the use of systemic approach in teaching and learning chemistry for 21 st century(satlc) ** a. f. m....
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THE USE OF SYSTEMIC APPROACH IN TEACHING AND LEARNING CHEMISTRY
FOR 21st CENTURY(SATLC)
* *A. F. M. Fahmy,* J. J. Lagowski
** Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX 78712
E-mail: [email protected]
*Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry and Science Education Center, Ain Shams University Abbassia, Cairo, EGYPT
E-mail: [email protected]
IntroductionIntroduction
On reaching the 12st century and with the development of communication media and the ease of information flow, the world seemed to be living in a small village full of developed and complicated information.
The new century generation have challenges that is difficult and numerous, either to find his place in this universe or the international flood of science and knowledge will take him away.
So it is a must to make a revolution in our methods of teaching. So that to create a recognized generation for what is going on around the world, and at the same time does not miss his identity. A generation that is able to see the whole and not to miss some parts of it.
All that made us stop for a while and think a lot about our education reality, then ask if we want really an educational system reaching for requirements of the 21st century? or a system just to qualify the students for succeeding in exams?
Our education reality now leading in most circumstances to teaching concepts or issues of any subject that is separated so that to lead at the end to quantity of knowledge unconnected to itself or with the environment.
This education reality leads to graduation of generations that most of them think in a linear way separated from the total outlines that is systemic.
We want as we are crossing to the 21st century to reach by our educational system from linearity to systemic.
So we searched for an educational system growing the systemic way of thinking of students that is one of the most important characteristics of gullibility.
Becau
se T
each
ing
Meth
od
s a
re t
he c
ore
of
the S
yste
mic
Ed
ucati
on
al C
ycle
(S
EC
).
Syste
mic
Ed
ucati
on
al
Cycle
(S
EC
)
Wh
y W
e S
tart
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g T
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Met
hod
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Wh
y W
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Con
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on
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Fin
al
evalu
ati
on
Fin
al
evalu
ati
on
Con
tin
uos
evalu
ati
on
Con
tin
uos
evalu
ati
onTeach
ing
m
eth
od
sTeach
ing
m
eth
od
s
Teach
ing
aid
sTeach
ing
aid
s
Aim
sA
ims
Wh
at
is m
ean
t b
y t
he
syste
mic
ap
pro
ach
in
teach
ing
an
d learn
ing
Wh
at
is m
ean
t b
y t
he
syste
mic
ap
pro
ach
in
teach
ing
an
d learn
ing
It means study of concepts or issues through
interacted systems in which, all relationships between
concepts and issues are clear. This making the student
able to coordinate what is studied previously and what
will be studied in any stage of learning through a
specific and clear plans to prepare him for a specific
subject or a specific branch.
issue or
concept
issue or
concept
issueor
concept
issueor
concept
issueor
concept
issueor
concept
issueor
concept
issueor
concept
issue or concept
issue or concept
Figure illustrate the idea of Systemic Approach of Teaching and Learning (SATL).
Linear VS Systemic Approach in Teaching and Learning
Linear approach in teaching and learning (LATL) means teaching concepts in a sequential manner.
Concept(1)
Concept(1)
Concept(2)
Concept(2)
Concept(4)
Concept(4)
Concept(3)
Concept(3)
However, systemic approach in teaching and learning chemistry (SATL) means teaching concepts in an interacted system, i.e. study concepts in terms of interacting relations between them.
ConceptConcept
ConceptConcept
ConceptConcept
ConceptConcept
Systemic approach in teaching and learning (SATL) was used in teaching cycles in nature, and in human body.
Sys
tem
ic I
nte
ract
ion
of
Lea
rnin
g D
omai
ns
Sys
tem
ic I
nte
ract
ion
of
Lea
rnin
g D
omai
ns
We have to link the different learning domains “cognitive, psychomotor, affective”, and not putting emphasis on one domain, at the expense of the other domains.
barrier
ConceptConceptConceptConcept ConceptConcept
FactFactFactFactFor cognitive domainFactFact
FactFactConceptConcept
Cognitive domainCognitive domain
PsychomotorPsychomotor Affective domainAffective domain
Proposed systemic formProposed systemic form
For psychomotor
domain
SkillSkillSkillSkill
SkillSkillSkillSkillbarrier
Linearity in each domain
attitude
s
attitude
s
ValuesValuesfor affective
domain
Systemic form for all domains
Wh
y sy
stem
ic a
ppro
ach
in te
ach
ing
and
lear
nin
g (S
AT
L)
Wh
y sy
stem
ic a
ppro
ach
in te
ach
ing
and
lear
nin
g (S
AT
L)
We are living in the era of globalization in which we see the global Policies, Economy, Culture, Media and Architecture..... etc. is a reality constitute a new world system.
So countries must hurry to prepare generations able to interact positively with the new international system. This positive interaction cannot be reached except by using new method that is to grow the skills of systemic creative thinking that sees the issues from multiple point of view.
1- Globalization1- Globalization
The world now is living in a serious environmental problems in the industrial and developing countries. This is due to the wrong human interaction in the environmental system without consciousness.
Here we have to stop for a while and ask a lot: why do the man behave like that towards his environmental system ?Here we ask: who is responsible for that ? is the educational systems that graduate generations unable to interact positively with the environment? and here the answer is yes because the world is constituted from balanced environmental systems (cycles) which constitute by its total the ecosystem that we live in.
