparatus for water dispenser and pipe. It has low cost and practical idea for a connector.
15
Figure 3.14 Figure 3.15
Figure 16: This drawing shows that easy way to fitting pipe to water dispenser, it has two parts one part has threads and other part is stable.
Figure 17: this system includes one check valve at the bottom floor which provides one way flow to the floors.
Figure 18: In this system all floors has gate valves for security.
Figure 19: In this research pipe types are analyzed and PPRC type of pipe is observed.
16
Figure 3.16 Figure 3.17
Figure 3.18Figure 3.19
Figure 20: System for clean water which includes pump, storage tank, filter.
Figure 21: System layout includes some filters and carbon units.
17
Figure 3.21
Figure 3.20
4. DESIGN SELECTION
Selection of designs has some criteria’s like aesthetics, cost and function. These are the selected design charts for some subsystems according to criteria selection techniques. In the first part of the election group members voted for determination of evaluating criteria of each preliminary design group (Appendix 1). After that, each preliminary design alternatives were evaluated in terms of determined criteria (Appendix 2). Finally, the results are as follows;
18
Figure 4.1: Interface selection result Figure 4.2: Pump selection result
Figure 4.3: Filter selection result
Figure 4.4: Connector selection result
5. CALCULATIONS
Calculation starts with measuring the head losses for each floors. Head loss calculation has two parts: Major head loss & Minor head loss. Before major head loss flow rate of each floors must be determined. Volume of the container is 150 ml. For one container, estimation time is taken as 5 seconds for filling the container. Flow rate is determined from that information and taken as 0.15 m3/h (included safety) and therefore Yeditepe Engineering building has 9 floors and total flow rate is calculated as 1.35 m3/h. After flow rate is calculated, our system pipe type is selected. In this system PPRC type pipes are used. PPRC type starts with 20 mm pipes.
Velocity in the pipe is determined from:
v= 4∗q
π∗D2 (1)
Velocity in the pipe shouldn’t exceed 1.5 m/s. If velocity is greater than 1.5 pipe diameter should be selected bigger than the first used diameter. After velocity is calculated Reynolds number should be checked. Flow regime must be observed.
ℜ= ρvDμ
(2)
Friction factor should be found from Moody chart for turbulent flow (Re>2000) and for laminar flow friction factor is;
f =64 /ℜ (3)
Length of the floors is taken as 4 meters. Eventually major head loss equation is;
h f=
f ∗lD
∗v2
2 g(4)
19
This table shows flow rates, velocities, Reynolds number, head losses for each floor.
Total head loss is calculated as 1.549 m.
5.1 Major Loss
Major head loss decreases as height increases.
Velocity decreases as height increases because of the flow rate.
20
Figure 5.1.1: Major head loss vs Floor Number
Table 5.1: Results of main calculations
Figure 5.1.2: Velocity vs Floor Number
5.2 Minor Loss
Minor loss occurs in a pipe due to the components below,
1. Fittings. (Elbows, tees, bends and other types)
2. Valves. (Check valves, gate valves and other types)
3. Inlet and outlet geometry.
4. Expansions and contractions in the pipe.
These components affect the flow and additional losses occur because of flow separation and
mixing due to them. Generally, total minor loss is less than the total major loss in a system.
The minor losses are associated with
Velocity (V)
Loss Coefficient (KL)
Gravity
Minor losses are calculated by:
hL=K L∗V 2
2 g
In our water purification system design we have used some fittings and valves. Number of
components used in each floor and the total numbers are shown in Figure.1.
Figure 5.2.1: Number of components used.
21
According to the components presented in Figure.1, minor losses at each floor due to the
fittings and valves are calculated by using their loss coefficient values. (Table 1.)
Table 5.2.2: Minor loss and velocity calculations
As a result of the calculations, total minor loss due to the fittings is calculated as 0.194 meters
and minor loss due to valves is calculated as 0.277 meters. Therefore, total minor loss in the pipe
system is
hminor=minor fittings+minorvalves=0.194 m+0.277 m=0.471meters
Figure 5.2.3: Minor head loss change for each floor
22
Up to now, minor loss and major loss calculations are done. According to their results,
total loss in the pipeline is calculated as
htotal=hmajor+hminor=1.549 m+0.471m=2.020 meters
Selection of the pump highly depends on the loss calculations in order to supply the
purified water up to the highest floor. Total height of the building is assumed as 36 meters.
