The Skeletal System

Kiersten Adams Marianne FritzHeather Rawls

Christian Wilson

Group 1 Chapter 15 Lesson 2

Functions of the Skeletal System

Plays important role in movement, provides strong stable and mobile framework on which the muscles act upon

It supports and protects your organs

Functions of the Skeletal System

The bones are the principle storage center for the bodies essential minerals

Calcium Phosphorus

They also manufacture the bodies blood cells

Red bone marrow produces millions of blood cells each day

Structure of the SkeletonSkeletal System is divided

into two main part

Axial Skeleton:

Includes the 80 bones of the skull, spine ribs and sternum (breastbone). These bones are

mainly used for protection

Structure of the Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton:

Includes the 126 bones of the shoulders, arms,

hands, hips, legs and feet. These bones are mainly

used for movement

Types of Bones

Long Bone: A bone with a greater length than width, curved for strength to hold up the body

-Extremities

Short Bone: Bones that are as broad as they are long

-Hands and Feet

Types of BonesFlat Bone: Thin flat

shape that protects the organs

-Ribs and Skull

Irregular Bone: Uncategorical shape

-Vertebrae

Major Bones of the Skeleton

Skull

Vertebrae

Ribs

Humerus

Radius

Major Bones of the SkeletonUlna

Pelvis

Femur

Tibia

Fibula

Cartilage The skeletal

system is made up of not only bones but Cartilage, a strong, flexible connective tissue.

Cartilage Cartilage serves many functions :

Lines the surfaces of joints and enables them to move smoothly

Cushions joining vertebrae Supports the nose and ears Baby skeleton is mostly

cartilage

Cartilage Cartilage cells are replaced

with age by bone cells and minerals in a process call Ossification The process by which bone is formed, renewed and repaired

Joints

Ball-and Socket Joints: Allows the widest range of movement: backwards, forwards, sideways and circularShoulder and Hips

Pivot Joints: Bone protection allows rotation

The point at which two bones meet

First two vertebrae in the neck

Joints Ellipsoidal Joints: Oval shaped part

that fits into a curved space, allowing for all types of movement except pivotalWrist

Hinge Joints: Allows bending, straightening, and rotating Fingers

JointsLigament: Tough bands of

fibrous, slightly, elastic tissue that bind the bone ends at the joint, preventing excessive movement

Tendon: Fibrous cords that join muscle to bone other muscles

Care of the Skeleton System

Nutrition Calcium:

essential for building stone bones

-Dairy Products

Care of the Skeleton System

Phosphorous: combined with calcium gives bones there firmness

-Milk, peas, beans, liver, cottage cheese broccoli and whole grains

Care of the Skeleton System

Exercise Regular physical activity,

especially weight bearing exercise increases bone mass

Promotes better circulation of blood, increasing nourishment to your bones

• Hairline Fractures: Incomplete, the bone doesn’t break into two pieces

Problems of the Skeletal System

Problems of the Skeletal System

• Transverse Fractures: Complete break

Problems of the Skeletal System

• Comminuted Fractures: Shatters bone into more than two pieces

Problems of the Skeletal System

Problems of the Skeletal System

A condition in which bone density decreases, causing bones to become brittle and easily fractured

Women more vulnerable after menopause

Problems of the Skeletal System

Prevention: Getting ample physical exercise

Eating food rich in calcium

Problems of the Skeletal System

Lateral, or side-to-side, curvature of the spine

Starts in childhood, easily seen when growing stops

Most schools have scoliosis screening programs

Problems of the Skeletal System

Treatment:ExerciseSpecial braceSurgery