2- Environmental problems 2- Environmental problems
And the man who interacts with the environmental systems is prepared in most of what he learned linearly. This means linear interaction of man with systemic environment makes high troubles in the environmental system.We seek from the educational systems to graduate generations having the ability to interact positively with the environmental systems.
3- Wrong interaction with our body systems 3- Wrong interaction with our body systems
the human body is an interacting system constitute at the end the balance that happens inside his body. In many times man behave in a wrong manner harms his health such as taking drugs, and most of this behavior comes from shortage in our educational systems that prepare students linearly. So they interact with their body systems by the way they learnt.
4- The world is suffering the terrorism 4- The world is suffering the terrorism
in many places, and terrorism is now represents an international phenomenon threatening the economics and the security of the world.
It begins by thought deviation then directed to behavior, and if we looked to terrorist at any place of the world, we find him as a graduate of educational systems teaching a lot and learning a little.
Systems graduate generations that do interact by linear way of thinking in their country systems.
But if man is equipped by systemic thinking in addition to the light of faith we find him a constructive member and not a destructive one in society, effective element in life system trying to reach luxury for himself and others, but not for his tiring and others.So we find that the best way of fighting the international terrorism begins by reform of the existing educational systems in most of the world countries.
5- L
ow P
erfo
rman
ce o
f th
e cu
rren
t Edu
cati
onal
Sys
tem
:D
ue
to th
e li
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rity
of
each
com
pon
ent o
f th
e sy
stem
.In
ord
er to
get
a m
axim
um
per
form
ance
of
the
Sys
tem
ic, i
t is
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ry
that
ea
ch
of
its
com
pon
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S
hou
ld
act
as
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bsys
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ic
Syst
emic
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onte
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Syst
emic
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inal
ev
alua
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emic
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inal
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onti
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Sys
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Tea
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Sys
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Syst
emic
T
each
ing
aids
Syst
emic
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each
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aids
Sys
tem
ic
Aim
s
Sys
tem
ic
Aim
s
6- Slight Interaction of The Current Educational Domains:
6- Slight Interaction of The Current Educational Domains:
Current educational domaines suffer from:
* *
•Hate.
Afraid.
Escape.
•Hate.
Afraid.
Escape.
Most of the students Suffer from three Unable:
To remember concepts.To correlate between pre-and
post-concepts.To correlate between
concepts and environment.
Most of the students Suffer from three Unable:
To remember concepts.To correlate between pre-and
post-concepts.To correlate between
concepts and environment.
COGNITIVECOGNITIVE
AFFECTIVEAFFECTIVE
Most of the students do their experimental skills:
Separated from each other
Mechanical.
Most of the students do their experimental skills:
Separated from each other
Mechanical.
PSYCHOMOTORPSYCHOMOTOR
*
(*) Slight interaction.
Systemic reform of educational domaines reinforces the interaction between them.
Linearity in Teaching Conceptsof Different Branches of Science
Linearity in Teaching Conceptsof Different Branches of Science
There are numerous concepts that have common rotes with other branches of sciences for the students to cope with these concepts, they should be taught in a comprehensive way irrespective of artificial borders.
ConceptConceptConceptConcept Branch (I)ConceptConcept
Branch (II)
Branch (III)
ConceptConceptConceptConcept ConceptConcept
ConceptConceptConceptConcept ConceptConcept
Linear relation-ship for each branch of sciencepresented in a separate forms.
Proposed form of SATL concepts of different branches
of sciences
Proposed form of SATL concepts of different branches
of sciences
Branch IIconcept
Branch Iconcept
Concep
t
Concep
tConcep
t
Concep
t
Branch IIIconcept
Concept
Concept
Concep
t
Concep
t
Concep
t
Concep
t
Concep
t
Concep
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Concep
t
Concep
t
Concep
t
Concep
t
Concep
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Concep
t
Concep
t
Concep
tConcep
t
Concep
t
Concep
t
Concep
t
The objectives of using the systemicapproach of teaching and learningThe objectives of using the systemicapproach of teaching and learning
1- Growing the ability of students for Global thinking : so that the student be able to see globally any subject without missing its parts. This means seeing the parts in a total outline that is coordinated.
2- Growing the ability to see the relationships between things more than things themselves.
3- Increasing the effectiveness of teaching and learning of any discipline and other disciplines of science: connecting it systemically with other branches of knowledge.
4- Making disciplines of science attractive subjects to
students instead of being repulsive to them .
5- Growing the ability for analysis and synthesis to
reach creativity that is the most important output
of a successful educational system.
6- Creating a new generation that is able to interact
positively with environmental system around
them .
7- Growing the ability for the use of systemic
approach in acting with any problem globally to
put creative solution.
Future ViewFuture View
1- Systemic reform of the basic sciences so that it is appropriate to the new way of teaching in the general and higher stages of education.
2-Reforming of experimental skills to be appropriate to this methodology.
3- Looking for the evaluation systems so that it reaches the levels of analysis and synthesis.
4- Looking according to that to the rest of other sciences and so it can be appropriate to this methodology.
5- Reforming of teachers training programs to suit the systemic methodology.
6- Creation of a new generation that is able to interact positively with the globality.
7- Creation of globally oriented leaders.
The global view for the 21st Century.
(More Global View).