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The LHeC Project at CERN – An Overview*
Max Klein
For the LHeC Study Group
DIS11, Newport News, VA, 12.4.11 h2p://cern.ch/lhec
*All tenta;ve -‐ work in progress -‐ prior to CDR publica;on..
LHeC: e±p/A Ee=10…140 GeV Ep=1..7 TeV EA=Ep *Z/A L=1033cm-‐2s-‐1 while LHC runs
Choices and Status: Perspec;ve Physics Detector Ring-‐Ring Linac-‐Ring Project
The 10-‐100 GeV Energy Scale [1968-‐1986]
Quarks Neutral currents
Singlet eR AsymptoNc Freedom
Drell Yan Charm W,Z Jets
Charm 3 colours Gluon Jets
lh e+e-
pp
SU(2)L x U(1) QCD
(-‐-‐)
The Fermi Scale [1985-‐2010]
b quark top quark MW, H?
gluon h.o. strong
c,b distribuNons high parton densiNes
MZ , sin2 Θ 3 neutrinos
h.o. el.weak (t,H?)
ep e+e-
pp
The Standard Model Triumph
Tevatron
LEP/SLC
HERA CKM -‐ B factories
Colliders at the energy fronNer
LEP*LHC (1984, 1990) -‐ Lausanne, Aachen E.Keil LHC project report 93 (1997) Thera (2001) QCD explorer (2003) J.Dainton et al, 2006 JINST 1 10001
LHeC at DIS conferences since Madison 2005
Chris Quigg
2007 CERN SPC and [r]ECFA 2008 Divonne I, ICFA,ECFA 2009 Divonne II, NuPECC, ECFA 2010 Divonne III, NuPECC, ECFA
Steps towards the CDR on the LHeC Early studies
Series of 3 workshops, fall each year
History
The TeV Scale [2010-‐2035..]
W,Z,top Higgs??
New ParNcles?? New Symmetries?
High Precision QCD High Density Ma_er Substructure??
eq-‐Spectroscopy??
_bar Higgs??
Spectroscopy??
ep e+e-
pp
New Physics
LHC
ILC/CLIC
LHeC CKM -‐ superB
;tle
Rolf Heuer: 3/4. 12. 09 at CERN: From the Proton Synchroton to the Large Hadron Collider 50 Years of Nobel Memories in High-‐Energy Physics
LHeC Physics
1. Grand unificaNon? αs to per mille accuracy: jets vs inclusive ultraprecision DIS programme: NkLO, charm, beauty, ep/eD,..
2. Complete unfolding of partonic content of the proton, direct and in QCD and mapping of the gluon field
3. A new phase of hadronic ma_er: high densiNes, small αs
saturaNon of the gluon density? BFKL-‐Planck scale superhigh-‐energy neutrino physics (p-‐N)
4. Partons in nuclei (4 orders of magnitude extension) saturaNon in eA (A1/3?), nuclear parton distribuNons black body limit of F2, colour transparency, …
5. Search for novel QCD phenomena instantons, odderons, hidden colour, sea=anNquarks (strange)
6. Complementarity to new physics at the LHC LQ spectroscopy, eeqq CI, Higgs, e*
Gluon Distribu;on
From F2 and FL simula;on -‐ NNPDF
NLO QCD “Fits” of LHeC simulated data
LHeC Physics
1. Neutron structure free of Fermi moNon 2. DiffracNon – Shadowing (Glauber). AnNshadowing 3. Vector Mesons to probe strong interacNons 4. DiffracNve sca_ering “in extreme domains” (Brodsky) 5. Single top and anN-‐top ‘factory’ (CC) 6. GPDs via DVCS 7. Unintegrated parton distribuNons 8. Partonic structure of the photon 9. Electroweak Couplings to per cent accuracy ….
