the ukrainian weekly 1983-13

8/14/2019 The Ukrainian Weekly 1983-13

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!| H r pu blish ed by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association!

U k r a i n i a n W e e k l V o l . L I N o. 13 T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y , M A R C H 2 7 , 1 9 8 3S w r c> r- - atn f mK a;.2 M ^- 1 31 " 2 > - - 0 2

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C a t h o l i c b i s h o p si s s u e f a m i n e a p p e a lAn appeal of h e Ukrainian Catholic bishops in the U.S.A. commemorating the tragic 50th anniversary ofthe artificially created Great Faminein Ukraine.

Dear Brothers and Sisters in Chris!:The sacred scriptures warn u s to becarefuHrrot to enact unjust laws."Woe to those who enact unjuststatutes and who write oppressivedecrees" (Isaiah 10,1). Fifty years agoin Ukraine a most tragic event tookplace wherein millions of peopleperished in an artificially contrivedfamine, engineered by the godlessregime of Soviet M oscow. In order tophysically compel the agriculturalclass of eastern Ukraine to join thecollective fanning concept of thestate and in order to do away withfree enterprise, a diabolic plan wasconceived to literally destroy thebreadwinners of the nation. Entiretowns and villages starved to death,ironically in the land that has beencalled in history "the breadbasket ofEurope." The world was unaware ofwhat was happening because of thedeceitful propaganda that was disseminated from the regime in Moscow. These people that survived thehorrors of that artificially createdfamine have documented their testimonies into a terrible tale of man'sinhumanity to man.We appeal to you at this time thatyou remember a ll those brothers andsisters of ours in the Lord whoperished so tragically. At the same

time we must be mindful of thosewho still suffer oppression, hungerand want in Ukraine. We ask all ofour priests to celebrate the divineliturgy on Sunday, May 15,1983, forthe intentions of those who perishedso tragically in that famine of the1930s. In this we join our non-Catholic, Orthodox brothers andsisters, in common prayer for ourbrothers a n d sisters. At th e same timewe pray the Lord grant our people abetter tomorrow, so that "with onemind and one heart, we may glorifythe name of the Father and the Sonand the Holy Spirit" (divine liturgy).StephenArchbishop-Metropolitan of Philadelphia

BasilBishop of StamfordInnocentBishop of ChicagoRobertAuxiliary Bishop of th e PhiladelphiaMetropolitan

Afghan government forces massacre civiliansNEW YORK - Afghan governmentforces are reported to have killed 120unarmed villagers in Logar province,south of the capital of Kabul, in August1 9 8 2 , according to information reaching Amnesty International recently.The killings are reported by Al'ssources to have taken place in the village

of Keshem Kale. No further details areyet available.In another widely reported massacrein mid-September, government forcesare alleged to have killed 10S unarmedpeople in the village of Padkhwab-e-Shana, also south of the capital.On January 25, AI wrote to Afghanistan's president, Babrak Karmal,expressing concern about the reports of

the killings, calling on the governmentto establish an inquiry into th e incidentsand urging the authorities to charge an dtry the responsible officials if theallegations proved correct.AI also protested to the Afghangovernment about the execution of 10anti-government "rebels" on December4 , 1 9 8 2 , and appealed for the commutation of th e death sentences passed on sixother men in two separate trials inDecember. These death sentences werethe first to be reported in the Afghanpress for over a year.In its letter, the international human-rights organization also inquired aboutthe reasons for the detention of severalacademics arrested in May 1982. They

included Dr. Hassan Kakar, a historianof international repute; Fazl RabbiPazhwak, professor of law and formerchancellor of Kabul University, a n d Dr.Tarzi, a lecturer in law at the university.According to information received byA I, there is no evidence that the threemen were involved in any acts ofviolence. The organization urged thegovernment to ensure that the threemen were released immediately orcharged and tried in open court if theyhad committed any criminal acts.AI has recently received a list of 15women reportedly detained in prison inAfghanistan for political reasons and iscurrently investigating the reasons fortheir detention.

State Department holds seminarfo r East European ethnic press editorsby Dr. Walter Dushnyck

WASHINGTON - A special seminar on U.S. policy o n Eastern Europeand the USSR' was held on Friday,March 11, at the State Department foreditors of East European ethnicnewspapers in the United States.The conference-seminar, initiated byEdward J. Derwinski, former U.S.congressman from Illinois and now aState Department counselor, was for"background only," so no specificofficial can be cited.In all, nine highly specialized officials of t h e State Department spoke onsuch topics as overview of the presentadministration's foreign policy, EasternEurope, human rights, U.S.-Sovietrelations, emigration policies of theUSSR and its satel l i tes , and arms-control issues. After each presentation,participants were allowed to question thespeaker on the issue related to hispresentation.Following is a summation of th e presentations.

Problems related to UkraineAt least two speakers referred to theoppression of the Ukrainian people.One, in commenting on Soviet jammingof Radio Liberty and Radio FreeEurope, said that "the Ukrainians andthe Uzbeks in the USSR do not haveself-determination." He added that inthe United Nations some thoughts arebeing expressed that the USSR shouldgive Ukraine and Byelorussia "a fullstatus of independence and have themestablish embassies all over the worldand end the anom aly that, though beingmembers of th e United N ations, they arenot sovereign states" a t home. T h e samediplomat further said that in the "not-too-distant future, we are going tospeak for self-determination for theUkrainians."

Another high-ranking diplomat,asked about the possibility of reopening the U.S. Consulate in Kiev, said: "Itwas a great error to have closed the U.S.Consulate in Kiev, because it was theonly way that we could have relationswith the Ukrainian people."He added that the closing of th e U.S.Consulate in Kiev "was contingent onSoviet withdrawal from Afghanistan."If Moscow withdraws from that Asiancountry, the reopening of the U.S.Consulate in Kiev would follow. Hesaid that the United States is still payingyearly rent for the Consulate premisesin Kiev.U.S. foreign relations

The over-all image of the UnitedStates abroad h a s improved considerably ,from what it used to be in the past. Therivat of the U nited States, the USSR,despite its massive propaganda, doesnot fare well abroad because of itsaggressive policies in Afghanistan andPoland, to say the least.U.S. policies regarding t h e . six countries under discussion vary from countryto country.U.S. relations with Yugoslavia arequite satisfactory, especially because itdoes not belong to the Warsaw Pactbloc, and the post-Tito "collectiveleadership" is trying to avoid takingpart in the East-West conflict, but itdoes play a leading role among ThirdWorld countries.Bulgaria's stock in U.S. policies wasalmost down to a "zero" rating due tomounting evidence of Bulgaria's involvement in the plot to assassinate thepope. On that score, the U.S. government is cooperating fully with Italianauthorities. The speaker flatly deniedallegations to the effect that the CIAtried to cover up alleged links betweenthe KGB and Bulgarian officials now(Continued on pap 3)

U k r a i n i a n g r o u p sc o n s o l i d a t e f o r c e st o a i d P o l o v c h a kNEW ARK, N .J. - "At the age of 12,Walter Polovchak chose freedom in theUnited States rather than a life in theUSSR, where the rights of citizens ar e intotal subjugation to the state." This is anexcerpt from a letter sent by Edward A.Zetick, commander of the UkrainianAmerican Veterans, to all members ofthe U.S. House of Representatives.

The letter further explained thatwhen Walter's parents returned to theSoviet Union, he chrse not to go withthem and was granted political asylumin the United States. Over the pastseveral years his case gained worldwideattention when his parents challengedthe decision of the U.S. Immigrationand Naturalization Service and tried toforce young Walter, through courtaction, to return to Ukraine."At present his case is pending in theState of Illinois and there is a danger ofcourt-ordered deportation." statedZetick.As the legal battle rages on in theIllinois courts, the Ukrainian AmericanVeterans (UAV) and Americans forHuman Rights in Ukraine (AHRU)have launched a double-pronged campaign to involve members of Congressfrom all the states, urging them tobecome co-sponsors of H.R. 25, introduced by Rep. Frank Annunzio ofIllinois.The purpose of this bill is to amendthe Imm igration and N ationality Act inorder to clarify the status of an y individual granted political asylum. Uponenactment, this amendment will protectpersons who have been granted politicalasylum and would prevent them frombeing deported from the United States,thus superceding the decision of statecourts or state laws.Specifically, it would clarify the(Continued on ptfe 3)


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2 g THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. MARCH 27 . 1983 No. 13

Dissident prof i leMylchailo Lutsyk:

imprisoned for 31 years` JERSEY CITY. N.J. - it is difficult to believe that one man could bepersecuted by three governmentsover a span of 2 0 years for o n e poem.But this is what happened to Ukrainian poet Mykhailo Lutsyk. Hispoem, "My Native Land" ("Krayumiyridnyi"),written while he was astudent, landed him in prison duringthe Polish and Soviet occupations ofwestern Ukraine and in Nazi Germany. Of course, it wasn't the solebasis of his persecution. In all, thepoet, now 62 years old and living inSkole, a town 20 miles south ofDrohobych, has spent nearly 31years in prisons, psychiatric hospitalsand exile for nationalist activities.Mykhailo Petrovych Lutsyk wasborn on December 21, 1921, in thevillage of Volosianka in the Lvivoblast, western Ukraine. He waseducated mostly at home, and in1938 became a day student at theStryi gymnasium, where he waspermitted to write exams withouthaving to attend lectures.That same year, he was twicearrested by Polish authorities for hispoetry and political activism. H e washeld in various prisons and jails.After his release, he studied at thehistory-geography faculty at LvivUniversity.

