138TIlF. IIUNTEn AND )[,\NNING mnm5. 189

that is, olle person for cver)' 6~ square miles. The '\I'holeamount of the live stock, both in the counties and squat­ting districts, i.:s ns follows, viz. : -

• l\hilland, ;1 ,,,,,Sl W obs\>....·cd, ;s 0111) III1C of Ill... polic... d;~tr;"'l>

"ilhill lhc ~c'Cll couulic' e'\"llIlC""IC,1 ,,\.love.

There is mucll alhn-ial land, of the first quality forcuhil'ation, on Hunter's Hi,'er, and its two principal tri­butaries; ,md there is llluch v;\lunllle pasture land in allthe !el'en counti~, together with much abo of an inferior

ch'll'actcr.The ag:ricultural capabilities of much of the available

land in t;lis district generally arc of the first order, t1S itnot onl)' produces fair crops of all tile European gra.ins,fruits, and roots, but is admirably adapted for the Culll\'a­lioll of the vine, and of tobacco and cotton. The di~trict

of Hunter's HiveI' is also the great coal-field of thecolony, alld the Irade in coal is alreadr .conside~bI~an~rapidly increasing. The Jll'incipal 1011'11 in the dl~trl~t IS

)Iaitland, situated nearly at the head of the navlgal.lOn,with a I>oplllation of 4230: the tOWn and port of. :Se~'­castle, at which the l'h'el' diselllboglles into the P3cdie, 1Il

Inlitllde 32" 55' hal'ing a population of I:HO. There areother smaller towns in the district, which will be men·

tioned ill the se{lue\.The following is a Heturn of th~ agric..ultural prod~ce.

Ilithill the Police district of i\laltland , for Ihe ~enr

cuding 31st March, 185'2:-, .• ,. '91 or tbne 7,122 1I(,~

Tot:>1 neTtS ul,.Jer cu '1\':>11011, ' • d ". od' 110051 bush~l. lIn b

were under WhClIl, f",' gra'lI, 1'1' uc>Ug , d '. loJr. III tons' 4997 acres un er IUa,~e,

1I(,~ for h:l~~!~u:~;gbusbcIS. ~lId' 27 for gTftR food for "'1ul.. ;gr:llO, IIt"OdU"',o """"')' for , ..alu, proolleing 16,929 bUiilll"ls, 69~799 ,IN">:I nn er '" ~,

Cll:\PTEll V.

,. llitissinll1' ~n'is;Ql1in'lue gft'E''5 illi b.1!nnt'l1n, 'Iu,na rroib?n~.ArlU<'DI~. ~t lerr:l11l cell.UlU ,crl<'~l :lnllrli. ..

\ lit(:• •EII, "11. 53').

•. Fin' Ilf'nb.Ii~,' I>lr<ltilll! lloc\;~. his \>:lstures 6lrtl,His land. 11 I",udft'd ~ "lie of OX~n 1111"<1," DII1·D':~.

TlI[ lcrritorr of New Soulh \rales ('XlClllls for n greatJistance (ron; Sydney. as a centre 1'0illl, to the Ilorthwnnl,southward, and \\('slwanl: 1 propose, thcn'fort', 10 Jlrc­sent tile r~ad('l' suc('cssi,'c!Y with a gCllcral descriptionof each of these tllI"CC great tlil'isions of the colony.beginning with the Hunter auu i\lanning RivCI'S to thenonhward.

1I11111cr's Hi,"",. ris('s in tile great dh'iding range of theco'on~" and "':lIeu a lnl'ge extent of "alnahle agriculturaland pastoral country ill its course to the Pacific. InIhe upper part of its eOllr»c, it reeci\'e~ many tributarystreams, each of which I.a$ its separate I"lllc}', with itsagricultural and pastoral rlOpulalioll; and lower dowll.whcre it is nal·igable br steamboats, it is joined by tll'Oolher na"igable l'il'cn from tllc nOl'tbll'anl, the Patlcrsollaud thc Willialll. The countics of NOl'thulllbcrlandHunter, Phillijl, and Bligh arc "ituated on Ille south side'or right bank of the rh'er; and those of Glouctster:Durham, and Bl'bhallC 011 thc north, or Idt bank. Tllcare~ of these ,;even counties is 1.5,590 s{luare mil(>s; andtheir pOllu!ation, on tI,e 1st of ?llarch 1851 \las SO ",_0\,. ' , ,;:>0.~ It I. ~11~e C~lIlltic,,> IIOII'cI'er, arc connected tlu:; s(luat.

