the parts of the brain and endocrine system and their functions
DESCRIPTION
The Parts of the Brain and Endocrine System and their Functions. Hemispheric Specialization. Right Hemisphere. Left Hemisphere. BRAINSTEM. the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull responsible for automatic survival functions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Parts of the Brain and Endocrine Systemand their Functions
Hemispheric Specialization
Right Hemisphere
Left Hemisphere
BRAINSTEM
the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull
responsible for automatic survival functions
Pons
• The pons is part of the rhombencephalon/the hindbrain. Pons forms together with medulla oblongata/ the medulla and mesencephalon/the midbrain the brain stem. The brain stem receives sensory information and conveys motor function from cranial nerves. It also serves as a conduit for information from ascending sensory and descending motor tracts. The pons participate in the regulation of eye movements. It gets blood supply from a.basilaris/the basilar artery.
BRAINSTEM
Medulla (medulla Oblongata)
Medulla [muh-DUL-uh] base of the brainstem controls heartbeat and
breathing
BRAINSTEM
Reticular formation
Reticular Formation a nerve
network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
BRAINSTEM
Spinal cordBRAINSTEM
Cerebellum
Cerebellum [sehr-uh-BELL-um] the “little brain”
attached to the rear of the brainstem
it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance
BRAINSTEM
LIMBIC SYSTEM
Limbic System a doughnut-shaped system
of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres
associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex
includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.
Thalamus
Thalamus [THAL-uh-muss] the brain’s sensory
switchboard, located on top of the brainstem
it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
LIMBIC SYSTEM
HippocampusLIMBIC SYSTEM
Amygdala
Amygdala [ah-MIG-dah-la] two almond-shaped
neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion
LIMBIC SYSTEM
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus neural structure lying
below (hypo) the thalamus; directs several maintenance activities
eating drinking body temperature
helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland
is linked to emotion
LIMBIC SYSTEM
OlfactoryLIMBIC SYSTEM
Basal GangliaLIMBIC SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Endocrine System the body’s “slow”
chemical communication system
a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland under the influence of the hypothalamus,
the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal [ah-DREEN-el] Glands a pair of endocrine glands just above the
kidneys secrete the hormones epinephrine
(adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Cerebral Cortex the intricate fabric of
interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres
the body’s ultimate control and information processing center
Frontal Lobe
Frontal Lobes involved in
speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Parietal Lobe
Parietal Lobes include the
sensory cortex
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Occipital Lobe
Occipital Lobes include the visual
areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Temporal Lobe
Temporal Lobes include the
auditory areas
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Motor Cortex
Motor Cortex area at the rear
of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Sensory Cortex
Sensory Cortex area at the front
of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Auditory CortexCEREBRAL CORTEX
Visual CortexCEREBRAL CORTEX
Broca’s Area
Broca’s Area an area of the left
frontal lobe that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Wernicke’s Area
Wernicke’s Area an area of the left temporal lobe involved in
language comprehension and expression
CEREBRAL CORTEX
Association AreasCEREBRAL CORTEX
Angular gyrusCEREBRAL CORTEX
Corpus Callosum
Corpus Callosum large band of
neural fibers connects the two
brain hemispheres carries messages
between the hemispheres
Ventricle
• The entire surface of central nervous system is bathed by a clear, colorless fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF is contained within a system of fluid-filled cavities called ventricles.
• The ventricles are shown in blue on the following midsagittal section of the brain.
• The dense fluid protects the brain and spinal cord from shock; a brain that weighs 1,500 g in air weighs only 50 g when suspended in CSF (Livingston, 1965).
