THE LAND AND THE LAND AND EARLY PEOPLEEARLY PEOPLE

CHP 3CHP 3

Bering Land BridgeBering Land Bridge

Bering Strait – A land bridge once Bering Strait – A land bridge once connected Asia and the America’sconnected Asia and the America’s

Many people and animals crossed Many people and animals crossed that land bridgethat land bridge

Time lineTime line

Draw time line p.73Draw time line p.73 10,000BC ---- 1492 AD10,000BC ---- 1492 AD

TermsTerms

Archaeologist – A scientist that Archaeologist – A scientist that digs into the earth to find artifacts digs into the earth to find artifacts about ancient civilizationsabout ancient civilizations

Artifacts – any type of traces or Artifacts – any type of traces or remains of once living things remains of once living things ex. Pottery, fossils, weapons ex. Pottery, fossils, weapons

Anthropologists – A scientist that studies Anthropologists – A scientist that studies artifacts, cave drawings, etc. to learn artifacts, cave drawings, etc. to learn more about the culture of peoplemore about the culture of people

Shale – Sedimentary rock( fossils are Shale – Sedimentary rock( fossils are commonly found in this)commonly found in this)

Culture – describes the beliefs, Culture – describes the beliefs, traditions, music, art, of people that share traditions, music, art, of people that share those common experiencesthose common experiences

Paleo IndiansPaleo Indians Paleo (Greek term meaning very old)Paleo (Greek term meaning very old) Stone Age - their tools and weapons were Stone Age - their tools and weapons were

made of stonemade of stone Atlatl – allowed the hunter to launch their Atlatl – allowed the hunter to launch their

weapons without getting so closeweapons without getting so close Nomadic – roamed the land, lived in groups of Nomadic – roamed the land, lived in groups of

25-5025-50 Found along the Savannah River area, Found along the Savannah River area,

Ocmulgee River area and Flint River at Ocmulgee River area and Flint River at AlbanyAlbany

Paleo NativePaleo Native

Mastodon

Mammoth

Archaic IndiansArchaic Indians

Divided into 3 periodsDivided into 3 periods Early ArchaicEarly Archaic Middle ArchaicMiddle Archaic Late ArchaicLate Archaic

Early ArchaicEarly Archaic

Hunted large animals until they Hunted large animals until they became extinctbecame extinct

Began hunting smaller animals (deer, Began hunting smaller animals (deer, bear, rabbit) – Hunters made their bear, rabbit) – Hunters made their spears and points smallerspears and points smaller

Invented items such as choppers, Invented items such as choppers, drills, and chipping toolsdrills, and chipping tools

Moved with the seasons to find food Moved with the seasons to find food

Middle ArchaicMiddle Archaic

5,000BC – the area’s weather 5,000BC – the area’s weather became warm and dry, water became warm and dry, water levels decreasedlevels decreased

Indians did not move as much, Indians did not move as much, caught and ate mussels and clamscaught and ate mussels and clams

Late ArchaicLate Archaic 4,000 – 1,000BC4,000 – 1,000BC Common artifact – grooved axeCommon artifact – grooved axe Saved seeds to plant for the next Saved seeds to plant for the next

growing seasongrowing season Water levels increased producing Water levels increased producing

larger amounts of shellfishlarger amounts of shellfish Used pottery for cooking, storing, Used pottery for cooking, storing,

and serving foodand serving food

Woodland IndiansWoodland Indians 1,000BC – 1,000AD1,000BC – 1,000AD Formed tribes, built houses forming Formed tribes, built houses forming

villages (weaving sticks together to villages (weaving sticks together to make walls)make walls)

Bow and arrow huntingBow and arrow hunting Used clay to make pottery last longerUsed clay to make pottery last longer Introduced religious ceremonies Introduced religious ceremonies

building cone-shaped burial moundsbuilding cone-shaped burial mounds

Woodland NativesWoodland Natives

Mississippian IndiansMississippian Indians 700 AD Highest prehistoric group700 AD Highest prehistoric group Temple Mound Period – lived in villages, Temple Mound Period – lived in villages,

farmed, very religiousfarmed, very religious Food included maize (corn), beans, Food included maize (corn), beans,

pumpkins, and squashpumpkins, and squash Wore beads, painted or tattooed their Wore beads, painted or tattooed their

bodies, fences protected their villagesbodies, fences protected their villages About 1600AD disappearedAbout 1600AD disappeared

Mississippian NativesMississippian Natives

Etowah Indian Mounds

Archaeological FindsArchaeological Finds

Georgia has 3 separate moundsGeorgia has 3 separate mounds Etowah Mounds – pyramid shaped Etowah Mounds – pyramid shaped

burial, jewelry, headdressburial, jewelry, headdress Kolomoki Mounds – 300 acre burial Kolomoki Mounds – 300 acre burial

areaarea Ocmulgee Mound – ceremonial Ocmulgee Mound – ceremonial

lodgelodge

Mounds in GeorgiaMounds in Georgia

Ocmulgee MoundOcmulgee Mound

Kolomoki MoundsKolomoki Mounds