hug dl~tnClS lllllllcUiately herond tl,em of Bli,dl Lil'cr-, 1'1' N . 'c , .

poo alllS, I;W I'.nglull11, and Gw)'dir, comprising <Inal~a of 5~,0913 Seplarc miles, with a populatiun of 8,610,

,t!

•

,

IIorSl.'llUQt"IIl'd Cl\ltlePigs -Sheep

3t.,:lG74~ll,2!l9

16.465

2,210,&99

TI.e 1011'11 of Ne\'c 11 ' " 1 .

110 I tl ,I. as I.' IS IlllC ). ~Ituated for ... 81'ippill"

r, le ground rNIl<' "I'fit! '11, "from the l'a1'lJ .. ' "" U'l) to n IIlodcratc elevation'd "'1 . OUl, hUI till.' countlT ill'oul,,1 it, 101' n ('Oll-

1.1 erau e dlstancel i~ "Cll 'l1 '1" cIa y ~t.eI'1 e [!Uti Ullillh:rcstirwo

TI'l! I'rillcip.,1 ('sporl< from the tlistriCI of Ilulltl.'r';;

Rh'er :Ire wool, tallolt', lllltl COJI; lHll, ind"]I.'ntl"IlII,r of

thC:!!e great stapl" artiel"" of culonial product'. there L. allel>lcn.h·e coa<ling-llT\.h:: to and frOI11 tilt' (\i-Irict, a" L1lcfollowing ab"tnlcl of tile c~poru for a ",ingle ,\('(:k will~bo\\".

Abstract. COlllllilcd frolll Ihe "Shipping Gazette." ofthe ]lrincip.:lI IlrotJuC'e «('"elusive of wvol :"Iwl lallow),recei"ed coaslwi....', in S~(\Il(J. frolil lIulller's Ili'cr.during the weel.: en(\ingJalluary 16. IS5~;-

190 IIlRTom' 0[' NEW ,~OIl1'n \\',Il.l-:S.

for ~n food fllr colllr, mul iI f<)r lIoy, prod"cing 1119 tons; l~

ocr." "nder ,).>1$, for grain, prod"ciu!; :!~O hushl'!~, 90 for t::'reeufood. a,,,1 a67!- (or h:l)'. pr.-..:I"ring Gl(l lOll!: ::!~~ "cr('>l "ndn r~r.

rroducing 41:1 btlshrls; 8j acres lludn minel, l'1"Q<I"e,ng IOibnshds; :!:!:! acr\'~ ",,,l,'r 10(113100'5, l,rod"e;llg 698 lOll" ; 30~ aerrsnnder loh3CCO, I'rotlne;ng :1'3 C,,"I,; "nd 9S~ :In...• undn so"'"

gt':IS-«.'$,l'rod"rinl: 3,:!OI Ions h:lr. Th..... UlUrnS ~ho... 311 '''"rag..l'Tooace, ]ll'r lie..... of !~~ b",h.. ls ,,'11";11, :!9 bushcl< llloitc-, :!Ihuslorls !>;lr!.',·, 19 husbds 0,11$, 19~ bu<ht'1~ r~", I:!! bushds millel,:} 10DS 3 C...I.· polalDl'll. 9~ c... t, lOJb.','Cll. and at lOOS h:l~' IQ Ih" :len'orso...nl!~-M"'II".,I.lh" ..r".1\Ia} S, IllS::!.

Grain _ bush.Wbnl-bu.b.

:' ba£1lllnu: - bu~h.