Every major step in energy can lead to new unexpected results
Requires: High energy, e±, p, d, A, high luminosity, 4π acceptance, high precision (e/h)
TeV scale physics, electroweak, top, Higgs, low x unitarity
For numeric studies and plots see recent talks at DIS10/11, ICHEP10, EIC and LHeC Workshops [ cern.ch/lhec] ..CDR
LHeC Detector
Present dimensions: LxD =13x9m2 [CMS 21 x 15m2 , ATLAS 45 x 25 m2] Taggers at -62m (e),100m (γ,LR), -22.4m (γ,RR), +100m (n), +420m (p) Tenta;ve 21.3.11
Tile Calorimeter
LAr electromagneNc calorimeter
Requirements
High Precision (resoluNon, calibraNon, low noise at low y tagging of b,c)
Modular for ‘fast’ installaNon
State of the art for ‘no’ R+D
1-‐179o acceptance for low Q2, high x
Affordable
Muon Detector
Tracker
forward backward
p e
Dipole (0.3T -‐ LR) Solenoid (3.5T)
TOBB ETU
KEK
LHeC Accelerator: Par;cipa;ng Ins;tutes
Energy-‐Power-‐Luminosity: Ring-‐Ring
€
L =Npγ
4πeε pn⋅
Ieβpxβpy
Np =1.7⋅ 1011,ε p = 3.8µm,βpx(y ) =1.8(0.5)m,γ =Ep
Mp
L = 8.2⋅ 1032cm−2s−1⋅Np10
−11
1.7⋅
mβpxβpy
⋅Ie
50mA
Ie = 0.35mA⋅ P[MW ]⋅ (100 /Ee[GeV ])4
-‐ Power Limit of 100 MW wall plug -‐ “ulNmate” LHC proton beam -‐ 60 GeV e± beam
L = 2 1033 cm-‐2s-‐1 O(100) x-‐1
HERA 1..5 1031 1 x-‐1 (H1+ZEUS)
Proton tune shiy from ep interacNon much smaller than from pp: Design for simultaneous pp and ep operaNon
Accelerator: Ring -‐ Ring
Baseline Parameters and InstallaNon Scenarios Lazce Design [OpNcs, Magnets, Bypasses] IR for high Luminosity and large Acceptance rf Design [InstallaNon in bypasses, Crabs?] Injector Complex [Sources, Injector] InjecNon and Dump Cryogenics – work in progress Beam-‐beam effects Impedance and CollecNve Effects Vacuum and Beam Pipe IntegraNon into LHC e Beam PolarizaNon Deuteron and Ion Beams
Workpackages for CDR [2008 – now available]
5.3m long (35 cm)2 slim + light(er) 3080 magnets BINP-‐CERN
LHeC Ring Dipole Magnet
.12-‐.8T 1.3kA 0.8MW
Bypassing ATLAS
For the CDR the bypass concepts were decided to be confined to ATLAS and CMS which is no statement about LHCB or ALICE
Study of how to pass through (or by) ATLAS
August 10 tentaNve
Energy-‐Power-‐Luminosity: Linac-‐Ring
€
L =14π
⋅Np
ε p⋅1β*⋅ γ ⋅
Iee
Np =1.7⋅ 1011,ε p = 3.8µm,β* = 0.2m,γ = 7000 /0.94
L = 8⋅ 1031cm−2s−1⋅Np10
−11
1.7⋅0.2β* /m
⋅Ie /mA1
Ie = mA P /MWEe /GeV
Pulsed, 60 GeV: ~1032cm-‐2s-‐1 High luminosity: Energy recovery: P=P0/(1-‐η) β*=0.1m [5 Nmes smaller than LHC by reduced l*, only one p squeezed and IR quads as for HL-‐LHC]
L = 1033 cm-‐2s-‐1 O(100) x-‐1
Descrip;on of LINAC power consump;on from dral of CDR
60 GeV e “LINAC”
CERN 1 CERN 2
Jlab BNL
Two 10 GeV energy recovery Linacs, 3 returns, 720 MHz cavi;es
Work in progress, 11.4.11 -‐ avoid external territory -‐ cannot use TI2 Design made for IP2
IP2
TI2
Accelerator: LINAC -‐ Ring
Baseline Parameters [Designs, Real photon opNon, ERL] Sources [Positrons, PolarisaNon] – work in progress Rf Design InjecNon and Dump Beam-‐beam effects Lazce/OpNcs and Impedance Vacuum and Beam Pipe IntegraNon and Layout InteracNon Region Magnets Cryogenics – work in progress
Workpackages for CDR [2008 – now available]
1056 caviNes 66 cryo modules per linac 721 MHz, 19 MV/m CW Similar to SPL, ESS, XFEL, ILC, eRHIC, Jlab 21 MW rf Cryo 29 MW for 37W/m heat load Magnets in the 2 * 3 arcs: 600 -‐ 4m long dipoles per arc 240 -‐ 1.2m long quadrupoles per arc
Design Parameters
electron beam RR LR LR e-‐ energy at IP[GeV] 60 60 140 luminosity [1032 cm-‐2s-‐1] 17 10 0.44 polariza;on [%] 40 90 90 bunch popula;on [109] 26 2.0 1.6 e-‐ bunch length [mm] 10 0.3 0.3 bunch interval [ns] 25 50 50 transv. emit. γεx,y [mm] 0.58, 0.29 0.05 0.1 rms IP beam size σx,y [µm] 30, 16 7 7 e-‐ IP beta funct. β*x,y [m] 0.18, 0.10 0.12 0.14 full crossing angle [mrad] 0.93 0 0 geometric reduc;on Hhg 0.77 0.91 0.94 repe;;on rate [Hz] N/A N/A 10 beam pulse length [ms] N/A N/A 5 ER efficiency N/A 94% N/A average current [mA] 131 6.6 5.4 tot. wall plug power[MW] 100 100 100
proton beam RR LR bunch pop. [1011] 1.7 1.7 tr.emit.γεx,y [µm] 3.75 3.75 spot size σx,y [µm] 30, 16 7 β*x,y [m] 1.8,0.5 0.1
bunch spacing [ns] 25 25
RR= Ring – Ring LR =Linac –Ring
Parameters from 8.7.2010 New: Ring: use 1o as baseline : L/2 Linac: clearing gap: L*2/3
“ulNmate p beam” 1.7 probably conservaNve
Design also for D and A (LeN = 1031 cm-‐2s-‐1)
High Ee Linac op;on (ERL?) if physics demands, HE-‐LHC?