Since the total head loss calculated as 2.020 meters; to design a water purification system to
this building we need to choose a pump that has a minimum head of
hpump=hbuilding+hloss=36 m+2.020 m=38 meters
23
6. COST ANALYSIS
Total cost of this design consists of
1. Pipes and fittings
2. Valves
3. Filters
4. Pump
5. Control Unit
6. Water Tank
7. Design and engineering costs.
6.1 Cost of pipes and fittings
a) T-Piece
Figure 6.1: T-Piece fitting
Brand / Model Number= FIRAT / 7742252520 [10]
Unit Cost= 0.50 TL
Total Cost= 8 x 0.50 TL= 4 TL
b) 90° elbow
Figure 6.2: 90 degree elbow fitting
Brand / Model Number= FIRAT / 771000025[10]
Unit Cost= 0.40 TL
Total Cost= 2 x 0.40 TL= 0.80 TL
24
c) Straight pipe
Figure 6.3: Straight pipe
Brand / Model Number= FIRAT / PPRC with fiberglass [10]
20 mm
Cost per meter= 2.99 TL
Total Cost=40 m x 2.99 TL= 119.6 TL
25 mm
Cost per meter= 4.34 TL
Total Cost=20 m x 4.34 TL= 86.8 TL
Total cost of straight pipe = 119.6 TL + 86.8 TL= 206.4 TL
6.2 Cost of valves:
a) Gate valves
Figure 6.2.1: Gate valve
Brand / Model Number= DUYAR / DIN 3216 [11]
Unit Cost= 10 TL
Total Cost= 8 x 10 TL= 80 TL
25
b) Check valves
Figure 6.2.2: Check valve
Brand / Model Number= DUYAR / Disc Type Check Valve [11]
Unit Cost= 42 TL
Total Cost= 1 x 42 TL= 42 TL
6.3 Cost of Filter
Figure 6.3.1: Reverse osmosis filter
Reverse Osmosis filter is used in this design according to the election between design
alternatives.
Brand / Model Number= WATTS / R12-1200-1 Wall Mounted RO System [12]
Total Cost= 7830TL
6.4 Cost of pump
Figure 6.4.1: Pump
26
Brand / Model Number= WILO / FMHI 405 1,1/2-M-1-E Multi Staged Horizontal Domestic
Hidrofor [13]
Total Cost=1.961 TL
6.5 Cost of control unit
Brand / Model Number= RG CONTROL UNIT / SG5221 Water Pump Controller
Total Cost= 175 TL
6.6 Cost of water tank
Figure 6.6.1: Water tank
Brand / Model Number= KARMOD / Y 300 [14]
Total Cost= 500 TL
6.7 Design and engineering costs
Estimated cost of design and engineering cost is 10000 TL
According to these costs total cost to apply this design to Yeditepe University Engineering
floors is calculated as ;
TotalCost=10,000+7,830+1,961+500+206.4+171+80+42+4+0.80=20,795 TL
27
7. SIMULATION
Simulation is an useful tool to observe deficiencies of the system before build the system. Designing a pipe system is a sensitive job that need inspection in each step. Also, a control system is a necessity for a closed system to operate easily. According to these constraints a control simulation was designed in Simulink.
7.1 The general control diagram
Figure x: The general control diagram
In the diagram above a well known controller was used which name is PID controller. PID controller has many advantages in control field. The most important one is fast converging capability. Thats why in this system PID controller was used. The input step block represents the desired water level of the tank. The disturbation after the pumping subsystem simulates the usage of water by individuals. Furthermore, display shows the instant water level of the tank
7.1.1 The Pumping Subsystem
In the control loop the actual dynamic system was modeled as pumping subsystem. It includes all system dynamics for example pipes, elbows, tees, dispensers and so on. Here, all calculated dimensions were given to the system to obtain more realistic result from simulation. Dispensers were modeled as “Constant head tank” in the subsystem. Also, clean water tank can be seen as “Reservoir” and “Fixed displacement pump” was simulates the actual pump in the real system. The subsystem can be seen in the following page.