" b.:Jg.Barley_ bu~",

•• bel!:.Flour -tons)bize 111eal_ bagsllrall -bagl 'Ha)' -IonlPotatOl'$ -Ions

., b:I,,!Ollimli_~1:1 _M~urd ked_ busb.

. '00- ~:?7S,·3UU

2;8iG3

""..",IS!

~2i'

",

~obX'OO_k..gs(· ..~I>t'Ii_<.':I.....Ilol")t.'S{'al.',""I'igll.a",hslI,tI<"$' • •8hN!llSkillfi_l,ale~ _

"until"'"('andlt.'S_oo:,,1.'SCI,,·(:&<,< •

CD'es _.. l~klg<:s

Co~I"-10JlS _

"•~:!,"I·

:?S8

"610

'":J:W,,tt'4

...

Till> IlUS'TLR MO) M.\:O;:-J .... G nrn:ns. 19/

-~:lIldl,ills m'tl ~\\amr~-II,c principal prolluction of theloclllily I'eing obtaille,1 I"r{Jlll Illltlrrgrollntl. There is (l.1'.'lIHlrbhl... i<laud, ~omc\\ltrlt lil.:e lhe Cr<Jig of Ailsa on a

"",:oIlt'r ~enl ..., calk,1 No],vy'~ I.l,,"d, at tire rlllmncc ofth~ p.orl, 1)('1\"'('11 II,at i<laud an(\ tile main lan.l, thereIl'a~ lonllclly a lla"~3W' I'Hr ~mall ve$>f'!o; IJut a mole orI,re:lklltlh:r !.as Il{'(n C'Jn<lructctl I,,' convict labour\;Ctl\("11 till' i-Jantl :lllll lh ... main. to'l,rc:lk lhe force 0;'tht, !urf::r,<l)f till' 1'3cilic in ,null,f r1y g:llcs, alld 10 eOllfine

Ihe ('llrr,'llt of the rin, 10 tllf' 1'1"illcil':l1 chanllel. In'Juarryin!;; II"nn Ihe "lUllIl,it or Xubl,{;; I-laud, 10 obtainmatcn:ll l'lr tI'e brf'aklt":llf'r, a",1 al_o to forl1l iI If 'clpl.tleau, fHr I.lrf' t'rN,ti'jIl or a lit;IIIIJOu<c 011 the higl,cstI'art "~I ll'e 1,lan,I, Ihe workmen wcre jli~!!ing, ,,11('n l>i<ltul 1111' 'pUI, throll!!], a -eam or cool or tl>'O or three

1',.('1 Ihid., II hidl :lpp'ared from Ihc deek of the ~t('am­

b<lat lil.e a black rihbon along the face of tlte rock, at agn'uI dl'tali<1II aIK,o\'(' t],e "ca.

TIlI're can be nu dO\IIJI that ::\e\\' Solltl, \\-,,11.' will,"\lIlel' (II' Lth-r, Ix,<:OlUC a !!real manufaeturillg counlr)';,IlI1 it i~ \"1",111.\ t·>i,It-llt II,at ::\e\lea~llc will b,'come thpI'lilll'il"tl ~t"lt of il_ lllanulacluling illdu"Jrl', It has the1\,"lulll a,I'alllaz,· fur lhi .. purfl'O~e of an' ine:'illau"tible-ttpl'h' "f co,L!, anJ a 1'31 uour fil 1'01' ~hipJling of allY <ize;\\ 11111' tIll' "llrruullllillg: ('oulllr)', in atldition 10 Ihe col.lil'ri,-~ ;tllll till' COPI>!'r ~",dli"g hlabli<ltlnent alreadylm·nli"llt"!. e,HI Mlllpl} I" any conc('i>aVle "':'itt'nllhe IT\U'

llIalt'ri .. 1 f".' ,Ill lhc m(l.lIul:tClurt's of Europ('. ,i~. "001,.:,\IIUII, flitx, h"llIp, :tlhl ~ill.., Tllf're \I as an il'''''' rounder)',tllll a ':tlt l\t}rl. f"r sOllle lillle in Ihi. ,i('inily, lJUl vullt"I' 111\'111 lIaHl r,.~1I ,1i~COllli"u('.1 rot' ~el'("ral years pa,,!.I'Ju'rll \\,,~ :.1'0 a dot I, Ill:\"ltf:1t;It.)r~· of eOtlsid"rnvl" ,'\Ielll