When Poland was partitionedfollowing the-German-Soviet inva-` e ion -`Hb-W39r'mo svtff '-western" 4K `kraine was annexed by the Soviet`Union.'tfhd' i n ' 1 9 4 0 Mh"Lutsyk fledto German-occupied territory.But in the fall that year he wasarrested by the Gestapo for hiswritings and for h is activities with theUkrainian emigre community. Hewas put on death row in a Cracowprison,' but managed to escape withthe help of Ukrainian emigres. H owever, he was soon recaptured duringa Gestapo raid and sent to Berlin a s aforced laborer.Again he managed to escape, thistime eluding police under an assumed nam e. With the help of Ukrainianemigres he began studying at theUkrainian Institute in Berlin. j

In the spring of 1 9 4 3 , avoiding theGestapo and armed with forgeddocuments, he illegally returned towestern Ukraine. In July, he led apartisan group raid on a Germanpenal camp near Skole,' freeing 350m e n . In August, he was wounded inthe left hand during another skirmishwith German occupation forces.With the advance of Soviet forcesinto the area on October 24, 1944,Mr. Lutsyk was arrested by theSoviet secret police and broughtbefore a military tribunal in Stani-slav, now Ivano-Frankivske. He wassentenced to IS years' imprisonment

under provisions of Article 54 of theold Ukrainian Criminal Code,"counterrevolutionary crimes." Hewas held in several labor camps in thepenal system before being amnestiedand released in 1957.His freedom was not to last long,however. On December 19, 1958,Mr. Lutsyk was arrested in thevillage of Stryi, near Skole. A courtin Drohobych sentenced him to atotal of eight years' imprisonmentand five years' internal exile, againunder provisions of Article 54. Hewas ordered to serve three years in aprison and five in a labor camp.One of the pieces of evidencepresented by the prosecution w as thepoem, "My Native Land."During his imprisonment, Mr.Lutsyk was brought before a courtfor his participation in a prisonerself-defense organization. The investigation was conducted by theKGB in Kiev. This time, he wascharged under Article 5 6 , "treason ofthe motherland," and sentenced toanother 15-year term. He w a s jailedin the notorious Vladimir Prison inMoscow until 1962, at which time hewas transferred to a labor camp inMordovia.In 1967, Mr. Lutsyk was sent backto Vladimir Prison for three yearsafter authorities confiscated handwritten manuscripts.- - OR-NdVemfcer-f8; T9 72;W -tutsy Y-was released from, ^Mordovian,labor camp. Barred from' living inUkraine, he settled in Moldavia. Buthe declined to accept an internalpassport, renounced his Sovietcitizenship and asked permission t o -emigrate to Austria.

Less than a year later, on July 31,1 9 7 3 , he was arrested and sent toKishinev, the capital of the Moldavian SSR , for exam ination by apsychiatric commission. Declaredinsane, he was sent to the specialpsychiatric hospital in Dnip ro-petrovske, one of the country's mostnotorious. He remained there untilMay 27, 1978, when he was transferred to the Serbsky Institute forForensic Psychiatry in Moscow. Hespent two months there before beingdeclared mentally competent.

After his release, he was turnedover to Moldavian authorities, whocontinued an investigation, probably to determine if M r . Lutsyk wasin violation of the "parasitism" law,which requires Soviet citizens toprove gainful employment. Possiblybecause the maximum penalty for afirst offender was one year's imprisonm ent, the investigatio n wasdropped and Mr. Lutsyk returned toUkraine.

U . S . s u p p o r t s B a l t i c i n d e p e n d e n c eNEW YORK - The United Stateshas repeatedly reiterated its support ofthe right to self-determination of theBaltic states - Estonia, Latvia andLithuania - at recent sessions of U.N.organizations, according to BATUN, aBronx-based Baltic group.The three countries were forciblyincorporated into the Soviet Union in1940 as a result of the Molotov-R ibben-trop Pact signed between the SovietUnion^nd'-Nazi Gerrriaify. The`Uhireh`'

States, however, has never formallyrecognized the Soviet annex ation of th eBaltics. -Speaking on behalf of the U.S.delegation to the U.N. Human RightsCommission session.in Geneva onFebruary 4, Richard Shifter noted.thatdespite four decades of Soviet repression, the Baltic peoples' "indomitablewill to assert their national identityshined through the heav^, censorship,"(Cont inued on page 16)

P o r t c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t i n E s t o n i as e e n a s t o o l o f R u s s i f i c a t i o nTALLINN, Estonia The construction of a new comm ercial harbor here inthe Estonian capital, a major Balticseaport, has led to charges by 13human-rights activists that the project isthe latest step in Soviet attempts to

undermine the Estonian culture.According to the Estonian AmericanNational Council, the 13 made theiraccusations i n a n open letter written latelast year to the people of Finland, whosegovernment is working jointly with theSoviets on the project. Tallinn liesdirectly across the narrow Gulf ofFinland from Helsinki, the Finnishcapital.The signers of the letter contend thatthe harbor construction has broughtbetween 150,000 and 200,000 non-Estonians into the capital. They saidthat as of 1979, 49 percent of Tallinn's441,000 people were non-Estonians. In1 9 3 4 , over 85 percent were Estonians.The letter appealed to the Finns "tobe aware of all aspects of the consequences of their contractual tas ks." It

noted that by the time the n e w commercial harbor is fully op erationa l, Tallinn'sEstonian population will have droppedto 35 percent.The pressures of Russification in theBaltic republics, particularly in Estonia

and neighboring Latvia, have beenintensifying in recent years. As of fouryears a g o , Estonians constituted only 64percent out of a total population of1,465,800, a decline of nearly 3 0 percentin 40 years.In October 1980, massive studentdemonstrations against the` Russianpresence shook Tallinn and Tartu, therepublic's second largest city. Manystudents were arrested, but most weresubsequently released.The three Baltic republics Estonia,Latvia and Lithuania - were forciblyincorporated into the Soviet Union in1 9 4 0 as a result of the Hitler-Stalin non-aggression agreement. The' United

States has never formally recognizedthe annexation.

A n d r o p o v f ace s o p p o s i tio nJERSEY CITY, N.J. -Sinceassuming the Soviet leadership over threemonths ago, Communist Party bossYuri Andropov has been unable toconsolidate his power and continues toencounter stiff opposition from thefaction led by Konstantin Chernenko,Leonid Brezhnev's hand-picked successor.A clear indication of the continuingpower struggle is Mr. Andropov's

failure to acquire his predecessor'ssecond key post head of state -which remains vacant. In addition,aside from some minor reshuffling inthe lower and middle levels of the Sovietbureacracy, Mr. Andropov has beenunable to remove Mr. Brezhnev's alliesfrom several key positions.The main stumbling block appears tobe the Chernenko forces, which haveregrouped since Mr. Andropov's quickascension to Communist Party leadershortly after Mr. Brezhnev's death. Asaresult, the Soviet press has made a lot ofthe Politburo's regular meetings, indicating the new regime's support of theprinciple, at least, of collective leadership.But, according to Myron Rush, aprofessor of government at CornellUniversity, the current leadership battlemay also signal a continued shift in thebalance of forces between the established party apparatus on one side a n dthe army and the KGB (Mr. Andro

pov's former realm) on the other.Writing in the February 15 issue ofthe Los Angeles Times, Prof. Rushattributes th e current crisis partly to Mr.Brezhnev's unwillingness to strengthenthe party secretariat because he fearedthat such a move would undermine hisown power. As a result, the weakenedpolitical structure was unable to prevent Mr. Andropov from leaving theKGB and entering the secretariat."By failing to protect itself from theintrusion of outside forces, the partyapparatus displayed a vulnerability thatmakes one question whether i t i s still thedecisive factor in Soviet politics," wroteProf. Rush.

Yet, Mr. Chernenko's continued influence seems to indicate that thesituation remains fluid. But Prof. Rushargues that if M r . Andropov succeeds ingaining firm control of the party andstate, he "may end up ruling over apower structure in which the armedforces and the political police (at leastinitially) will have substantially morepolitical weight - and the party apparatus less - than in past decad es."In the meantime. Prof. Rush suggeststhat the United States "concentrate onstrengthening itself and its allies, whilebeing especially alert to the opportunities and dangers arising from the unstable leadership in Moscow."

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" - f i " w ` - - : a --Editor. Roma Sochan HadzawycxAssociate editor George Bohdan ZeryckyAssistant editor Marto Kotomeyets


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No. 13 THE UKRAINIA N WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27, 1983 3

K a m p e l m a n s a l u t e s w o m e n p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r sMA DRID - Max Kampelman,head of the U.S. delegation to the 35-country conference to review the 1975Helsinki Accords, said in a statementdelivered on March 8, InternationalWomen's Day, that his governmentsalutes all Soviet wom en imprisoned fortheir work on behalf of human rights.He noted that out of 51 imprisonedmembers of the Helsinki group s, set up

by Soviet citizens to monitor theircountry's compliance w ith the Helsinkiagreement, seven were women.Among the women cited by Mr.Kampelman were three m embers of theUkrainian Helsinki Group - OksanaMeshko, Oksana Popovych and OlhaHeyko. Ms. Meshko, 7 8, is currently ininternal exile, while Ms. Popo`vych is inthe seventh year of an eight-year laborcamp term. Ms. Heyko, 29, the wife ofgroup member Mykola Matusevych,was scheduled to be released this monthafter having completed a three-yearlabor-camp term.lryna Senyk, 57, another imprisonedmember of the Ukrainian group, wasnot mentioned by Mr. Kampelman.However, he did cite the imprisonmentof Raisa Rudenko, the wife of Ukrai

nian Helsinki Group co-founder Mykola Rudenko. She is currently in thesecond year of a 10-year labor-campsentence.Non-Ukrainians enumerated by Mr.Kampelman were Tatiana Velikanova,who w as sentenced in 1980 to nine yearsin a labor camp, Irina Grivnina, amember of the unofficial WorkingCommission to Investigate the Use ofPsychiatry for Political Purposes,currently serving a ive-yearexile term,and Tatiana Osipova, a member of thedisbanded Moscow Helsinki Groupwho is reported to be in the third monthof a hunger strike.Mr. Kampelman also raised the casesof two women poets who have beenpersecuted by the state. The first,Hanna Sultan-Tekilova, a poet fromTurkmenistan, has been in a psychiatrichospital for 10 years, said Mr. Kampelman, while lryna Ratushynska, a U-krainian-born writer of Polish descent,was recently sentenced to seven years ina labor camp and five years' internalexile.He also noted the re-arrest of Baptistactivist lryna Vilchynska, 24, who wastaken into custody last October.