28
7.1.2 The results
After the diagram runs successfully the simulation gives the steady state “Water level vs Time” graph of the system. Here, when the system run the water level of the tank was drop catastrophic because the dispensers were empty. After dispensers filled up with water the system reaches steady state region. Also, tiny peak which can be considered as water usage of individuals can be seen in the figure below. In addition, this plot contains an accelerated simulation. It is obvious that it is impossible to fill up the tank 50 liters of water in 1.5 seconds safely.
Figure x: Water level versus Time graph
29
8. CONCLUSION
Water is one of the most important thing for human being. Individuals should drink enough water every day for living healthy. World’s clean water resources are slightly decreasing day by day. For this reason, alternative sources for clean water come into question. Accordingly, demand for water treatment systems significantly increase in last 5 years. Companies, hospitals, schools set up water treatment systems in buildings.
In this project, an automated central water filtering system that connected to existing water dispensers was designed. This project includes only Yeditepe University Engineering Department floors. In the beginning of the project the need and the statement of the problem were obtained. Then, according to these need and problem remedial objectives and scopes were determined. In the next step, a detailed literature research was done for water filtering systems. After that, some preliminary design alternatives were generated. In preliminary design alternatives, focused on feasible solutions. Then, with the help of elimination techniques successful designs were selected.
On the next part, selected designs were examined in details. In detailed design; external dimensions, material requirements, design life and operating parameters were determined. According to detailed design results calculations & cost analysis of the system were done step by step. Finally, the simulation of the system was conducted.
To summarize, a retrofittable system was designed for Yeditepe Engineering Department floors. The system designed based on having long life span. Also, efficient and low cost appliances were considered during the design stage. With this system individuals do not wait for changing of demijohns. The most important thing that health problems caused by demijohns was be removed.
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9. REFERENCES
[1] Robbins, Adam. "Reverse osmosis purification system." U.S. Patent No. 6,190,558. 20 Feb. 2001.
[2] King, Joseph. "Drinking Water Purification Device." U.S. Patent No. 2014/0008302 A1. 09 Jan. 2014.
[3] Faure, Frederick Jacobus. "Water Purification." U.S. Patent No. 2014/0367344 A1. 18 Dec. 2014.
[4] Larkner, Thomas Joseph. "Wireless water purification systems and wireless remote dispensing devices for water purification systems." U.S. Patent No. 7,824,543. 2 Nov. 2010.
[5] Wilfong, Rudy B. "Water purification systems." U.S. Patent No. 7,927,488. 19 Apr. 2011.
[6] ‘’Point of use water treatment with forward osmosis for emergency relief’’-Ethan Butler, Andrew Silva, Kyle Horton, Zachary Rom, Malgorzata Chwatko, Arie Havasov, Jeffrey R. McCutcheon.
[7] "Making Our Water Safe to Drink "- Weir, Erica. Canadian Medical Association Journal (2000).
[8] "Household water purification: Low-cost interventions."Agrawal, V. K., and R. Bhalwar. Medical Journal Armed Forces India 65.3 (2009): 260-263.