'11 ~"l'l: ..~~l;.r operallull for se>'f'ral yC<Jrs at :;[OCl.:lOll, allillcil)illll I'illag:t' "" rI,e "l'flo~i,,' sllo"c; vul Ille vuildillt:S!La"ill;; 1..:('11 ""forlllllatdr cOllsu",ed by tir.., sh,"'l])' b,"ton'lhc gulll discuver)', it II:ls Ilot vn:lI I'l'Slll)l('l!; butl, Ilru-

192 1Il8TQ!l\" ~W :.,.:11' !'('IU"rn W,\U:~.

I'. Imdll'" in the 'lIf'an lime g:<llll' 1\) th('

pril'lOr :nl< WOI"I<Illen, <>

.. tli ...,~ill"'<:· I 1'·-'"'" <> ,,' ,','" Iwnal !{'IlJ..lI\cllt.lherc I:H u<-,'11,,"11"11 ,'I'WC;\~ t".· '

. I ·"-"I"I(·t1 ,m the lli~h\·~t l:md n.-ar tlie 10"11. Ita WIlIIIIIl • ~ . .",.· I.' , , mall)· '"car... · hUI .1 hrlt ~IO(.( .,0 Oll~,h:H1 !K'<'1l (ISll~('{ o· ., .

, '''1I011< till obil'cl fl'om the .,('<t. dial, It 1.:111:Ill'! \\3S ~o (,Oll'P'~" . .· " nn1'k fvr IllariIlCI'~, alld 1\:lS ,Il,llc;\tcd aslH'COIlll' a am" , .'

, , .".,. of th., cva<t. N'll :u\n'L'lllli,; to llllssuch 011 tIe Ch"

. I \\('1'1'1' the 10ClIl "o\,cl"Ilmenl IHltlorderedClrCIIIll"t:tu('e, IV'" .the materials of th,- 0\(1 \\ illdmill tl) l>c so~d by :\\lC~IOIl,

and till'}' were pllrcha~ed acconlillgl} by a Scotch tll,lllder· I I", '0' ,,,, XOsoollcr, ho\\cwr, had the Sile takellIII [11'1" -' •II!JlCC, Iban Ibe har!Jour-ma"ter, anotln'r Scotel'luall, \I hohall not J.K>en clllIsulttd ill tln:: maller, anu \la" not awareof the cirCUlu-lallCC till it ,,:IS too Intc, "l'Otc 10 theGOI'erUlllent, rec,)l\lIuel1dillg that the "ale sllouhl by alllI1elln~ 1>e annullcd, oll account of tIle importancc of tl,cland-mark to nal'igr\lion, But tl,e 'Iily bnildcl', Ile~'l'illg

of the Cil'CullIstnnce, an<!llot willing to forego his hargain,'Juictly collected a llulllbel' of the collicrs of thc I'icinit~·,

one e"cning, after they hau fillished their dail)' tn"k underground, who, lIl:'lrching up to the 'Iindmill in a body.pulled it down, and canied off the m:lterials :It once. Im·mediatelr thereafter, a shipmaster, a stl1luger on the coast,ruuning alollg the land for N'pwca"th', and not fiuding Ihe\\illdmil! where hi" chart dirccted Ilirn to look fur it, waseither kept at sea for days together, or Ilad to retul'll 10]lort without reaching the ]llacc of his dcstination. Th<'GOI'cl'nment had then,fore to erect an ol.Jeli~k of solidmasonry on the site of the old lI'iudmil\, the cost of \\ hichwas nect"Ssarily llIuch greater thall the sum realized fromthe sale of the llmteri:l]s, while il was lllllcll less COIISI}icUOllSal a land·mal'k for marincrs. BUI t1lis is Illel'dy one ofthe numerous \)(.lIefits and IJICl>siugs \\ llich the colon)' de­ri,"es frotn the Il'Melll of centra1iUltion.