W C F U p r es id iu m m e e ts i n N X ,discusses upcoming congress, by-laws

Toronto parish aids Ukrainian refugeesby Daria Darewych

TORO NTO - The Ukrainian Catholic Parish of the Holy Eucharist onBroadview Avenue in Toronto hasdonated S9.000 to the Canadian Ukrainian Immigrant Aid Society for Ukrainian immigrants from Poland. Thismoney has been earmarked for theUkrainian families whose members hadbeen interned during the state of martiallaw in Poland.The church committee contributedthe sum of S5.000, and 54,000 wasdonated by families of the parish.Furthermore the church committee haspledged to match every contribution ofparishioners, dollar for dollar, whenparishioners' contributions go over the55,000 mark.The Canadian government has agreedto accept for immigration to Canadafamilies whose members were internedor persecuted, directly from Poland ifsuch families can come up with sponsors in Canada. In view of this and thefact that presently about 10 Ukrainian

families in Poland are being forced toleave the country, the president of theCanadian Ukrainian Immigrant AidSociety, Bohdan Mykytiuk, has signedthe sponsorship documents for fivefamilies. Others are being kept waitingdue to a lack of adequate funds.The Canadian Ukrainian ImmigrantAid Society has appealed through

newspapers to all Ukrainians of goodfaith to help the families of internedUkrainians in Poland to emigrate toCanada. Generous donations like theone made by the Church of the HolyEucharist are already helping the firstfamily that arrived at the beginning ofFebruary get established in Canada.The Ukrainian Catholic Church ofTransfiguration in Kitchener, Ont.,under the leadership of the Rev. Czyzhas also set a wonderful example by-looking after five Ukrainian familiesfrom Poland. The youth organizationsPlast and SUM, have looked after alarge number of students and youngpeople.

State Department. . .(Cont inued from page 1)

implicated in the assassination plot.The American attitude toward Rumania has cooled in the last weeksbecause of the so-called "educationaltax," which the Rumanian governmentis imposing on those citizens who wantto emigrate. One of the sharpest reactions of Washington was the withdrawal from Rumania of the "most-favored-nation" cla use, result ing inhigher tariffs for Rumanian importsinto the United States.Relations with Hungary are warmdue to the fact that, of all satellitecountries, it has the least violations ofhuman-rights and oppression in general.Hungary does enjoy "most-favored-nation" status with the United States.As for Czechoslovakia, its rating inWashington is very poor due to itsoppressive policies toward dissidents.Poland enjoys a special interest inWashington due to the fact that there isa large Polish American communityand because of traditional sympathyheld for Poland since 1918. Yet, the

government of Gen. Wojciech Jaruzel`ski is continuing its anti-Americanpolic ies, in cluding curtailing of "culturalexchanges" and the expulsion of anAmerican woman correspondent, whichputs any improvement in relationsbetween Washington and Warsaw insuspension.A Polish correspondent, asking abouta statement made by a West Germanofficial regarding the reunification ofboth Germanys, was curious as towhether Poland "would also be entitled"to "eastern territories." Before beingrebutted by another Polish editor

saying that "these eastern territories"were the causes of Poland's partitions inthe past, the American official deniedany knowledge of the aforementionedstatement.Attending the seminar were representatives of the Armenian, Byelorussian,Czech, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian,Slovak, Slovenian and Ukrainian newspapers. The Ukrainian press was represented by Mstyslav Dolnycky (Philadelphia), Ivan Smoley (Scranton, Pa.)and Dr. Walter Dushnyck (New York).

NEW YORK - T h e Presidium of theSecretariat of the World Congress ofFree Ukrainians met here at the Ukrainian Institute of Am erica on Saturday,March 12, to discuss various topics,among them the upcoming fourthCongress of the WCFU and observancesof the millennium of Christianity inUkraine.Sixteen members of the presidiumattended the meeting, including Metropolitan Maxim Hermaniuk of Canadaand Metropolitan Stephen Sulyk of theUnited States and Sen. Paul Yuzyk,who heads the auditing committee.Representatives of the executive boardsof the Ukrainian Congress Committeeof America and the Ukrainian Canadian Committee were also at the meeting, which was chaired by WCFUpresident Ivan Bazarko.At the meeting, the date of theWCFU congress was confirmed; it willtake place in To ronto on D ecember 1-4.A two-branch congress preparatorycommittee was formed: the organizational subcommittee is composed ofpresidium members from Canada, andthe program subcommittee is made up ofAmerican members.A program outline will be submittedfor approval at the plenary session ofthe WCFU Secretariat scheduled forApril 23 in Toronto.The next item on the agenda was Mr.Bazarko's report on WCFU activities.Dr. F. Martynuk and V. Kyryliukpresented a financial report, and confirmed that the WCFU followed throughon the 1982 proposed budget, ending

the year with a balance of 54,210.16.They said that members of the UnitedStates met all their budget paymentsand Canadian members surpassed theirobligatory payments, thus levelling offthe debts from m embers in other countries, such as those in South Americawhich had difficulty making the payments.Sen. Yuzyk read the summary ofactivities conducted by the WCFUHuman Rights Commission and saidthat he has received positive feedbackfrom both American and Canadianpoliticians as to the work of the commission. He also reported that theWCFU has a representative at theMadrid Conference to review implementation of the Helsinki Accords.The members of the meeting alsoexamined several by-laws matters whichwere subject to various interpretationsat earlier meetings and decided topropose that the Presidium be expanded to include four more members, twofrom the United States and two fromCanada.This recommendation will be presented at the next plenary session.All business at the meeting wasconducted after the representatives ofthe UCCA withdrew their demand toexclude UNA President John O. Flisand Bohdan Hnatiuk from the WCFUPresidium as delegates of the UCCA.These two members were elected at thethird WCFU congress and remain full-fledged members of the presidium.The two metropolitans of the Ukrai-

(Continued on page 11)

Ukrainian groups...(Continued from page 1)status of Walter Polovchak, making allpresent court proceedings moot, sincethe amendment would provide thefollowing: "Notwithstanding the laws ofany state or any judicial decree of anycourt of any state but subject to section241, no person who has been grantedasylum under this section may beinvoluntarily removed from the UnitedStates."Earlier this month;, Americans forHuman Rights in Ukraine decided toget involved in Polovchak`s case afterconsultation with one of his attorneys,Julian E. Kulas. At great personal andfinanc ial sacrifice, Mr. Kulas hashandled Polovchak`s case from its veryinception. An AHRU spokesman observed that it seemed natural for Mr.Kulas (an officer in the U.S. ArmyReserves), Ame ricans for HumanRights in Ukraine (the majority of itstrustees are members of the UA V), andthe executive board of the U AV to gettogether on this issue of freedom ofchoice and the personal rights of individuals in the United States.In its letter to all congressmen urgingco-sponsorship of H.R. 25, AHRUpointed out that one cannot use thesame yardstick in measuring con ditionsin the United States versus the USSR.AHRU thus differed with the stancemaintained by the American CivilLiberties Union. The point made byAHRU was that the dictates of theSoviet state overshadow the rights ofthe family or individual. When parentsattempt to provide religious educationfor their children, the Soviet government does not hesitate to separate themfrom their parents. The Soviet policestate encourages children to act asinformers on their parents to Sovietauthorities.AHRU also noted that the Soviet

Union punishes children as adults forso-called political crimes, as evidencedin the case of Yuriy Shukhevych whohas been detained in Soviet prisons forthe past three decades since the age of 15for alleged crimes committed by hisfather, a leader of Ukrainian armedresistance against both Nazi and Communist regimes during and after WorldWar II.These congressional appeals by theUAV and AHRU coincide with thetimely cover story about Walter Polovchak, "The Littlest Defector," by Lud-milla Thorne of Freedom House, thatwas published in the March 18 issue ofThe National Review.Emphasizing the urgency of acting onWalter's status was Rep. Philip Craneof Illinois, who suggested to AHRU onMarch 16 to have as many people aspossible write to their congressmen insupport of H.R. 25 to help youngWalter. He further stated: "I agree thatit would be a travesty of justice if theIllinois Supreme Court deports WalterPolovchak, against his will, to theSoviet Union. There is no telling whatfate would await him there."AHRU has called upon members ofthe Ukrainian American community towrite individual letters to their congressmen with a request to support thepassage of H.R. 25. They also expressed the belief that if Walter is forced to g oback to the USSR he most certainly willbring the wrath of the Soviet government down upon himself for causingthis embarrassment to it.An AHRU spokesman stated that itis far easier to try to keep WalterPolovchak in freedom in the UnitedStates - the country of his choice -than work, for his release from Sovietprisons in the event of his deportation.Persons wishing to obtain additionalinformation may contact: American'for Human Rights in Ukraine, 43Midland Place, Newark, N.J. 07106.


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THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27 , 1983 No. 13

UNA auditors begin annual review

The UNA'S Supreme Auditing Committee, seen above at a recent SupremeAssembly meeting: (from left) the Rt. Rev. Protopresbyter Stephen Bilak, NestorOlesnycky, John Hewryk, Dr. Bohdan Hnatiuk and Anatole Doroshenko.JERSEY CITY, N .J . - The UNASupreme Auditing Committee began its

annual review of UNA, Svoboda Pressand Soyuzivka operations on Monday,March 21.The review, which is taking placebefore the annual session of the Supreme Assembly, is being conducted bythe supreme audito rs elected at the 30thConvention of the Ukrainian N ational

Asso cia t ion: N es jo r Olesnycky o fMaplewoo d, N .J., Anatole Doroshenkoof Cedarburg, Wise, John Hewryk ofWinnipeg, Dr . Bohdan Hnat iuk o fPhiladelphia and the Rt. Rev. Protopresbyter Stephen Bilak.The aud itors will report their findingsto the Supreme Assembly, and theirgeneral conclusions will be reported inUNA publications.

Metropolitan Mstyslav confers with UNA execsJERSEY CITY, N .J. - Metropo litan Mstyslav of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the U.S.A. visited theUNA main office here on Monday,March 7, in order to meet with theassociation's supreme officers.Metropolitan Mstyslav, who understands well the importance of publishing activity, informed the executivesabout the release of a new book, "Reflections at the Twilight of Life" by thelate Levko Lukasevych, by the .St .Sophia Ukrainian Orthodox Publishers.The hierarch presented copies of the

book to the UNA officers.He spoke also about forthcomingpublications, as well as about Ukrain ian communi ty mat ters , inc ludingpreparations for observances of the

solemn 50th anniversary of the GreatFamine in Ukraine and the sixth Soborof the Ukrainian Autocephalous Ortho dox Church, which is slated for May inEngland.The metropolitan was accompaniedby his assistant, the Rev. ProtodeaconYurij Halycia.