[9] ‘’High performance and antifouling vertically aligned carbon nanotube membrane forwater purification’’ - YoungbinBaek , CholinKim , DongKyunSeo , TaewooKim , JeongSeokLee , YongHyupKim , KyungHyunAhn , SangSeekBae , SangCheolLee , Jaelim Lim , KyunghyukLee , JeyongYoon
[10] http://www.firat.com/userfiles/file/pdf/tr/Brosurler2014/PPRC-KOMPOZIT_TR_2014.pdf
[11] http://www.duyarvana.com/
[12] http://www.belkraft.com/images/R12.jpg
[13] http://www.wiloturkiye.com/FMHI-405-112-M-1-E-Monofaze-Cok-Kademeli-Yatay-Hidromatli-Hidrofor%2cPR-264.html
[14] http://www.karmod.com
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10.APPENDIX
10.1 Criteria Selection
32
Inte
rfac
e
Doru
kPe
ren
Ram
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Salih
Inte
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eDo
ruk
Pere
nRa
maz
anSa
lihSU
MN
orm
aliz
edRe
lativ
e
Wei
ght
Inte
rfac
eRe
lativ
e W
eigh
tCo
stFu
nctio
nFu
nctio
nAe
sthe
ticAe
sthe
tics
22
13
80,
3333
%Ae
sthe
tics
33%
Aest
hetic
Aest
hetic
sCo
stFu
nctio
nCo
st3
12
17
0,29
29%
Cost
29%
Func
tion
Cost
Aest
hetic
Cost
Func
tion
13
32
90,
3838
%Fu
nctio
n38
%
Wat
er P
ump
Doru
kPe
ren
Ram
azan
Salih
Wat
er P
ump
Doru
kPe
ren
Ram
azan
Salih
SUM
Nor
mal
ized
Rela
tive
W
eigh
tW
ater
Pum
pRe
lativ
e W
eigh
tEffi
cien
cyFu
nctio
nEffi
cien
cyEffi
cien
cyEffi
cien
cy3
23
311
0,46
46%
Effici
ency
46%
Cost
Effici
ency
Cost
Func
tion
Cost
21
21
60,
2525
%Co
st25
%Fu
nctio
nCo
stFu
nctio
nCo
stFu
nctio
n1
31
27
0,29
29%
Func
tion
29%
Filte
rs
Doru
kPe
ren
Ram
azan
Salih
Filte
rsDo
ruk
Pere
nRa
maz
anSa
lihSU
MN
orm
aliz
edRe
lativ
e
Wei
ght
Filte
rsRe
lativ
e W
eigh
tLi
fesp
anFu
nctio
nLi
fesp
anLi
fesp
anLi
fesp
an3
23
311
0,46
46%
Life
span
46%
Func
tion
Life
span
Func
tion
Func
tion
Cost
11
11
40,
1717
%Co
st17
%Co
stCo
stCo
stCo
stFu
nctio
n2
32
29
0,38
38%
Func
tion
38%
Conn
ecto
rs
Doru
kPe
ren
Ram
azan
Salih
Conn
ecto
rsDo
ruk
Pere
nRa
maz
anSa
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MN
orm
aliz
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lativ
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Wei
ght
Conn
ecto
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lativ
e W
eigh
tFu
nctio
nAe
sthe
ticFu
nctio
nAe
sthe
ticAe
sthe
tic1
31
38
0,33
33%
Life
span
33%
Cost
Func
tion
Cost
Func
tion
Cost
21
21
60,
2525
%Co
st25
%Ae
sthe
ticCo
stAe
sthe
ticCo
stFu
nctio
n3
23
210
0,42
42%
Func
tion
42%
10.2 Final Scores for Design Selection
33
Inte
rfac
esEc
o Di
spen
ser
Doru
kPe
ren
Ram
azan
Salih
Tota
l Sco
reW
eigh
ed S
core
Aest
hetic
(33%
)3
41
19
Cost
(29%
)0
02
24
9,07
Func
tion
(38%
)2
44
313
Drop
Sha
peAe
sthe
tic0
14
49
Cost
23
00
55,
18Fu
nctio
n0
11
02
Wat
er P
yram
idAe
sthe
tic3
11
16
Cost
43
44
159,
75Fu
nctio
