THE BRAINSTRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

To learn features and functions of CNS

To understand the brain structure and function and how it relates to animal behavior.

OBJECTIVES

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Streptococcus_pneumoniae_meningitis,_gross_pathology_33_lores.jpg

BRAIN LOBES

CORPUS CALLOSUM

Deep bridge of nerve fibers

Connects L and R brain

Intercommunication b/t hemispheres is not completely understood

Largest part of brainContains many folds and bumbs

Sulci vs. gyriCorpus callosum is found b/t the L

and R Responsible for reasoning,

intellectual fxn and critical thinking

CEREBRUM

Thin layer (2-5mm); largest and most anterior structure of brain

Contains 75% of neuron cell bodies in NS

Memory, attn, thought processes, language

CEREBRAL CORTEX

What is the benefit of all the bumps and grooves??

CEREBELLUM

Regulates balancebody positionPostureMuscle coordination

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Vital Reflex centerVisceral activities: blood pressure, respiratory

cardiac

Part of the brain stem

Injuries often fatal

PONS

b/t midbrain and medulla oblongata

Regulates rate and depth of breathing

Homeostatic mechanisms

NEURON:BASIC UNIT OF THE NERVOUS

SYSTEM

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR

Behavior: an action or series of

actions performed by an organism in response to a stimulus

Response: The organism response

to the stimulus –(action or agent that causes or changes activity of organism) Noise frightens Bacteria causes an

immune response

HOW DOES THE BODY RESPOND?

Sensory systems gather information about the environment

The info will trigger responses to the nervous system which a produces a response

CUCKOO BEHAVIOR

European cuckoos exhibit brood parasitism Female lays eggs in a nest

of another bird Once the eggs hatch, it

reacts to any other object in the nest by pushing it out…thus it receives all the parental care from the surrogate parents

Soon, it becomes larger than the parent that is trying to fee it.

INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOR( INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL)

Genes (Nature)

May increase the likelihood that an organism will display a behavior

Tongue rolling, nocturnal activity, aggressiveness

Environment (Nurture)

Helps to determine what traits are displayed

Natural selectionTraits are favored

that increase an individual’s reproductive success.

Over time, those beneficial traits become more and more common in the population

LionsMale lions will kill

all lion cubs after taking over a tribe.

Why?

EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR

Innate Learned behavior

ANIMAL BEHAVIORSBehavioral Cycles( responds to natural cyc les )

Social Behavior(Interactions with others thru)

Competition And

Aggression

Communication(Depends on senses)

SeasonalEx: Migration

DailyEx: Circadian rhythms

1. Courtship2. Building

homes3. Hunting4. Protection5. Fighting

rivals

Claim or protect territory

1. Visual signals

2. Chemical signals

3. Sound4. language

Foraging Behavior

CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR: SURVIVOR

Sight

CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR: COMMUNICATION

CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR: REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES

LABEL THE NEURON BELOWMYELIN, NUCLEUS, DENDRITE, AXON TERMINAL, SHWANN CELL , SOMA,

NODES OF RANVIER

1

5

43

26

7

1. Medulla oblongata located here.2. Regulates balance3. Cerebral cortex is located here4. Capacity for intellectual function resides here5. Breathing rate is regulated here6. Has folded layers with bumps and grooves7. Regulates posture8. Contains the corpus collosum9. Pons located here10. Leads to spinal cord

CEREBELLUM, CEREBRUM, OR BRAIN STEM