Tlu,re \,as bc.::1I a large e"p.entlitun" inClined, within tI,e11ISt fe\\' )'car~, in the creetion uf It military LalTack ill tl .."

\

TIlf. lIUNn:l: ,\>;'I'l ~IA:'NI:'r. mvutS, 193

lown of Nc""ca~tlp. wilh :tll the ('xpcn~ive appendages oftpmrtns for ..."cr)'bod)' \\ "ich such an cst:'lhlishrnent im­I'lil~. B.. t ther(' arc 110\1' no lon;;cr an)' ~oh.lien in theI'I:tcc, :trill Ihc lJuilrlin:!~ :lrc cOlIsl""-juelltly going 10 wrcck:lnd ruill, A -imilar hilt lIIllch more extensive suite ofuuil.lings Irat! jn~t bpPII compl+'l('d ill the cjt~' of S)'dney, at:I cost of :lbollt 50,000/" whirl, was p~,i,1 h.l' tlor colony ontloc conditiOIl of gelting the sile of till:: Old Tbnack, whichit secms lH:lollged to Ihc Ol'dnauce J)cpal'lllwnt, whennil order came oul from I,ome to reduce tbe militaryesta.blblllllC!lt of thc colony tn a GOI'ernor's guard. Al thelatc p-encral election, I sugS~tcd to the citizrns of Sydneythat the }:ell' lhrracks, which were thus in great mea­~ure rendered unnecessary. should bc cOIl\'erted inlo aLunatic .t\s~·lum, :t" an appropriatc memori:ll of the wi>o<lonlof the projector~. I learncd in the cit), of Charlcstoll, inSoulh Carolina, that the Ihitish barracks of the oldcoloni:ll regime ill that cit), had beell cOIll'crled into aCollcge for tloc cducation of rout I, after the \VUL' of Inde­pendcnce; the Amcricans finding Ihat Ihe)' had no furtheruse for such an cstablishlllellt afkr ther had achie"edtheir fr(,E'dolll, In short, barracks are requirt:d for keepinga colony dOWII-110t for keeping it up.

To thc 1I0ltl,ward of the Pori of Kew('lstle, Ihe landtrends :lW:lS, fOl' aboul thirly miles, to the eastll'anl,forming a df'(,p bight on tlie coast, illllllcdialelr to the110rthward of \\'hich is Port Stephcll; :lnd still farthernOl'lh, in latitll~lc 32", is the cntrallce 10 the i\lallll'U"Hil'el', Port :;u'phcn is the I'ead (jUat't<'l's of the .\ustl'a~lian i\gl'icultural COlUp;1I1)', onc of the nUlllerous joillt­stock comllanie~ of the ~'c.. r l8'25, It was illcorllOratedby HO~'al CI':lrICr, h:t,'ing a eal)i!al of oue milliOIl stE'r.ling; and it obLduoo frOIll the GovernmCllt of the .Iar ;l

million of acre! of land in Ihe ('olonr, fr.:c of co,t, \litltas Illllch con,'ict laoonr besides as Ih~ Local GO\~'nlln"lltcuuld ~parc, :lUll a munopoly of all Ihe cual lIIiul's 01

\'01.. 11. K

Tllf: IIUNT£I, A;\"J) )[,I=,l\INQ mn:ns. 19.5

the r"c1 nh'el" ilUd Livcrpool Plo ins in the interior, inlil'll 01" a silllilol" extent 011 the eO;L5Ll'

With t1'c~e prelilllinar)' obseTl'ations, the reader willunderstanu tI,e allusions in tIle following Rough Nolesof 11 Journey which I luatle ill tlle month of November,1830, 10 1I11nter·~ Hh'cr, anl! from thence acr~ theL\ustralian Agricultural Comp:I1lJ'!J land, to thc )Ianning:Hh·C'r. 'flipy wen" ]JulJlislled at the time in a Jlopularcoklllinl journa.l ill 8)'1111(')'; alld as n pCl'8ona[ narr(lti"e i!Jgenerally more illlerc"tillg than a lIIere deserilltion or

,\.:;ricullnDI COnJll:ln,·'lI E!;tate nt Port StcJlhenand acro>.Slo Ihe :llauning Fii'-cr _ 43i,I02 acres.