P h iladelph ia d ist rict visits m ain officeJERSE Y CITY, N .J. - Some 110persons visited the UNA'S main officehere on Saturday, March 5, as part of afield trip organized by the executive ofthe Philadelphia UNA District Committee.Two chartered buses and severalprivate cars brought the UN A'ers to the ,mo dern, 15-story office building, wherethey toured UN A executive offices aswell as the editorial offices of TheWeekly and Svoboda, and the printingfacilities.The excursion was organized by

Pet ro Tarnawsky, chai rman o f thePhiladelphia District Committee, andIvan Dankiwskyj, district treasurer.Although most of the guests were fromthe Philadelphia area, there were alsoUN A'ers from Chester and Bristol, Pa.,as well as Tre nto n, N .J . , which is-included in-the Philadelphia district.The three-hour tour was conductedby UNA executives Walter Sochan,supreme secre tary , Ulana Diachuk,supreme treasu rer, and Stefan Hawrysz,supreme o rganizer . UNA Supreme

(Cont inued on page II)

Fraternally yoursby Ma'rta KordubaUNA frat erna l activities coordinator

R e: Ukrainian siummer prog ram sThis is the first of a three-part seriesdealing with Ukrainian summer programs. Part II will examine the significance of Ukrainian summer programs ifyou live outside the m ainstream 'of theUkrainian community; part III willfocus on the UNA's summer youth program at Soyuzivka.Earlier this month, I attended theSUSK Ukrainian Canadian StudentsUnion (SUSK) conference in Vancouver, where the guest speakers grappled with issues such as biculturalism,leadership and motivation development.Each speaker (this writer included)undersco red a debi l i ta t ing problemamong youth in the Ukrainian commu

nity, namely, the lack of purpose anddefinition precipitated by an increasingrly ambiguous perception of who we ar eas U krainians and just why it is tha t weshould continue to cling to Ukrainianorganizations and activities.Unfortunately, the aimlessness 1sensed among participants of the four-day conference seems to be a recurringaffliction in many segm ents of itheUkrainian community. Few have articulated the root of the problem asclearly as did guest speaker RomanOnufrijchuk, bespectacled and beardedUkrainian Canadian radio broadcaster,whose spirited candor and boomingvoice commanded everyone's attention."We (Ukrainian Canadians and Americans) go thro ugh fo rm, without awareness of the con tent," he said. "That is (osay, our culture, rites and traditions aretrivialized to the point of becomingbanal, because we either simplify, forgetor are unaware of the meaning behindthem." He cited examples of ttie celebration of Ukrainian national holidays,the significance o f which is often glossedover and rarely related to our present-day situation.This provoked my recollection of aijincident which took place several yearsago. I was participating in the planningo f an event in com mem orat io n o fUkrainian Independence Day, January22, and I asked one of the foremost

enthusiasts of the event why he felt thdevent was important. He responded thatit came at a very opportune time in his;social calendar right after the New!Year's celebration and before Valen-;tine's Day. The historic implications a(`the event were not even peripheral; in

this case, they were non-existent.While this may bean extreme example,it nevertheless illustrates a growingtendency to trivialize and unwittinglydebase our history and culture. "Themore we simplify our culture, the moreboring it becomes," said Mr. Onufrijchuk. Pysanky, the hopak and varenykyare bo ring and banal, ifwe presume thatthey are the substance of our ethnicidentity.He. stated that many find themselvesgoing through the motions (form) ofhaving Easter basket - blessed, attending Shevchenko concerts, etc., mo re outof habit or blind obligation, rather thana cognizance of the whys and wherefores (content). Consequently, many

join Ukrainian organizations and assume leadership positions without everclearly determ ining why it is that they'rei nvo l ved , and mo r e ba s i ca l l y , n o thaving acquired a deeper understan dingof their Ukrainian identity.If such is the case, it is not surprisingthat youth participation and membership in Ukrainian organizations are onthe decline.Recaptur ing the meaning o f ourcustoms, rites and celebrations, andcultivating an understanding of thedates, events and individuals we memorialize as a community, will undoubtedly lead to a more sincere andactive participation in our organizations.The Ukrainian educational network- including everything from the "RidnaShko la" k indergar ten to accredi teduniversity courses - plays a significantrole in decoding the less tangible aspectsof our Ukrainian identity.Summer programs (camps, workshops and courses) are an integral parto f the educat ional ne twork whosebenefits are frequently underestimated.Although Ukrainian summer prpgramsimpart a limited amount of information, due to the obvious time constraints,they sensitize youth to the depth andscope of their cultural heritage, whetherit is through a bandura workshop orthrough a course in modern Ukrainian

history.Fortunately, the Ukrainian N ationalAssociation and numerous other organizations have provided the capitaland human resources to operate high-quality summer programs at a com-(Continued on page 12)

UN A'ers of the Philadelphia district are seen abov e in front of he So yuz building in Jersey City.


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N o . 13 ; T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y , M A R C H 2 7 , 1 9 8 3 - 5

M EDIA ACTION CO ALITION Post Office B o x 134Whippany, New Jersey 0 7 9 8 1ACTION ITEM S

The Great FamineThe horror of millions of peopledying in 1932-33 might have beenprevented by the public outcry ofpeople throughou t the world. Unfortunately, it was then po litically moreconv enient to pretend th at the tragedydid not exist. It still is more convenient to pretend that it neveroccu rred. We must not let this happen.Last week The Ukrainian Weeklydedicated i ts entire issue to thisterrible tragedy and thus provided uswith the necessary details so that wecan inform our fellow Americansabout the Great Famine.

RECOMMENDED ACTION:1. Please write to the letters editorof your local, regional and nationalnewspapers or national news magazines and tell them of this terribletragedy. Remind them that when onJanuary 30, 1933, millions of Ukrainians were dying a torturous andprolonged death of starvation, theworld chose to remain silent andindifferent. On that same day -Hitler ascended to power.2 . Call or write your federal legislators - they have received copies ofThe Ukrainian Weekly - and urgethem to comm ent on the anniversaryof this tragedy on the floor of the

Congress or a s extensions of remarksin the Congressional Record.3 . Write to the columnists featuredin your newspaper and ask them tocomment about this famine in theircolumns. If possible, include a copyof The Ukrainian Weekly as referencematerial. Addresses of the columnistsmay be obtained from the referencedesk of your library. You can alsowrite to them in care of the newspaper, and your letter will be forwarded to the appropriate address.4 . Write to the editorial page editorof your newspaper and ask him tocomment in editorials about thisanniversary. If possible, include a

copy of The Ukrainian Weekly asreference material. Additional copiesof this special issue of The UkrainianWeekly may be obtained directlyfrom the publishers.5 . If successful in any one of theabove, remember to send a note ofthanks.

R esolution on textbooksOn February 14, Assembly Concurrent Resolution N o. 3007 wasintroduced in the New Jersey StateAssembly. An identical resolution,also No. 3007, was introduced onFebruary 24 in the New Jersey State

Senate. The full text follows.

Assembly Concurrent ResolutionN o . /4 concurrent resolution requesting the State D epartment of Education to review and report to theLegislatureon inaccuracies concerning captive nations in the SovietUnion contained in elementary andhigh school textbooks.

Whereas, Many history and geography textbooks in use in elementary and high school curricula inschool districts thro ugho ut the statemisrepresent facts concerning captive nations in the Soviet Union; andWhereas , These misrepresentations are particularly disturbing tothe v ariou s ethnic co mmunities whichare arbitrarily associated with theiroppressors; andWhereas, The term "Ru ssia" refersonly to one o f the 15 republics thatcons t i tu te the Sovie t Union andtherefore cannot factually be usedinterchangeably with the latter term;andWhereas, The inaccuracies contained in elementary and high schooltextbooks have become ingrained inthe minds of the students who havegraduated from these institutionsthus fostering the spread of thesedamaging misrepresentations particularly in academe and the mediaand will continue to do so unlesscorrected; andWhereas, The teaching of theseinaccuracies by public schools constitutes a violation of the civil rightsof all Americans descended from theaffected captive nations; and -Whereas, In its annual resolutioncommemorating the anniversary ofthe independence of the Ukrainianpeople this House has repeatedlyrequested the State Department ofEducatio n to review the incidence ofmisrepresentation about Ukraineand o ther capt ive nat ions ; now,therefore.Be it resolved by the GeneralAssembly of the State of New Jersey(the Senate concurring):

1. The Legislature requests theState Department of Education toreview and study the incidence ofmisrepresentation in elementary andsecondary schoo l textboo ks concerning Ukraine and other captive nations. -2 . The commissioner of the Department of Education report theresults of the department's study tothe Senate and General AssemblyCommittees on Education and theGoverno r's Ethnic A dvisory Council.3 . The commiss ioner in tervenewith school districts in the state tocorrect the inaccuracies.4 . A duly authenticated copy ofthis concurrent resolution, signed bythe president of the Senate and thespeaker o f the G eneral Assembly,andattested to by the secretary of theSenate and the clerk of the GeneralAssembly shall be transmitted to thecommissioner of the Department ofEducation.STATEMENT77ii,r concurrent resolution requests the State Department ofEducation to study the incidence ofmisrepresentationconcerning captive

nations in the Soviet Union in text-books used in elementary and secondary schools. I t also calls for a reportof the departm ent's findings by thecommissioner of education to theSenate and General Assembly Committees on Education and the Governor's Ethnic Advisory Council.

RECOMMENDED ACTION:Irrespective o f the state in which

you live, please write to the sponsoring legislators and to your localnewspaper and thank them for theirunusual act of concern. It would bemost effective if children of ourUkrain ian schoo ls would wr i tecollective thank-you notes.If you live in a state other thanNew Jersey, write to your legislatorsand ask them to please introducesimilar resolutions. Also, encourageyour community leaders to join inthis action.WRITE TO:Senators:Jo hn P. Caufield, 1086 OrangeAve., N ewark, N.J. 07106.Joseph Hirkala, 33 Temple Place,Passaic, N .J. 07055.Laurence S. Weiss, P.O. Box 229,Perth Amboy, N .J. 08862.Donald T . DiFrancesco , 1906Westfield Ave., Scotch Plains, N .J.07076.Walter E. Foran, 135 Main St.,Flemington, N .J. 08822.Edward T. O'Connor Jr., 1761Kennedy Blvd., Jersey City, N .J.07305.Assemblywoman:Mildred Barry Garvin, P.O. Box1 1 2 7 , East Orange, N .J. 07019.Assemblymen:Raymond Lesniak, 60 Prince St.,Elizabeth, N .J. 07208.

