C H A P T E R 5 S E C T I O N 1

THE RISE OF INDUSTRY

THE UNITED STATES INDUSTRIALIZES

A. The Industrial Revolution1. Factory Workers

B. Mines and Factories1. Gross National Product

* Total value of all goods and services a country produces.

2. GNP from 1865 - 1914

NATURAL RESOURCES

A. American West• Types of resources• Self Sustainable

B. Transcontinental Railroad• Westward• Eastward

C. New Resources• Fuel• Edwin Drake• 25 Barrels per day to nearly 16,000 barrels

A LARGE WORKFORCE

A. Population of the United States – 1860 to 1910• Industry• Consumer Goods• Family Size

B. Immigration• Better Life• Escape Oppressive Governments• Escape Religious persecution• Number of immigrants from 1870 to 1910

NEW INVENTIONS

A. TransportationB. CommunicationC. Inventions/Industry = Wealth/Jobs• See timeline on page 184-185

BELL AND THE TELEPHONE

A. Alexander Graham Bell• Sound via an electrical current• Vary the intensity• 1877 – Bell Telephone Company• Became American Telephone and Telegraph Company

EDISON, WESTINGHOUSE, AND ELECTRICITY

A. Thomas Alva Edison• Improved telegraph• Menlo Park – Research Laboratory• Wizard of Menlo Park

• Patented an invention every month• Owned more than 1,000 patents by his death

• 1877 – Phonograph• 1879 – Electric generator and the light bulb• Battery, Dictaphone, Motion Pictures• 1889 – Edison General Electric (GE) supplied power to NY City

EDISON, WESTINGHOUSE, AND ELECTRICITY

B. George Westinghouse• Air-Brake System for railroads.• All cars’ brakes were applied at the same time• rapid and smooth braking.• Allowed railroads to travel safely at high speeds.

• Alternating Current (AC)• Distribute electricity using transformers and generators• 1894 – Westinghouse Electric Company lit Chicago’s

Columbia Exhibition.

• First to use Hydroelectric power at Niagara Falls.• Generated electricity for streetcars and lights in Buffalo, NY

which was 22 miles away.

TECHNOLOGY ‘S IMPACT

A. Thaddeus Lowe• Ice Machine

B. Gustavus Swift• In 1870 he hired an engineer to develop a refrigerated

railroad car.• “Swift” Meatpacking• Fresh Food• Reduced Food Poisoning

TECHNOLOGY ‘S IMPACT

C. Clothing Industry• Northrop automatic loom• Bobbins were changed automatically

• Standard sizes of clothes• Power driven sewing machines and cloth cutters drove

tailors out of business• Machines also changed how shoes were manufactured.

D. Cyrus Field• 1866 laid a telegraph cable across the Atlantic• Instant communication between Europe and the USA.

FREE ENTERPRISE

A. Laissez-faire• French phrase – “Let people do as they choose”• Belief that the government should not interfere in the

economy.• Except to protect private property rights and maintain peace.• Laissez-Faire relies on supply and demand to regulate wages

and prices.

• Free market with competition between companies.• Supported low taxes and limited government debt.