The Three Crises of 1956 The Three Crises of 1956 and the and the

“Second Cold War” 1956-1963“Second Cold War” 1956-1963

1) The Suez Crisis (July 1956)1) The Suez Crisis (July 1956) 2) Poland Moves Toward Independent 2) Poland Moves Toward Independent

ActionAction 3) The Hungarian Uprising (July – Nov. 3) The Hungarian Uprising (July – Nov.

1956)1956)

1) The Suez Crisis (July 1) The Suez Crisis (July 1956)1956)

USSRUSSR build close relations w/ Egypt build close relations w/ Egypt US cancels loan for US cancels loan for Aswan DamAswan Dam Egypt nationalized the canalEgypt nationalized the canal 29 Oct. thru 5 Nov. 29 Oct. thru 5 Nov. – Israel, Britain, – Israel, Britain,

and France invade Egyptand France invade Egypt US condemns US condemns the attack in the UNthe attack in the UN 5 Nov. 5 Nov. – Khrushchev – Khrushchev threatens threatens

nuclear missile attacksnuclear missile attacks Cease-fire the following day Cease-fire the following day

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/High_Dam_Burg_Closeup%2C_Aswan%2C_Egypt%2C_Oct_2004.jpg

Israel 1949 & 1956Israel 1949 & 1956

French Paratroopers in Port SaidFrench Paratroopers in Port Said

2) Poland Moves Toward 2) Poland Moves Toward Independent ActionIndependent Action

June riots in Poznan June riots in Poznan over work targetsover work targets Polish Communist Party Polish Communist Party turns to turns to

Wladyslaw Gomulka Wladyslaw Gomulka to overcome to overcome hostilitieshostilities

GomulkaGomulka gives assurances that Poland gives assurances that Poland would remain loyal to the would remain loyal to the Warsaw Warsaw PactPact

Khrushchev w/draws troops Khrushchev w/draws troops – situation – situation in Hungary getting worsein Hungary getting worse

Wladyslaw Wladyslaw Gomulka – Gomulka – (Speech 24 (Speech 24 October) October)

3) The Hungarian Uprising3) The Hungarian Uprising Late October 1956Late October 1956: street fighting : street fighting

erupts as a result of Hungarian erupts as a result of Hungarian support for Polessupport for Poles

KhrushchevKhrushchev 30,000 troops (tanks 30,000 troops (tanks & artillery)& artillery)

New government formedNew government formed Imre Nagy Imre Nagy – Communist reformer– Communist reformer

Hungarians in Budapest Hungarians in Budapest 19561956

Imre NagyImre Nagy

3) The Hungarian Uprising –Nagy 3) The Hungarian Uprising –Nagy Threatens Soviet PowerThreatens Soviet Power

He He went further than Gomulka went further than Gomulka in his in his demands demands

Nagy:Nagy: 1) Called for the 1) Called for the removal of Soviet troopsremoval of Soviet troops 2) Sought the neutralization of Hungary2) Sought the neutralization of Hungary 3) Announced plans for the 3) Announced plans for the withdrawal withdrawal

from from the Warsaw Pactthe Warsaw Pact 4) Planned to share power with non-4) Planned to share power with non-

Communist groupsCommunist groups

The Soviet Response The Soviet Response Early NovemberEarly November: Soviet troops : Soviet troops

invade Hungaryinvade Hungary Deposed Nagy Deposed Nagy - later executed- later executed Imposed Imposed Janos Kadar Janos Kadar (loyal to (loyal to

Moscow) as premierMoscow) as premier

Janos Kadar in 1958Janos Kadar in 1958

Memorial to the Memorial to the Hungarian Hungarian revolutionaries in revolutionaries in Cleveland, Ohio.Cleveland, Ohio.