The Status of the Building Energy Sector in DPR Korea

PIINTEC, DPR of Korea

BEET Workshop, Beijing, China, 9th, March, 2008

Building Energy Sectors and Activities in DPRK

Residential (over 20% of total energy consumption in 1990 )– Heating & Cooking– Lighting (small in share)– Electrical appliances– Water Supply and Drainage

Public & Commercial– Heating– Cooling ( Very little in share )– Lighting– Other (Hot Water Supply, Electrical instruments, etc)

Building Energy Devices

For Individual Heating– Coal Stove ( is called “Butumak”)

Use the coal briquette (called “ Kumongtan”) Combution efficiency is nearly over 90%

Item Amount, MJ/day Share, %

CookingLoss from Stove surfaceHeatingLoss Exhausted gasTotal

5.127.752.9

6.792.4

5.429.957.4

7.3100

Table 1. Thermal Energy Balance in a coal stove

Building Energy Devices

For Individual Heating– Biomass Stove ( mainly used in rural areas)

Shrubs, Agricultural by-products, etc Thermal Efficiency is less than 65%

– For cooking, nearly 10~15%

– Electricity Heater used in some areas with small Hydro Power Plants some of the public and commercial buildings in urban

Heating Period: from Mid. September to Mid. April

Building Energy Devices

For Lighting– Incandescent Lamp– FCB

Undergoing the plane for replacing the Incandescent Lamps with FCB

Challenges in implementation of this plane:– Initial investments, equality of electricity such as voltage,

frequency

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK

Thermal Insulating of Building– Properties of Building Surfaces

Wall :– Coefficient of heat transfer: K= 0.6~2.0 W/( ㎡ K)

Windows:– Single or double glazing K= 6.0~2.8 W/( ㎡ K)

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK

Thermal Insulating of Building– Properties of insulating material

Common used :– Specific weight 450~500 kg/ ㎥– Coefficient of heat transfer: λ= 0.15 W/(m K)

Foamed cement concrete (Recently used) :– Specific weight 230 kg/ ㎥– Coefficient of heat transfer: λ= 0.07 W/(m K)

Good for making and constructing

Wider application in our country…

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK

Introduction of mini or micro CHP plants– Raw Fuels: Husks of rice– Capacity of generator: 1.5kW, 15kW, 30kW – Electricity supply for driving machines, lighting and

TV.– Hot water supply for bathrooms.– Have founded its application

in farm villages.

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK

Development of Solar Energy – Total amount of solar energy in a day:

3.6~4kWh/ ㎡– Share by seasons

Autumn : about 44% Spring and summer : about 31% Winter : about 15%

– Special feature Share of scattering light is greater than other areas

( 30~40%).

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK

Type of Solar Energy use Type of Solar Energy use – PSH : Most widely used.PSH : Most widely used.– PV system: little used, only for pilots or in small PV system: little used, only for pilots or in small

scale scale – Solar cooking stove: little used, only for pilots or in Solar cooking stove: little used, only for pilots or in

small scale small scale – SWH systems: (for bathroom),SWH systems: (for bathroom),

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK

Development of Solar Energy (Examples) Technical characteristics:– Floor Area of a household: 160 ㎡– Heating Load for a HH: 2.2 ㎾ (only for useful area) – Share of solar energy: 1.8 ㎾– Type of system: PSH– Energy efficient windows (window coated infrared

reflection film): K<=1.6 W/( ㎡·K)

– Enhanced the wall insulation K<=0.3 W/( ㎡ ·K)

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK

Use of Biogas in households– Designing and manufacturing of the useful

digesters (not only for public uses for households)– Development of biogas bulbs for lighting

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK

Energy Efficiency Improvement of devices – Application of gravity circulating hot water heating

system in public & commercial buildings– Application of special coal briquette stove (small in

size and convenient in operation), which is called “Chakhwatan” stove).

Reduces the cooling load in summer

more efficient than current coal briquette stoves

Activities and Technologies for Building Energy Efficiency Improvements in DPRK

Analysis and Evaluation of BEEI Measures and Technologies – Methodology and Tools

LEAP, RETScreen International software package

Homer.– Challenges:

Lack of full understanding, little experiences and training for the application of tools above.

Significance of BEEI in DPRK

Relieve the energy congestion Consistent with needs for sustainable

development– Social (better living conditions, social interest in energy

saving, , etc) – Economical (productivity, income, etc)– Environmental (reduce of GHG emission)

Thank you.