n4
11
39
Wat
er P
umps
Pist
on P
ump
Doru
kPe
ren
Ram
azan
Salih
Tota
l Sco
reW
eigh
ed S
core
Effici
ency
(46%
)3
43
414
Cost
(25%
)1
03
15
11,4
6Fu
nctio
n (2
9%)
23
44
13St
age
Cent
rifug
alEffi
cien
cy1
12
15
Cost
22
21
76,
37Fu
nctio
n3
31
18
Ball
Floo
r Typ
eEffi
cien
cy2
11
15
Cost
34
14
126,
17Fu
nctio
n1
01
13
34
Filte
rsAl
l in
One
Filt
erDo
ruk
Pere
nRa
maz
anSa
lihTo
tal S
core
Wei
ghed
Sco
reLi
fesp
an (4
6%)
14
46
15Co
st (1
7%)
73
12
1314
,05
Func
tion
(38%
)1
51
613
In P
lace
Filt
ratio
nLi
fesp
an4
24
313
Cost
00
65
1113
,55
Func
tion
62
43
15In
tern
al S
and
Filte
rLi
fesp
an6
83
118
Cost
38
88
2716
,29
Func
tion
41
40
9Re
vers
e O
smos
Filt
erLi
fesp
an8
35
824
Cost
34
44
1523
,47
Func
tion
88
46
26M
ulti
Laye
red
Filte
rLi
fesp
an1
34
210
Cost
75
13
1613
,78
Func
tion
14
75
17
Conn
ecto
rsCo
nnec
tion
Appa
ratu
sDo
ruk
Pere
nRa
maz
anSa
lihTo
tal S
core
Wei
ghed
Sco
reAe
sthe
tic (3
3%)
23
25
12Co
st (2
5%)
76
74
2416
,68
Func
tion
(42%
)6
33
416
Sim
ple
Conn
ecto
rAe
sthe
tic3
32
19
Cost
73
67
2313
,34
Func
tion
43
31
11Ho
se A
dapt
erAe
sthe
tic8
86
830
Cost
35
34
1520
,37
Func
tion
08
44
16La
ser F
low
met
erAe
sthe
tic6
38
522
Cost
00
00
017
,34
Func
tion
53
88
24Ea
sy C
onne
ctor
Aest
hetic
13
21
7Co
st3
64
518
12,2
7Fu
nctio
n5
32
313
10.3 Project Time Table
35Pro
jec
t N
am
eD
ES
IGN
OF
AN
AU
TOM
ATE
D C
EN
TRA
L W
ATE
R F
ILTE
RIN
G S
YS
TEM
CO
NN
EC
TED
TO
EXI
STI
NG
WA
TER
DIS
PE
NS
ER
S F
OR
YE
DIT
EP
E E
NG
INE
ER
ING
FLO
OR
S
ME
482
Ob
ject
ive
sFe
b 03
Feb
10Fe
b 17
Feb
24 M
ar 0
3 M
ar.0
9M
ar.1
7M
ar.2
4M
ar.3
1A
pr 0
7A
pr 1
4A
pr 2
1A
pr 2
8M
ay.0
5M
ay.1
2
1O
bje
ctiv
e 1
: Te
am F
orm
ing
1,1
Team
for
min
g &
inst
ruct
ions
2O
bje
ctiv
e 2
: Te
am M
ee
tin
gs
2,1
Dis
cuss
ing
goal
s &
str
ateg
ies
2,2
Ele
ctin
g pr
esid
ent,
budg
et o
ffic
er, n
oteb
ook
keep
er
3O
bje
ctiv
e 3
: As
sig
nm
en
t
3,1
Def
initi
on o
f th
e ne
ed, S
tate
men
t of
the
prob
lem
3,2
Sco
pe &
Obj
ectiv
es, T
enta
tive
Proj
ect P
artit
ion
Tabl
e, T
enta
tive
Proj
ect T
ime-
Line
4O
bje
ctiv
e 4
: Re
se
arch
& C
on
cep
t G
en
era
tio
n
4,1
Rev
iew
of
the
AIM
3 &
elim
inat
e th
e de
ficie
ncie
s
4,2
Res
earc
hing
abo
ut f
iltra
tion
syst
ems
& d
iscu
ssin
g
5O
bje
ctiv
e 5
: Co
nce
pt
Se
lect
ion
5,1
Sel
ectin
g th
e be
st a
pplic
able
pro
ject
6O
bje
ctiv
e 6
: Mid
-te
rm R
ep
ort
& P
res
en
tati
on
6,1
Mid
-ter
m r
epor
t pre
pera
tion
& d
eliv
er
6,2
Team
Pre
sent
atio
n
7O
bje
ctiv
e 7
: De
sig
n D
iscu
ss
ion
s
7,1
Det
aile
d di
scus
sion
s
8O
bje
ctiv
e 8
: Fin
al R
ep
ort
s &
Pre
se
nta
tio
ns
8,1
Fina
l rep
ort p
repa
ratio
n
8,2
Fina
l pre
sent
atio
n pr
epar
atio
n &
pre
sent
atio
n
Co
mp
lete
d
Pro
ject
ed
Da
y o
f
ME
48
2 -
De
sig
n o
f M
ec
ha
nic
al S
ys
tem
s
Ac
tiv
ity