LHeC DRAFT Timeline
Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Prototyping-‐ tesNng
ProducNon main components
Civil engineering
InstallaNon
OperaNon
VariaNons on Nmeline: producNon of main components can overlap with civil engineering InstallaNon can overlap with civil engineering AddiNonal constraints from LHC operaNon not considered here in any variaNon, a start by 2020 requires launch of prototyping of key components by 2012
Based on LHC constraints, ep/A programme, series producNon, civil engineering etc
[shown to ECFA 11/2010: mandate to 2012]
2010
2015
2020
2025
FAIR
PANDA
R&D Construc;on Commissioning Exploita;on
CBM
R&D Construc;on Commissioning Exploita;on SIS300
NuSTAR
R&D Construc;on Commissioning Exploit. NESR FLAIR
PAX/EN
C
Design Study R&D Tests ConstrucNon/Commissioning Collider
SPIRAL2
R&D Constr./Commission. Exploita;on 150 MeV/u Post-‐accelerator
HIE-‐IS
OLD
E
Constr./Commission. Exploita;on Injector Upgrade
SPES
Constr./Commission. Exploita;on
EURISO
L
Design Study R&D Preparatory Phase / Site Decision Engineering Study ConstrucNon
LHeC
Design Study R&D Engineering Study ConstrucNon/Commissioning
NuPECC – Roadmap 2010: New Large-‐Scale Facili;es
G. Rosner, NuPECC Chair, Madrid 5/10
Accelerator Design [RR and LR]
Oliver Bruening (CERN),
John Dainton (CI/Liverpool)
Interac;on Region and Fwd/Bwd
Bernhard Holzer (DESY),
Uwe Schneeekloth (DESY),
Pierre van Mechelen (Antwerpen)
Detector Design
Peter Kostka (DESY),
Rainer Wallny (U Zurich),
Alessandro Polini (Bologna)
New Physics at Large Scales
George Azuelos (Montreal)
Emmanuelle Perez (CERN),
Georg Weiglein (Durham)
Precision QCD and Electroweak
Olaf Behnke (DESY),
Paolo Gambino (Torino),
Thomas Gehrmann (Zuerich)
Claire Gwenlan (Oxford)
Physics at High Parton Densi;es
Nestor Armesto (SanNago),
Brian Cole (Columbia),
Paul Newman (Birmingham),
Anna Stasto (MSU)
Oliver Bruening (CERN) John Dainton (Cockcroy) Albert DeRoeck (CERN) Stefano Forte (Milano) Max Klein -‐ chair (Liverpool) Paul Laycock (secretary) (L’pool) Paul Newman (Birmingham) Emmanuelle Perez (CERN) Wesley Smith (Wisconsin) Bernd Surrow (MIT) Katsuo Tokushuku (KEK) Urs Wiedemann (CERN)) Frank Zimmermann (CERN)
Guido Altarelli (Rome) Sergio Bertolucci (CERN) Stan Brodsky (SLAC) Allen Caldwell -‐chair (MPI Munich) Swapan Cha_opadhyay (Cockcroy) John Dainton (Liverpool) John Ellis (CERN) Jos Engelen (CERN) Joel Feltesse (Saclay) Lev Lipatov (St.Petersburg) Roland Garoby (CERN) Roland Horisberger (PSI) Young-‐Kee Kim (Fermilab) Aharon Levy (Tel Aviv) Karlheinz Meier (Heidelberg) Richard Milner (Bates) Joachim Mnich (DESY) Steven Myers, (CERN) Tatsuya Nakada (Lausanne, ECFA) Guenther Rosner (Glasgow, NuPECC) Alexander Skrinsky (Novosibirsk) Anthony Thomas (Jlab) Steven Vigdor (BNL) Frank Wilczek (MIT) Ferdinand Willeke (BNL)
Scien;fic Advisory Commi2ee
Steering Commi2ee
Working Group Convenors
Organiza;on for the CDR
Referees invited by CERN
Next Steps of the LHeC Project
