the earliest americans. the land and the people the physical setting –mountains – rocky, andes...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Earliest AmericansThe Earliest Americans
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The Land and the People
The physical setting– Mountains – Rocky, Andes– Rivers – Mississippi, Amazon– Bering Strait - Land bridge between the Americas
and AsiaFirst arrivals– From Asia as early as 10,500 B.C.
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The Development of American Agriculture
Hunters became farmers after large prehistoric animals became extinct– Mammoths
Earliest known farming started in Mexico– Never invented the plow– Led to development of civilizations
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Cultures of North AmericaCultures of North America
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Western North America
The Northwest– Fishing– Weaving– Carving – totem poles
The Southwest– Hohokam people– Irrigation
• Beans, corn, and cotton – Adobe
• Dried sand bricks
The Great Plains– Used buffalo for food and clothing and teepees
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The Eastern Woodlands
Hopewell were skilled artists– Built burial mounds
Mississippians were successful farmers and traders
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Mesoamerica and Andean South Mesoamerica and Andean South AmericaAmerica
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Early Civilizations
The Olmec (1200 – 400 B.C.)– Southern Mexico– First known major civilization– Few elite, many farmers– Art- Giant carved heads, jade masks– “Rubber people”
Chavin (400 – 200 B.C.)-Andes Mountains- Peru-Few elite, had divine connection
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The Maya (200 B.C. – 900 A.D.)– Developed writing system and calendar
• Pictograph and hieroglyphics – Studied astronomy– Built pyramids
• Chichen Itza
The Toltec– Pyramids– Metalworking
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The Aztec – 1200- 1521 A.D.– Settled on Lake Texcoco– Built their capital Tenochtitlan– Warriors who borrowed from cultures they conquered– Farmed using chinampas – mud from bottom of lakes– Defeated by Spaniards (Hernan Cortes) allied with other natives in
1521 AD
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The Inca – 1400-1533 A.D.– Lived in the Andes mountains- Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Columbia– Called the “children of the sun”– Spoke Quechua– Had extensive road and trade network– Brought conquered people into one imperial culture– Conquered by Spaniards and various epidemics
– Smallpox, typhus, measles, influenza
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