Thomas J. Deverin, 28 CypressSt., Carteret, N .J. 07008.George J. Otlowski, 511 NewBrunswick Ave., Perth Am boy, N .J.08861.William E. Flynn, 183 Highway3 5 , Cliffwood, N .J. 07721.Dean A. Gallo, 146 ParsippanyRo ad, Parsippany, N. J. 07054.William Bishop, Rockaway Town-square Mall, Ro ckaway, N .J. 07866.

Arthur R. Albohn, 264 South St.,Mo rristown, N .J. 07960.Robert E. Littell, P.O. Box 77,Franklin, N .J. 07416.Garabed "Chuck" Haytaian, 106Grand Ave . , Hacket t s to wn, N .J .07804.Richard A. Zimmer, 70 Main St.,Flemington, N .J. 08822.Walter J. Kavanaugh, 1 6 N . BridgeSt., Som erville, N .J. 08876.Elliot F. Smith, 11 2 Amwell Ro ad,Belle Mead, N .J. 08502.Joseph D. Patero, P.O. Box 747,Manwille, N .J. 08835.Richard Van Wagner, 24 Leonard -vil le Road, New Mo nmouth, N .J .07748.Richard F . Visotcky, 104 Midland

A v e . , Garfield, N .J. 07026.Robert C. Janiszewski, 99 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N .J. 07302.Joseph V. Doria Jr., 235 Broadway, Bayonne, N .J. 07002.The proper form of address is:The Hono rable N AMEThe G eneral Assembly of the State ofNew JerseyADDRESS

Dear Mr. or Mrs. LAST NAMEThe Honorable NAMEThe Senate of the State of NewJerseyADDRESSDear Senator LAST NAMEP . S . : It is without question thatVictor Lapychak, legislative aide to

Sen. Caufield, is the one individualwho ' is personally and singularly"responsible for the above resolutionbeing formulated and introduced.We believe that such an example ofdedication to the cause of Ukrainesets a standard for others in the fieldto fo llow . Fo r this, we and theUkrainian community owe Victor anexpress ion o f gra t i tude . TheM A C .

U N A p r e s i d e n t t h a n k s e t h n i c l e a d e r sJERSEY CITY, N .J . - UNA Supreme P res ident Joh n O. Fl i s has

responded to the letters of ethnic andco mmu nity leaders who pledged supportand extended sympathy on the occasionof the 50th anniversary of the tragicGreat Famine of 1932-33 in Ukraine.He also thanked U.S. Sen. CharlesPercy, chairman of the Senate ForeignRelations Com mittee, and Illinois Gov.James R. Thompson for their statements of concern.The letters of these leaders and publicofficials were published last week in TheWeekly's' special issue on the GreatFamine.In his letter to Aloysius Mazewski,president o f the Polish National Alliance,Mr. Flis wrote the following:"The Ukrainian Nation al Association wishes to extend its thanks andappreciation to you and to your members for your message of solidarity withUkrainian Americans in commemorating the 50th anniversary o f the geno-cidal Great Famine suffered by ourUkrainian brethren in the yea rs 1932-33with the loss of over 7 million victims."We will take the liberty of reprintingin our newspaper excerpts from your,expressions of sympathy." W e a r e privileged to b e able to countyou and your m embers as friends of theUkrainian people in this hour of commemoration of the Soviet-made tragedy

of 1932-33."Similar letters were sent to : Mayn ardI. Wishner, national president of TheAmerican Jewish Committee; MarshallL . Zissman, AJC Chicago Chapterpresident; John Yo nan, executive director of the Assyrian Universal AllianceFoundation; Stanley Balzekas Jr.,president of the Balzekas Museum ofLithuanian Culture; Anthony J. For-nelli, chairman of Festa Italiana; Els-beth M. Seewald, national presidento f the German. American N at ionalCongress; Connie Seals, former directo r o f the I l l ino is Commiss ion onHuman Rela t ions ; Edwin Cudecki ,chair of the Illinois Consultation onEthnicity in Education; Ross Harano,past governor. Midwest District Council of the Japanese American CitizensLeague; Kazys Sidlauskas , na t ionalpresident of the Lithuanian AmericanCounci l Inc . ; Arthur R. Velasquez,member,' board o f directors of theMexican American Legal Defense andEducation Fund; James.H. Lucien,executive secretary, Chicago branch ofthe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; John A.Kromkowski, president of The National Center for Urban Ethnic Affairs;Andrew A. Athens, president of theUnited Hellenic American Congress;and N icholas Reisman, president of theZionist Organization of Chicago.


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6 - ; T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K LY S U N D A Y , M A R C H 2 7 , 1 9 8 3 \ . No. 13

U k r a i n i a n W e e lCommunity commitment

The children of Ukrainian immigrants, particularly those that are firstgeneration, often lead dual lives. On the one hand, they are products of theAmerican educational system, and often work and socialize in the non-Ukrainian world. On the other, they enjoy the benefits of the Ukrainiancommunity, its institutions, banks, youth organizations, churches and schools.Yet, there is a real danger that they have taken the community, built largelythrough the tireless efforts of their parents and grandparents, for granted.Most of these institutions exist because people gave freely of their time andmoney to make sure that their children would be assured a Ukrainian identityand, what's more, a Ukrainian community. They worked Sundays andweeknights - often for free. They paid the bills, maintained the buildings ,taught at Saturday schools, worked at camps, chaperoned dances.But parents and grandparents are, as they must, getting older. It is time thattheir children help shoulder some of the burden and not assume that someon eelse will do all the work.Granted, it is difficult for young Ukrainians acclimated to the American wayto g ive up their leisure time,'their weekends,their nights ou(. They cannot possessthe same urgency in keeping, the comm unity alive as did their parents orgrandparents. But if a spirit of volunteerism anil responsibility is not instilled,they may wake up one day and find that all that their parents worked for willhave vanished.

Whither Marxism?This year, the centenary of Karl Marx's death, it is particularly appropriate toexamine the state of his philosophical legacy, an ideology which has allowedtyrants to rule nearly 1.5 billion peo ple around the glob e. For years, his turgideconomic theories, often slickly packaged in brilliant journalistic tracts,mesmerized the intellectual establishment, which doggedly refused to qu estion,even in whispersj their dubious philosophical underpinnings.ri ' ToUay','riitfrryVoOfig h i n g s ; most notably former M arxists particularly'iri"France; are openly and vociferously challenging the apotheosisof their'mentor,along With the Communist systems which exist in his name. But self-abnegationhas its limits. While acknowledging that the practical implementation ofMarxist thought has thus far wrought only totalitarianism, they fall short ofcondemning the ideas themselves. In their limited apostasy, they do little morethan tweak Marx's beard. Virtually without exception, they hedge at callingMarx what he was a lightweight, mid-!9th century romantic philosopherwhose recondite pronouncements on economics and social change were sadly outof date the moment he conceived them and, when applied in the modern age,have succeeded only as an excuse for seizing power.How wrong was Marx? So wrong, in fact, that even the regimes which purportto exist under his philosophic m andate, are maintained on the strength of nakedpower rather than the power of his ideas.History shows us how pitifully flawed Marx's thinking really was. He believedthat the rapid industrialization sweeping through Europe in his time woulddestroy the established capitalist structure rather than strengthen it because itwould lead to an inevitable, structural and irreparable rift between workers andowners. What he failed to see - and this was his colossa l blunder - was theinherent adaptability of capitalism. In virtually every industrial country, therevolution he predicted did not happen. Only in the feudal Russia, a countryonly on the brink of industrialization, and in China, a backward and agrariansociety, did Marxism take hold, and it had nothing at all to do with Marx's"march of history" but was the result of a variety of complex contingencies.In fact, it has been argued that it was Lenin who rehabilitated Marx from theslag heap of intellectual history. It was he who craftily found in Marx's badlymuddled theories what seemed like conveniently apodictic elements; that is,confident certainties (slogans, really) that could be used to seize power and keep `it in the name of industrialization and social progress. It mattered little thatMarx's ideas concerned themselves with already established capitalist-industrialsocieties. In Marx's murky references to a proletarian state-structure, hisapothegms about religion and his misguided visions of classless societies, Leninfound a license for state tyranny.The result of all this, as The Economist rightly observes, is that Marxism hasbecome a weapon for seizing power, not for inspiring the loyalty of those

governed in its name; one way of starting the process of industrialization, but nota way of running industrial societies efficiently and humanely.Marxism, then, is bankrupt. What's more, it has aged badly. Even thecountries that ostensibly champion its cause and whose leaders lay wreathsbefore Marx's tired visage, open ly realize the barrenness ofthis ideology. In theirquest to prime moribund econom ies. Communist leaders talk of incentive plans,decentralization, limited private ownership and other methods of increasingproductivity and efficiency, ideas that have more in comm on w ith Adam Sm iththan with Marx.The death of Marxism will be slow, but it is inevitable. It hangs on as a rallyingcall in some underdeveloped countries of Africa, Asia and Latin A merica, butfew would argue that it is the potency of Marxist ideas rather than Soviet armswhich give it its disruptive potential.

th e Great famineDiss ident l iterature abo un dsin references t o Ukrainian holocaust

JERSEY CITY, N.J. - Becausethe Great Famine in Ukraine in 1932-33 was inarguably part of Stalin'scampaign to eradicate the Ukrainiannation, references to it invariablyappear in writings of a new generation of nationally conscious Ukrainians, the dissidents of the 1960s and70s.

To what extent the famine helpedform their political views is problematic, and, given the huge quantity of samvydav and dissident literature, it is impossible to know for surehow many Ukrainian dissidentsmade specific references to the famine. However, it is clear that thisnational tragedy, which resulted inthe death of some 7 million Ukrainian peasants, perhaps best embodied the Soviet-Russian attitudetoward Ukraine as an independentnation and, as such, was etched in theminds of young Ukrainian national-and human-rights activists.

Of all the dissidents and youngintellectuals to com e to the fore in the1960s, perhaps no one better articulated the renewed aspirations of theUkrainian nation than Vasyl Symo-nenko, a young poet who, before hisuntimely death at age 28 in 1963, wasthe spiritual leader of a group ofwriters and scholars that Would cometo be known as the "Shestydesiat-nyky" (Sixties Group). The group,which included writers Lina Ko-stehko and Ivan Dziuba, attendeddissident trials and formed the vanguard of what was to develop into aburgeoning Ukrainian dissidentmovement that was to reach its peakin the 1970s.

