the split and merge protocol for interactive video-on-demand wanjiun liao and victor o.k. li ieee...
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![Page 1: The Split and Merge Protocol for Interactive Video-on-Demand Wanjiun Liao and Victor O.K. Li IEEE Multimedia](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070412/56649d815503460f94a65fd4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Split and Merge Protocol The Split and Merge Protocol for Interactive Video-on-for Interactive Video-on-
DemandDemand
Wanjiun Liao and Victor O.K. LiWanjiun Liao and Victor O.K. Li
IEEE Multimedia
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OutlineOutline
IntroductionIntroduction The Split and Merge (SAM) protocolThe Split and Merge (SAM) protocol Illustration of the VCR operationIllustration of the VCR operation ResultsResults ConclusionsConclusions
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IntroductionIntroduction
True-VodTrue-Vod Assign Assign a dedicated videoa dedicated video stream to custome stream to custome
rr Too ExpensiveToo Expensive (each stream requires high-s (each stream requires high-s
peed data transport)peed data transport) Near-VodNear-Vod
BatchingBatching Staggered BroadcastStaggered Broadcast Piggybacking BroadcastPiggybacking Broadcast
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Previous WorksPrevious Works
P.S. Yu, J.L. Wolf, and H. ShachnaiP.S. Yu, J.L. Wolf, and H. Shachnai Based on Based on staggered broadcaststaggered broadcast developed the look-ahead scheduling with set-aside buffer protocoldeveloped the look-ahead scheduling with set-aside buffer protocol only supports the interactive operation of pause and resumeonly supports the interactive operation of pause and resume
V.O.K. Li et al.V.O.K. Li et al. Based on Based on staggered broadcaststaggered broadcast creates a new stream to handle user interactions for each interactive creates a new stream to handle user interactions for each interactive
useruser work only if very few users issue interactive operationswork only if very few users issue interactive operations
L. Golubchik, J.C.S. Lui, and R.R. MuntzL. Golubchik, J.C.S. Lui, and R.R. Muntz Based on Based on PiggybackingPiggybacking This involved changing the display rates of user requests to batch thThis involved changing the display rates of user requests to batch th
e nearby streamse nearby streams
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Split and Merge (SAM)Split and Merge (SAM)
1. SAM starts by serving customers 1. SAM starts by serving customers in a batchin a batch2. When a user in a batch initiates a user 2. When a user in a batch initiates a user
interaction, the protocol interaction, the protocol splits offsplits off the the interactive user interactive user from the original batchfrom the original batch and and temporarily assigns that user to a new temporarily assigns that user to a new video streamvideo stream
3. With a dedicated video stream, the user 3. With a dedicated video stream, the user can can perform any interactions desiredperform any interactions desired
4. As soon as the user inter-action 4. As soon as the user inter-action terminates, the system terminates, the system mergesmerges this user this user back back to the nearest ongoing video streamto the nearest ongoing video stream
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Split and Merge (SAM)Split and Merge (SAM)
Service streams (S streams)Service streams (S streams) serve users serve users during normal playbackduring normal playback Typically a multicast stream, an S stream Typically a multicast stream, an S stream
serves multiple users simultaneouslyserves multiple users simultaneously Interaction streams (I streams)Interaction streams (I streams)
satisfy some user requests for satisfy some user requests for VCR-like VCR-like interactionsinteractions
one I stream for one userone I stream for one user
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Flowchart of SAM protocol’s operation
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Split and Merge (SAM)Split and Merge (SAM)
Split and Merge operationsSplit and Merge operations No StreamsNo Streams
S streams : Block a user requestS streams : Block a user request I streams : Normal Play until the I streams : Normal Play until the
resource becomes availableresource becomes available An adaptive protocolAn adaptive protocol Synchronization (synch) bufferSynchronization (synch) buffer
To create a virtual streamTo create a virtual stream
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two segment time delay
Real stream
Virtual stream
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VCR operationVCR operation
Jump-forward and jump-backwardJump-forward and jump-backward
Fast-forward and rewindFast-forward and rewind
Pause and resumePause and resume
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Jump-forward and jump-Jump-forward and jump-backwardbackward
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Fast-forward and rewindFast-forward and rewind
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Pause and resumePause and resume
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Pause and resumePause and resume
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Variations of the basic Variations of the basic schemescheme
No initial batching delayNo initial batching delay Adjustable batching intervalsAdjustable batching intervals A variation of the basic batching ideaA variation of the basic batching idea One synch buffer for multiple virtual One synch buffer for multiple virtual
streamsstreams A pricing mechanism for user A pricing mechanism for user
interactivityinteractivity
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Result 1Result 1
Blocking probability for thebatching and nonbatching cases
Average interaction delay as a function of arrival rates
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Result 2Result 2
Blocking probability as a function ofsynch buffer allowed.
Average interaction delay as a functionof synch buffer allowed
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Result 3Result 3
Blocking probability as a function ofnumber of I streams
Average interaction delay as afunction of the number of I streams
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ConclusionsConclusions
Our proposed protocol lets multiple Our proposed protocol lets multiple users share the same video stream, users share the same video stream, dramatically increasing the capacity dramatically increasing the capacity of the system and greatly reducing of the system and greatly reducing the costs per user. the costs per user.
At the same time, the price batching At the same time, the price batching delay, interaction delay, and so forthdelay, interaction delay, and so forth—remains tolerable.—remains tolerable.