2011 1. Complete CDR Dray 2. Workshop on positron intensity (20.5.11 at CERN) 3. Referee Process (5-‐9/11) 4. Update and Print and Hand in to ECFA/NuPECC/CERN 5. Workshop on Linac vs Ring (Fall 2011) [main features, R+D design]
2011/12 1. ParNcipaNon in European Strategy Process (EPS Grenoble … 2012 conclusion) 2. Update physics programme when LHC Higgs/SUSY results consolidate (DIS12)
3. Form an internaNonal accelerator development group based at CERN 4. Build an LHeC CollaboraNon for preparaNon of LoI on the Detector
Predic;ng is difficult, in par;cular when it concerns the future (V. Weisskopf) but there is a project and a plan and so there shall be a future for DIS at the energy fron;er
Miriam Fi_erer (CERN) Ring-‐Ring Alex Bogacz (Jlab) Linac-‐Ring Peter Kostka (DESY) Detector
Anna Stasto (PennState) Inclusive Low x Physics Paul Newman (Birmingham) Exclusive Low x Physics Brian Cole (Columbia) Heavy Ion Physics Voica Radescu (Heidelberg) Partons and αs Olaf Behnke (DESY) Jets and Heavy Quarks Uta Klein (Liverpool) BSM with the LHeC
Summary
h2p://cern.ch/lhec
The LHeC is the only way for the foreseeable future to realize DIS at the TeV energy scale, leading to new insight and con;nuing the path from 1911 to now. It will substan;ally enrich and extend the physics provided by the LHC, and it represents a new opportunity for challenging accelerator and detector developments
Talks on Tuesday and Thursday
A View on the LHeC TSS’
Dral CDR Authorlist 11.4.11 C. Adolphsen (SLAC) H. Aksakal (CERN) P. Allport (Liverpool) J.L. Albacete (IPhT Saclay) R. Appleby (Cockcroy) N. Armesto (St. de Compostela) G. Azuelos (Montreal) M. Bai (BNL) D. Barber (DESY) J. Bartels (Hamburg) J. Behr (DESY) O. Behnke (DESY) S. Belyaev (CERN) I. Ben Zvi (BNL) N. Bernard (UCLA) S. Bertolucci (CERN) S. Be_oni (CERN) J. Bluemlein (DESY) S. Brodsky (SLAC) A. Bogacz (Jlab) C. Bracco (CERN) O. Bruening (CERN) A. BunyaNan (DESY) H. Burkhardt (CERN) R. Calaga (BNL) E. Ciapala (CERN) R. Ciyci (Ankara) A.K.Ciyci (Ankara) B.A. Cole (Columbia) J.C. Collins (Penn State) J. Dainton (Liverpool) A. De Roeck (CERN) D. d'Enterria (CERN) A. Dudarev (CERN) A. Eide (NTNU)
E. Eroglu (Uludag) K.J. Eskola (Jyvaskyla) L. Favart (IIHE Brussels) M. Fi_erer (CERN) S. Forte (Milano) P. Gambino (Torino) T. Gehrmann (Zurich) C. Glasman (Madrid) R. Godbole (Tata) B. Goddard (CERN) T. Greenshaw (Liverpool) A. GuffanN (Freiburg) C. Gwenlan (Oxford) T. Han (Harvard) Y. Hao (BNL) F. Haug (CERN) W. Herr (CERN) B. Holzer (CERN) M. Ishitsuka (Tokyo I.Tech.) B. Jeanneret (CERN) J.M. Jimenez (CERN) H. Jung (DESY) J. Jowe_ (CERN) D. Kayran (BNL) F. Kosac (Uludag) A. Kilic (Uludag} K. Kimura (Tokyo I.Tech.) M. Klein (Liverpool) U. Klein (Liverpool) T. Kluge (Hamburg) G. Kramer (Hamburg) M. Korostelev (Cockcroy) A. Kosmicki (CERN) P. Kostka (DESY)