Though he was born in 1935, twoyears after the Great Famine, Mr.Symonenko became aware of itsimmense symbolic meaning to theUkrainian nation. Several of hispoems make references to the famine,particularly "Necrology for a CornCob Which Died at the ProvisionaryStore," which was blacklisted in theUSSR and first appeared in the Westin 1965. The poem is a thinly veiledrefere nce to Soviet agricultural policyand the devastation that it brought inUkraine. He also mentions the famine in his diaries.

Another poet who mentioned thefamine in the broader context ofSoviet attempts to destroy the Ukrainian nation was Mykola Rudenko, afounding member in 1976 of theUkrainian Helsinki Group who wasarrested the following year andsentence d to a total of 12 years'imprisonment.In his epic poem "Khrest" ("Crucifix"), Mr. Rudenko mentionshunger and mass starvation in U-kraine in an obvious allusion to thefamine.Soviet novelist Alexander Sol-zhenitsyn, though a non-Ukrainian,painted a graphic picture of the GreatFamine in his novel "The FirstCircle," depicting a wagon-drivergoing from house to house searchingfor dead bodies. The passages are theonly ones in the book written inUkrainian.References to the Great Faminealso abound in issues of the clandestineUkrainian Herald, an undergroundpublication suppressed by authori

ties since its inception in 1970.Issue 7-8, which appeared in thespring of 1974 and was published inthe West in 1976, dev oted m uchspace to the famine. M aksym Sahay`dak's (a pseudonym) piece titled"Partial Cooperation and AstuteDiplomacy," which analyzed detentefrom the point of view of dem ocraticcircles in Soviet Ukraine, mentionedthe famine as an unmistakable exampleof the Soviet regime's historic reliance on terror to stay in power.

The only other article in Issue 7-8,"Ethnocide of Ukrainians in theUSSR," dealt extensively with thefamine as part of the systematicdestruction of the Ukrainian nationthrough genocide and forced Russifi`cation.Using a series of demographictables, the article showed that forcedcollectivization and dekulakizationwiped out some 5 to 7 million Ukrainian peasants and forced survivors toabandon agriculture, flee to the citiesand become part of Stalin's industrialization effort."The singular characteristic of thefamine of 1932-33 was that it was nota natural disaster, but had beenplanned at the top in the Kremlin,"the article n oted. "It was, in a manner,a political famine."The article also said that the hugeamounts of grain procured fromUkraine were sold on the international market to pay for Stalin'sindustrialization policies and feedcities outside Ukraine.The famine was also mentioned inthe first public statement issued bythe Ukrainian Patriotic Movement, arecently formed dissident group. Itcited the Great Famine as part of theSoviet regime's "policy of nationalgenocide in Ukraine."In his recently published memoirs,former dissident Gen. Petro Grigo`renk o, a co-founder of the UkrainianHelsinki Group who was exiled tothe West in 1977, recalled the effectsof the famine on his native village ofBorisovka.While living in Leningrad, he wassummoned to his village by news ofhis father's illness, which he was todiscover had been caused by malnutrition. On the train trip throughUkraine, he noticed ragged bands ofemaciated peasants at virtually everymajor station, begging for food.Unable to believe that the masshunger in his village was anythingmore than the result of administrative mismanagement, he wrote theCentral Committee, which responded by agreeing with his assessmentand supplying food to Borisovka. Itwasn't until 1956, wrote Gen. Grigo-renko, that he discovered "how the

peasantry's resistance to collectivefarms had been broken with the helpof a man-made famine."There are doubt less ly o therexamples of the famine's relation tomodern Ukrainian dissent. The scopeof the tragedy, and its explicit anti-Ukrainianism, give it a central placein the history of Ukraine in thiscentury, and make it a natural emotional and moral rallying point forpatriotic, nationally conscious U-kramians who hope for an independent state.


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No. 13

1932-34 Great Famine:by Dr. Dana Dalrymple

The article below was originally published in thescholarly journal Soviet S tudies in January 1964. W eserialize it here in The Weekly with the permission ofthe author, an agricultural economist employed by theU.S. Department of Agriculture.PART II

Ho w bad was the famine?In consequence of its extent, duratio n and intensity,the famine o f 1932-34 appears to have been one o f theworst the world has ever known. Deaths from thefamine ran into millions. And to the mortality can beadded numerous stories of unbelievable suffering andeven cannibalism.

A. Estimates of mortalityIt must be admitted at the outset that it is difficult tomake a precise estimate of the number of deaths fromthe famine.73 The Soviet government not only hasrefused official recognition of its existence, but has no tpublished any figures that might be used to calculatemortality. It did not, for example, publish crude birthor death rates during the famine period. 74 In fact, theonly known statement on this subject by a namedRussian official was the admission of Petrovsky,president of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic, that theyknew millions were dying.75Despite general official silence, some 20 Americansand Europeans who were in Russia during this period,or who had contact with emigres, have offered theirown estimates of the mortality. These range from 1 to10 millio n and ave rage S.5 millio n (see Table 1).

Table I: ESTIMATED FAM INE DEAT HS, 1933

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.

Estimate madeor reported by

Ralph BarnesWalter DurantyMaurice HindusWilliam ChamberlinStephen DugganFrederick BirchallBernard ParesEugene LyonsArchbishop of Canterbury 'Clarence ManningWhiting WilliamsN aum JasnyH a r r y L a n g "Thomas Walker 'N icholas PrychodkoWilliam ChamberlinEwald AmmendeOtto SchillerSerge ProkopoviczRichard SalletAverage

Estimated num berof deaths1,000,000 ^2,000,000 t3,000,000 ^4,000,0004,000,0004,000,000 t5,000,0005,000,000 t5,000,000 -5,000,000 5,000,000 t5,500,000 -6,000,0006,000,0007,000,000 ?7,500,000 t7,500,000 t7,500,000 .9,000,00010,000,0005,500,000 -

'Includes early 1934."Statement of'high Ukrainian Soviet official'; for Ukraineonly.'Indicates that thefiguregiven is an average of a range.

1. Ralph W. Barnes, "Million Feared Dead ofHunger in South Russia," New York Herald Tribune,August 21. 1933, p. 7.2. Walter Duranty, "Famine Toll Heavy in SouthernRussia," The New York Times, August 24, 1933, p. 1(computed from figures given by Duranty).3. Cited by Eugene Lyons in "Assignment inUto pia," Harcou rt Brace, New Y ork. 1937, p. 579.4. W.H. Chamber l in , "Sov ie t Taboos ," Fore ignAffairs, A pril 1935, p. 435.5. Stephen P. Duggan, "Russia After Eight Years,"Harper's Magazine, N o vember 1934, p. 696.6.- Frederick Birchall, "Fam ine in Russia Held Equalof 1921" The New York Times, August 25, 1933, p. 7.7.- Bernard Pares, "Russia," New American Library,New York, 1953, p. 7.8. Lyons, loc, cit. (estimates made by foreigners andRussians in Moscow).9. "Starvation in Russia" (proceedings, House ofLords. July 25). The Times (Londo n), July 26, 1934, p.7. ,

T H E U K R A I N IA N W E E K LY S U N D A Y , M A R C H 2 7 , 1983

)cumented view10. Clarence Manning, "Ukraine Under the Soviets."Boo kman Associates, N ew Yo rk, 1953, p. 101.11. Whiting Will iams, "The Worker ' s View ofEuro pe," N ation's Business, December 1933, p. 20.

12. N aum Jasn y, "The Socialized Agriculture of theUSSR," Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1949, p.553.13. Harry Lang, "Socialist Bares Soviet Horrors,"New York Evening Journal, April 15, 1935, p. 2.14. Thomas Walker, "6,000,000 Starve to Death inRussia," New York Evening Journal, February 18,1935, p. 1.15. N icholas Prychodko , "Ukraine and Russia ,"Ukrainian Can adian C om mittee, Winnipeg, 1953, p.15.16. Chamberlin, op. cit., p. 432 (estimates of foreignresidents of Ukraine).17. "Wide Starvation in Russia Feared," New YorkTimes. July I, 1934, p. 13.18. Otto Schiller, "Die Landwirtshaftspo litik derSowjets und ihre Ergebnisse, " Berlin, 1943, p. 79.19. Serge N . Proko povicz, "Histoire Econo mique deL'UR SS," Po rtulan, Paris, 1952, p. 66.20. "Says Ten Million Starved in Russia," New YorkWorld Telegram, July 7, 1933, p. 3.With two excep tions, ho wever, their figures refer towhat we have labelled the 1933 period. While this wasthe most severe portion of the famine, there wasunquestio nably a significant num ber of deaths in 1934,and some in 1932. On this basis, then, the figuresreported might be considered conservative for the fullperiod.In addition to these estimates, a number of otherobservers reported that the famine of 1933 alone wasasbad o r worse than the Russian famine in 1921 whichseems to be generally conceded as resulting in thedeath of abo ut 5 million people.76On the other hand, the work of two demographerswould suggest that the above figures may be on thehigh side. Using an indirect process (due to thepreviously cited lack of vital statistics), Lo rimer fo unda discrepancy of 5.5 million in the Soviet populationfrom 1927 to 1939 - a discrepancy which may havebeen due to "excess mortality."77 How much of thismay have been due to the famine, however, was"undetermined."7 ' Eason's study of this period leadshim to co nclude that it wo uld be difficult to show ho wthe figure co uld have go ne over 5 o r 6 million. Henotes that "...the evidence seems to be for a somewhatlower figure if anything."79But whatever the exact total - and we shal lpro bably never know for certain - it is clear that themo rtality from the famine ran well into the millions. If,on balance, a figure of 5 million is tentatively accepted,it may be seen that the num ber of deaths was over threetimes as high as during the well-known Irish potatofamine of the late 1840s.80 And of the few famines for(Continued on page IS)

