Chapter 12 Sec. 1The Rise of Industry pg 410-415

The United States IndustrializesAfter the War, industry rapidly expanded

Millions of Americans left farms to work in mines and factories

Factories replaced smaller workshops

Complex machinery replaced simpler hand tools

The United States IndustrializesBy the late 1800s the U.S. was the world’s

leading industrial nationBy 1914 the nations (GNP) gross national

product was 8 times greater than it had been in 1865 after the civil war.

Gross National product: The total value of all goods and services that

a country produces.

Natural ResourcesU.S. had a vast natural resources, timber,

coal, iron and copper.Companies obtained them cheaply and didn’t

need to import them.Resources located in the West, so the

settlement of this region helped accelerate industrialization.

As did the transcontinental railroad, which took miners and settlers the western regions and carried resources back to the Eastern factories

Natural ResourcesPeople began using a new resource,

petroleum

American oil industry was built on the demand for kerosene

In 1859, Edwin Drake drilled first oil well in PA

1900 oil fields from PA to Texas had been drilled and oil production rose and led to economic expansion

A Large WorkforceThe human resources available to American

Industry were as important as natural resources, enabling the nation to industrialize rapidly

Between 1860 & 1910 the population nearly tripled

The population growth provided industry with an abundant workforce

Also created a demand for consumer goods manufactured by factories

A Large WorkforcePopulation stemmed from two causes:Large families and Flood of immigrants 1870-1910 more than 17million Immigrants arrived in the U.S.These multitudes:1. Entered the workforce2. Helped factories increase production3. Became consumers of industrial products

New Inventions

In your books turn to page 412 to 414

The Worlds FairThe first era could be called the era of "industrialization"

and covered, roughly, the period from 1800 to 1938. In these days, world expositions were especially focused

on trade, and were famous for the display of technological inventions and advancements.

World expositions were the platforms where the state-of-the-art in science and technology from around the world was brought together.

The world expositions of 1851 London, 1853 New York, 1862 London, Philadelphia (1876), 1889 Paris, 1893 Chicago, 1900 Paris, 1901 Buffalo, 1904 St. Louis and 1915 San Francisco were landmarks in this respect. 

Inventions such as the telephone were first presented during this era. An important part of the image of world's fairs stems from this first era.

Class Activity: Create and Complete the chart Year Inventor Invention

descriptionDo we still use it now?What do you think?

1872 Elijah McCoy Automatic Lubricator for steam engine, allowing trains to fun faster with less maintenance

No, we use electric instead of steam

Free EnterpriseU.S. used a Laissez-faire, free enterprise approach which

helped industrialization grow rapidly

Laissez-faire: Let people do as they choose, Hands off approach when looking at government influence in business

Laissez-Faire: 1. Relies on supply and demand2. supports free market with competing companies3. Supports low taxes & limited govt. debt, ensue private

individuals, not govt. makes decisions on how nations wealth will be spent

Free EnterpriseEntrepreneurs: people who risk their capital

to organize and run businesses, were attracted by the prospect of making money in manufacturing and transportation

North and South had different views about the role of Govt. in economy

Northern leaders wanted high tariffs to protect from foreign markets

Southern’s wanted low tariffs to promote trade & imported goods low.

Free EnterpriseAfter the Civil war Republican controlled

congress passed the Morrill Tariff, which greatly increased tariff rate

When U.S. raised their tariffs on foreign goods other countries raised it’s tariffs on American goods, making it hard for American businesses to sell goods abroad

This practice did however help American industry to grow and develop and soon by the 1900s the government felt that it could compete in a world market and promoted lower tariffs and free trade

HomeworkWrite a letter three fourths of a page in

length. In this letter take on the role of an average person living in the city. In your letter explain to the other person what inventors and inventions you saw at the world's fair. Explain how these inventions will make your everyday life easier. Make sure you include at least four inventors. These inventors can be found on page 412-413 in your book. If you type this assignment it has to be half a page, twelve point font times new roman single spaced.