H. Kowalski (DESY) M. Kuze (Tokyo I.Tech.) T. Lappi (Jyvaskyla) P. Laycock (Liverpool) E. Levichev (BINP) S. Levonian (DESY) V.N. Litvinenko (BNL) C. Marquet (CERN) B. Mellado (Harvard) K-‐H. Mess (CERN) I.I. Morozov (BINP) Y. Mu_oni (CERN) S. Myers (CERN) P.R. Newman (Birmingham) T. Omori (KEK) J. Osborne (CERN) E. Paoloni (Pisa) H. Paukkunen (St. de Compostela) E. Perez (CERN) T. Pieloni (EPFL) E. Pilic (Uludag) A. Polini (Bologna) V. PNtsyn (BNL) Y. Pupkov (BINP) V. Radescu (Heidelberg U) S. Raychaudhuri (Tata) L. Rinolfi (CERN) J. Rojo (Milano) S. Russenschuck (CERN) C. A. Salgado (St. de Compostela) K. Sampai (Tokyo I. Tech) E. Sauvan (Lyon) U. Schneekloth (DESY) T. Schoerner Sadenius (DESY) D. Schulte (CERN)
N. Soumitra (Torino) H. Spiesberger (Mainz) A.M. Stasto (Penn State) M. Strikman (Penn State) M. Sullivan (SLAC) B. Surrow (MIT) S. Sultansoy (Ankara) Y.P. Sun (SLAC) W. Smith (Madison) I. Tapan (Uludag) H. Ten Kate (CERN) J. Terron (Madrid) H. Thiesen (CERN) L. Thompson (Cockcroy) K. Tokushuku (KEK) R. Tomas Garcia (CERN) D. Tommasini (CERN) D. Trbojevic (BNL) N. Tsoupas (BNL) J. Tuckmantel (CERN) K. Tywoniuk (Lund) G. Unel (CERN) J. Urukawa (KEK) P. Van Mechelen (Antwerpen) R. Veness (CERN) A. Vivoli (CERN) P. Vobly (BINP) R. Wallny (ETHZ) G. Wa_ (CERN) G. Weiglein (Hamburg) C. Weiss (JLab) U.A. Wiedemann (CERN) U. Wienands (SLAC) F. Willeke (BNL) V. Yakimenko (BNL) A.F. Zarnecki (Warsaw) F. Zimmermann (CERN)
No one full ;me – THANK YOU
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Deep Inelastic e/μ p Scattering
Deep InelasNc Sca_ering -‐ History and Prospects
History of Deep Inelas;c Sca2ering
Stanford
Stanford
Low x: DGLAP seems to hold though ln1/x is large Gluon SaturaNon not proven
High x: would have required much higher luminosity [u/d ?, xg ?]
Strange quark density ?
Neutron structure not explored
Nuclear structure not explored
New concepts introduced, invesNgaNon just started: -‐parton amplitudes (GPD’s, proton hologram) -‐diffracNve partons -‐unintegrated partons
Partonic structure of the photon
Instantons not observed
Odderons not found …
Fermions sNll pointlike Lepton-‐quark states (as in RPV SUSY) not observed
HERA – an unfinished programme
Luminosity 1033cm-‐2s-‐1 rather ‘easy’ to achieve Electrons and Positrons Energy limited by synchrotron radiaNon PolarisaNon ~30% Magnets, Cryosystem: no major R+D, just D 10 GeV Injector possibly using ILC type caviNes Interference with the proton machine Bypasses for LHC experiments (~3km tunnel)
Ring-‐Ring Op;on
Luminosity 1033cm-‐2s-‐1 possible to achieve for e-‐ with ERL Positrons require E recovery AND recycling, L+ < L-‐ Energy limited by synchrotron radiaNon in racetrack mode PolarisaNon ‘easy’ for e-‐ ~90%, rather difficult for e+ 721 MHz CaviNes: Synergy with SPL, ESS, XFEL, ILC, eRHIC Cryo: fracNon of LHC cryo system Smaller interference with the proton machine Bypass of own IP Extended dipole at ~1m radius in detector Shays on CERN territory (~9km tunnel below St Genis for IP2)
LINAC-‐Ring Op;on
Bypassing CMS
e-‐Pb Collisions (RR)