73. In speaking of deaths from the famine, it is necessaryto include more than those who died from outright hunger."The majority died of slight colds which they could notwithstand in their weakened condition; of typhus, thefamiliar acco mpaniment of famine; of 'exha ustio n.' to usethe familiar euphemistic word in the death reports"(Chamberlin, o p. cit. 1934, p. 87).74. Letter from Warren Eason, Department of Economics, Princeton University, March 27, 1963; Kulischersuggests that the publication of these data ceased before thefamine (op, cit., p. 96).75. Fred E. Beal, "Word From N owhere." R. Hale,London, 1937, pp. 254-255 (published in the U.S. under thetitle of "Proletarian Journey").76. In chronological order: Jones, op.cit. (March 30andMay 13); Dni (Paris; Cited in "Conflicting S tories o f SovietFamine," The Literary Digest, April 15, 1933, p. II);Sabline, loc. cit.; Svobo da (Riga) (Cited by W alter Durantyin "Russian Emigres Push Fight on Reds," The New YorkTimes, August 12, 1933, p. 2); "Citizen," loc. cit.; andBertillon, loc. cit., (August 30).77. Lorimer, op. cit., p. 133. In this vein, Kulischer,suggests that mortality during the whole collectivizationperiod was "At least 5 million" (op. cit., pp. 97-98), whileTimasheff places the figure at 8 million (N icholas S.Timasheff, "The Great Retreat," Dutton, New York, 1946,p. 290).78. Ibid., pp. 121, 133. In one place, he "arbitrarily"assigns one-third of this to 1932 (though it seems clear fromhis comments on p. 121 he meant 1933), which would suggesta figure of 1.83 million for that one year (p. 134).79. Eason, loc. cit.80. Cecil Woodham-Smith: "Ireland's Hunger, England's F ault." The Atlantic, January 1963, p. 93; or "TheGreat H unger," Harper Row, New York, 1962, p. 411.

THE GREAT FAM INE

This year marks the 50th anniversary of one ofhistory s most horrifying cases ofgenocide theSoviet-made Great Famine of 1932-33. in whichsome 7 million Ukrainians perished.Relying on new s from Svoboda an d. later.The U krainian Weekly (which began publication in October 1 933), this column hopes toremind and inform Americans and Canadians ofthis terrible crime against humanity.By bringing other events worldwide into thepicture as well, the column hopes to give aperspective on the slate of the world in the yearsof Ukraine's Great Famine.PART VI

July 1932By Ju ly 1932 , r epo r t s abo u t the t r ag icsituation in Soviet-occupied Ukraine were seen o nthe pages of Svo boda on a more frequent basis.On July 11, 1932, a person named I. Sulyma"wrote an ar t icle about the "breadbasket ofEuro pe," titled "Famine in Soviet Ukraine."Theauthor wrote about the history of famines onUkrainian lands. He included the famine of1651-53 under H etman Bo hdan K hmelnytskyand the famine in western Ukraine in 1847. In theyear 1932, he wro te, famine was first observedin the regions of the Carpathian Mountains.This, according to the autho r, was caused by adrought .In eastern Ukraine, however, the famine, began with the Russian occupation, he said. The;. situation in. 1921-22 .wa s a lso jcatastRQphicbt h e a u t h o r n o t e d . H e q u o t e d f ro m a b o o ^published in New York in 1927, in which Prof.H. Fisher wrote: "The Soviets did not allowAmericans or, more specifically, the AmericanRelief Administration, to send food parcels orhelp the people in Ukraine."Mr. Sulyma wrote: "It has been 10 years sincethe famine of 1922. And once again tragic newscomes f r om Ukra ine . A l though the Sov ie tgovernm ent repo rts that 1931 produced a go odharvest, famine still rules in Ukraine." Theauthor noted that people perished trying to crossthe Dnister River. "The Red Moscow wants toturn Ukraine into a wasteland. Moscow Bolsheviks want to ruin our nation from the Zbruch

to the Caucasus. The Bo lsheviks are even tryingto make money on the famine by charging tax onany parcels that come into Ukraine," he said.That same day a letter from a Ukrainianworker in the Don oblast appeared in Svoboda.The person w rote that the price of corn flour rosefrom eight to 50 rubles. The only subject talkedabout is bread, he noted.A second letter received by Svoboda talkedabout the terrible hunger and the need for food.Although the 1931 harvest was good, the lettersaid, all the farm animals died for there isnothing to feed them. The family had receivedsome weeks-old bread, and tried to swallow itwith water. The person wrote that she feels theend of her life is nearing. "We have no fat, nomilk, and there will be none. Everyone hastrouble; everything good is gone, only misfortune reigns."On July 15, Svo bo da printed an ar t icleheadlined: "Stal in admits to the diff icul tsituation of agriculture in Ukraine." Accordingto the story, Stalin sent his right-hand man,,Premier Vyacheslav Mo lotov to do an overhaulo f the Communis t Pa r ty in Ukra ine . Th isassignment was given after a specially appointedcommission reviewed the agricultural situationin Ukraine. According to the story, peasantsbegan their spring planting but conducted itchaotically and without a specific plan. The(Continued on page 15)


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THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. MAR CH 27, 1983 No. 13

St. Andrew's M emorial Church:monument to Ukrainian martyrsby Roma Sochan Hadzewycz

SOUTH BOUN D BROOK, N .J . -S t . Andrew ' s Memor ia l Ukra in ianOr thodox Church r i ses ou t o f thesurrounding flat suburban area, clearlyvisible from nearby Interstate Route287. Built in a style atypical of American houses of worship, incorporatingelements of the Kozak Baroquearchitecture once popular in Ukraine, itis at once recognizable as a church.Few realize, however, that it is notonly a church where daily prayers areoffered to G od, but also a mo nument tomillions of Ukrainians, who, as thechurch's cornerstone notes, "gave theirlives in fight o r in martyrdo m for libertyand nat ional independence of theircountry,"and especially to those millionswho perished in the Great Famine of1932-33. Some 7 million men, womenand children died in that Soviet-contr ived famine planned by Stal in todestroy both spiritually and physically the Ukrainian n atio n.St. Andrew's Memorial Church is thefulfillment of a pledge made by Metro politan Mstyslav, leader of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, soon after he,as a bishop, toured Left Bank, oreastern, Ukraine.In 1942 then-Bish o p Mstyslav traveledthrough the areas near Poltava, Khar-

kiv, Kaniv and `N izhyn.and o bservedhow many churches built six or sevencenturies earlier no longer existed. Healso saw that the cemeteries - "especially the cemeteries, because that waswhere Ukraine's cultural and politicalleaders were buried," he recalled were all plowed under.The Soviet regime that had forcibly

taken control of once-free Ukraine "hadtried to erase the memory of the past bydestroying the churches and cemeteries," he recalled. Among the demolished cemeteries, he added, was theone where Ivan Kotliarevsky, the U-kra in ian wr i t e r who in t r oduced thevernacular as the language of literature,was buried. -^ sYears later, in 1965, at the dedicationceremonies of St. Andrew's Church, thehierarch explained: "When I was forcedinto exile from my beloved Ukraine, 1saw how the enemies destroyed thegraves of our heroes, dashing themonuments to pieces and plowing theearth under so that not a trace wouldremain. At that time the thought wasborn in my heart that when I had theopportunity in this free and by Godblessed America I would immediatelybuild a monument for those heroes.That wo uld be the first task that I wouldlike to realize, and this tho ught, with the

Sochan HidzewyczMetropolitan Mstyslav, the moving force behind the memorial church project,talks about the church and center, in his office at the metropolitan's residence.he lp o f God and peop le , came t ofruition."

"A nation that, like the Japanese, hasa cult of respect tow ard its ancestors will

St. Andrew's Memorial Ukrainian Orthodox Church towers above the 100-acre Ukrainian Orthodox Center.

never die, " said Metro po litan M styslavdurin g an interview his residencelocated several hundred feet from St.Andrew's Church.And it was with this in mind that, in1950, when the Ukrainian OrthodoxChurch bought a 57-acre estate inSomerset Co unty, N .J., to serve as itscenter, the hierarch was already visualizing that the tract of land wpuld.become the site of a national Ukrainiancemetery and church-monument.The archbishop began to set to paper hisconception of the church and cemetery.He insisted that the church be originaland extraordinary, and that it haveelements of Ukrainian-style architecture which would reflect the genius of

the Ukrainian nation. And, he felt, thechurch must reach high into the sky.Archb ishop Mstys lav engaged aUkrainian Canadian architect, GeorgeKodak, to design the church, and heshowed him his own drawings. A project was prepared, and a fund-raisingdrive was anno unced fo r the church thatwas to become the centerpiece of theUkrainian Orthodox Center.Groundbreaking ceremonies for construction of the church took place onJuly 21, 1955, and thus the first steptoward the realization of ArchbishopMstyslav's pledge was taken.Meanwhile, as the church was beingcompleted, St. Andrew's UkrainianOrthodox Cemetery began operationsin 1964 with the burial there of theremains of the renowned Ukrainiansculptor, Serhiy Lytvynenko.Dedication ceremonies of the memorial church took place on October10, 1965 10 years after constructionwas begu n. N early 10,000 faithfulf locked to the Ukrainian OrthodoxCenter of St. Andrew the First-CalledApostle to view the blessing of the newchurch by Metropolitan John Theodo-rovich with the assistance of Archbishop Mstyslav..In his sermon that day MetropolitanJohn noted that the church was built forthe benefit "of our children and thefuture generations of our nation.""In it fthe church) we will daily offerour prayers to God our prayers forthe martyrs of our crucified Church, forMetropo litan Vasyl, for all o ur bishops,clergy and faithful who were" bruta llytortured. They all are alive in God andalive in our memories. They are unforgettable."In it we will daily offer o ur prayers toGod for all those w ho fell on the fieldo fbattle in defense of the freedom of ournation, for those who died at the hands

(Cont inued on pagt 16)


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No. 13 THE UKR AINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAR CH 27, 1983 9

Panorama of Ukrainian culture in the Big Appleby Helen Perozak Smindak

The pysankaCall it a work of art, an art form or acraft, the Ukrainian pysanka is intrinsically Ukrainian. It has become anidentity symbol that the public recognizes as a truly Ukrainian objetd'art. Every year more and more peopleflock to workshops and demonstrationsto learn about the batik technique ofdecorating Easter eggs with age-oldUkrainian talismans. Magazine andnewspaper editors can't resist the eyecatching combination of bright colors,intricate designs and ritual significance.This spring, pysanky are being seenaround town in an exhibit at TheUkrainian Museum, in workshops atthe New York Botanical Gardens in theBronx, and in Ukrainian gift shops inthe East Village. There are pictures onthe coyer of The New York Times' new

Games m agazine, in a mini po rtfolio inthe April issue of USAir magazine, andin the February issue of McCall'sDecorating Crafts and Ideas magazine.The U krainian Museum has mountedan exhibit of some 300 beautiful pysanky from its own collection. Theexhibition, open Wednesdays throughSundays, to S p.m., except for JulianEaster Sunday on May 8, will runthrough June 26.Supplementing the museum's pysanky workshops and demonstrationsare showings of Slavko Nowytski's film"Pysanka," winner of the G olden Eagleand G old Hugo awards in 1976 and afinalist in the American Film Festival.Two workshop sessions a day areoffered for adults on March 27, April 9,10, 16 and 17 (separate workshops forthose from 12 to 16 were held on March20 and 26). All supplies necessary forcompleting a pysanka, plus a booklet ofbasic traditional designs, are included inthe fee (S10 for adults, S8.50 for members, students and seniors, free forchildren under 12). For information,call 228-0110.How-to dem onstrations were held ontwo occasions earlier this month, andanother come-see-how-it's-done sessionis scheduled for April 2. The fee is S2.50;S2 for members, students and seniors,and free for kids under 12. The fee forworkshops and demonstrations, whichare funded in part by the New YorkState Council on the Arts, includesadmission to the museum.If you'd iike to pop in to the museumat 203 Second Ave. just to ogle thepysanky which are on display, themuseum admission is SI (50 cents forstudents and seniors), a real bargainwhen you consider that you actually getthree exhib its for the price of one -intricately decorated Ukrainian Eastereggs, architectural splendors in "TheLost Architecture of Kiev" exhibit(through May 31), and colorful Ukrainian folk costumes (a continuing exhibit).For the fifth year in a row, Marts

Jacuczko of Queens has been presidingat Easter egg-decorating workshopssponsored by the New York BotanicalGardens in the Bronx. This year'sclasses, heid on March 18 and 20, beganon both days at 9:30 a.m. with theshowing of Mr. Nowytski's "Pysanka"film and ended around 2:30 in theafternoon as beaming homemakers,senior citizens and teenagers preparedto take home the pysanky they hadlovingly completed by hand from stepone. The workshops were held ii. theEducational Building, where an exhibitof pysanky, egg-decorating kits and

books and Easter greeting cards provided by Yaroslav Pastushenko of theArka Company. 48 E. Seventh St., hasbeen dressing up a third-floor area forover a month.Thanks to Lilia Dlaboha Senenko,the April issue of USAir magazinecarries an attractive three-page treatment on Ukrainian Easter eggs, titled"From Ukraine, With Love." An editorial assistant at USAir magazine whoalso writes an events column for Am-trak`s Express magazine, Ms. Senenkosuggested the story and was the^assignededitor on the piece. Ms. Senenko alsoconvinced the editors to omit the article"the" in references to Ukraine. Thestory, written by Roman Rozij, featurescolor ph otos by Roy Elkind of exquisitepysanky decorated by Christine Le-wandowska Fiore of Manhattan. Copiesof the issue may be obtained by sendinga request with a S2 check to USAirMagazine, 34 E. 51st St., New York,N.Y. 10022.Elementary school students in Ko-diak, Alaska, and other Alaskan townshave developed an interest in the Ukrainian egg-decorating process and havebeen ordering decorating kits andsupplies from the Surma Book Company on East Seventh Street. Surmaowner Myron Surmach doesn4 knowwhat generated this interest. Perhaps itwas the mention of Ukrainian Eastereggs and his store's name in the Februaryissue of McCall's Decorating Crafts andIdeas magazine that sparked the wholething. Incidentally, Surma's decoratingkits are currently being sold in the gift

shop of the Smithsonian Institute inWashington.Since many Ukrainians will be celebrating Easter Sunday on May 8, thereare still six weeks left to handcraft yourown pysanky for your Easter basket andfor gift-giving to friends. Take a quickdecorating course at The UkrainianMuseum, stock up on supplies at Arka,Surma or the Eko Gift store at 145Second Ave., and join the do-it-yourself crowd.Artists at t work

" The revival of Rodgers A Hart'smusical com edy "On Your Toes" isbeing touted by critics as a bonanza forBroadway, a stunning new production,and an utterly charming musical. ForGeorge de la Pena, who portrays a

Russian premier danseur in the production, Marilyn Stasio of the New YorkPost had this comment: "George de laPena smoothly melds balletic grace andBroadway razzmatazz." Mr. de la Penatakes the spotlight as he performs "ThePrincess Zenobia Ballet" with theshow's star, Natalia Makarova. Themusical is playing at the VirginiaTheatre. 245 W. 52nd St., 977-9370." An appreciative audience packedthe Hunter College auditorium lastWednesday night for a concert by theHunter College Symphony featuringpianist Juliana Osinchuk in performances of Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. I and Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 2. Heard throughout theTchaikovsky` composition, also calledthe "Little Russian" Symphony, is thelively Ukrainian folk song "Zhuravel"(The Crane). Actor William Shust took a breakfrom performances of his one-man play"Chekhov on the Lawn" to read Englishtranslations of works by Germanauthors during the German Book Fairheld at the Sheraton Centre in Manhattan from March 4 to 7. Mr. Shustread translations of leading Germanwriters Hoimar von Ditfurth, GunterGrass, Martin Walser and Max Frischafter the authors read excerpts fromtheir works in German.A pr im adonna

In the midst of a heavy schedule ofactivities in February, the UkrainianInstitute of America took time out tohonor a gracious lady who has been aguiding force in the careers of manyballet stars and an inspir ation tohundreds of Ukrainian Americans. Aspecial evening was held since Ukrainian primadonna and ballet teacherValentina Pereyaslavec was markingher 75th birthday, together with 57years as a professional in the balletworld and 33 years with the AmericanBallet Theatre school.Among the speakers who salutedMme. Pereyaslavec was Robert Larkin,once a pupil in her classes and now aspecial correspondent for Newsday. Hesaid that he was privileged to study inMme. Pereyaslavec's classes "in thepresence of some of the greatest balletstars in the Western world NoraKaye, Alicia Alonzo, John Kriza,

Melissa Hayden, Violette Verdy andMargot Fonteyn.""All the stars respected and feared her.she would not tolerate lateness to herclasses or variations on her themes. Herenergy is amazing, and her discipline islegendary," he recalled.Mr. Larkin noted that he learnedfrom Mme. Pereyaslavec that "you donot call a Ukrainian a Russian."Dance teacher-choreographer RomaPryma B ohachevsky, who was a studentat the State Theater Ballet School whenMme. Pereyaslavec came to the StateTheater of Opera and Ballet in Lvivasaprima ballerina, remembers that sheprojected great intensity on stage,inspiring students to create feeling andmood in dance. She also took aninterest in young dancers and gave themadvice.Mrs. Bohachevsky, who describedMme. Pereyaslavec as an active, creativedancer, a choreographer, a teacher ofstars, a good colleague and a long-timefriend, sketched a brief biography ofMme. Pereyaslavec her years in Lvivas a prima ballerina, the war years inIngolstadt, West Germany, where sheorganized a ballet school, then emigration to the United States. After a briefstay in Philadelphia, Mme. Pereyaslavecmoved to New York, began to teach atthe Davis Studio in Carnegie Hall, andopened a school for over 150 UkrainianAmerican young people in Newark andPhiladelphia. As her reputation becameknown, she was engaged to teach at theAmerican Ballet Theatre scho ol. Shewas a guest teacher at London's RoyalBallet, the Royal Ballet in Copenhagen,and in Vienna and Cannes, and wasinvited to many American dance conventions. Still active now, she taughtspecial master classes at Mrs. Bohachev-sky's summer dance w orkshop last year.

Tributes from alumni were deliveredby Basil Tershakovec, who reminiscedabout the classes he attended in Mme.Pereyaslavec's studio on St. Mark'sPlace in the 1950s, Oksana Wojnarovv-ska Bazylevsky, whose ballet studies ledto a dance career at Radio City MusicHall, and Dr. Andrij V. Szul, a Philadelphia attorney and counselor at lawwho spoke glowingly of his formerteacher.The program, which was conductedin a most charming manner by Mrs.Bohachevsky, included an address onthe history of dance by Ostap Tarnaw-sky, chairman of the Slovo UkrainianWriters' Association, piano solos byDaria Hordynska-Karanowycz, andUkrainian songs by baritone GeorgeBohachevsky ol the New York CitvOpera. At the conclusion of the ceremonies, ballet student Nina Bachinskaran up to present a bouquet ot roses toMme. Pereyaslavec.Among the guests who attended theprogram and reception were CharlesDillingh am, ABT general manager;Valia Vishniewsky, Mme. Pereyaslavec spianist for 30 years; Doris Hering,

executive director ol the NationalAssoc iation for Regional B allets: andformer students Maria Jones, who nowruns a ballet school, and Barbara Cole,a teacher for the Alvin Ailey DanceCompany.Pho to reques t

George de la Pena and Natalia Makarova in "The Princess Zenobia" ballet, one ofthe highlights of the stunning new Broadway production, "On Your Toes."

The Ukrainian Bandurists Chorus,based in Detroit, is preparing for itsspring concert tour of American cities(the New York concert will be given at(Continued on page 12)


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10 THE UKR AINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 27. 1983 No. 13

Ukrainian pro h o ckey upd ate m f foby Ihor N. Stelmach j / ^ N

Kluzak's potential raisesBruins brass optimism

"Potentially," said Hairy Sinden, inthe manner ofan Edison unveiling theelectric light bulb, "we think that wecould have, in. three, four or five years,one of the premier defensemen inall ofhockey.""By the time our trainingcampisover,maybe by the time he's played 10, 20 or30 games, hell be very comfortable andbe a regular defenseman."Moments later, the Bruins' generalmanager was comparing Gord Kluzak,the 18-year-old defenseman who wasthe first choice over all in the 1982 NH Lentry draft, to Montreal's Larry Robinson. "But I'm not saying he is LarryRobinson," Sinden added.Meanwhile, across the room , Kluzakwas beaming down from his 6-4, 220-pound heights at the Boston hockey,media, which comes in a

the ukrainian weekly 1983-13

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