Ditto.:1t Li\"crj>ooll'lains, n Iraet of an oblongshape . - - _ _ :<49,600

Ditto_ nt [he I'ec.'l Rivcr, la tDeI of irresular out-line - - 313,:!98

The t<>llo.... inz if :l description of the Li\"erpool Pl:uns C(luntr~.

from an Ul1j,uhh.hed ICIICr Qf OT. Leichharot"s. Cassi!i" tbe Slan.ing [>0;111, i~ in Ihe t·Pller Ilnntcr l)i'lri~t.

" I 'n,nt n(l the l.;'-erpool lbnge (from Cauilis) ... ilh a gentle_In311 ..ho T:lS {;oing 10 eSl3blish a ,hl't'p.~13Iion at tbe R:mgt. .\11

dIe ~I"'no and t<.'C:ombry r:\tlgn, a$ "·ell :tS the Li ..er"]>ool RangeilSdf, are clltird}' flal al thc lOp. YOI1 dinlh up ,.ilh pe31 dif_ticnhy 0' Cl· loosc, sltnl·Il-"uged, h3nl rocks, and )on find yOlll'scl1: tvYOllr agTC't3b!... surpri.>C, on la pbin 110 smOOlh thal rOIl Illi,;ht dri .....in la rnrriage. The I'bin of tbe Li..erpool Ran.;" is 31~1 lbr(>,>nul..., broad. 11.1' TO('k be<oOIlH'S fl'\.'I\nellll)' cellular.:mu Ihe cellnle.arc filled Wilh \I hile cr} .<lnllin.: sllbsmucc._difl"cl'cnl ;;1)('d,'5 lIf zeo·lithe. Th (lrin"ijl31 trc!.'. arc the ba.lard box. lh.· ".hile gum, ao.!a ,:um II'loiclo the A",}e~ rnt1e<1 bbck bull al Piri, bill "hidlthe}' call fO.....H llIahogsnr 1...1"('. It rtSCmbll'$ much Ihe .lrin~·

bark in its eXI~nlal a'l'e~t.

" N,'xt dar I ,J~scllJd(',J into IltC 1.;,'e1'[>oo1 PJailJs,~ :Ill ext,·n.;'·ele,-d C(lllntry, ihowing a black .wil Cll\"('JX...J Wilh gras«, "ilh ("...... _/,os;l,r and Uy••,"_, (onnul}' the 00110111 (If", l.:lrg" inlan<i bk",,·jlh hill. nnd ridg~ rising like i~bnd5. Th,·.... hill. aI',' "ilh,· ..san(!qone or 1>.1,:111. The 5:",d.lon" is ro:«.e :lnd soft, Th" lIah'I'nlld allllllspltcl·C ha,·c wash",1 thc i,,,,,l olf, amI tonn"llI Li'",.r ...1"6aod f"",," ...Ile 10 Ihret' llIil,'lI bl"(~"" n'''"u lhl! l'rill~;p:u l'hlUlI;.,ilU..

IL 2

19-1 11lSTOHY or "'H\<" SOLiTII W,l.L£S.

r I·" 'Crlr8! It i~ fQl'IIllW.lc,IIO\\'CI'C1',

the eQunln' or I Ill' ~ ) , . .;.,. ,,"'i'~C m:l'"'nificcnt Jlch('lIIl's of lud,-

forlhcpu .. ,clla" '",. , ." the ('",PCIlSC of whole commu·\idual :Ig~ran( IzelUelJ • . • .

. - ,. ~ leec('d The Al1stralmn .\Crlcuhurnlnil1cs, ,'cIT rllfC) ~I' . ~. .

r ." nt its outset the faifest plofesSlonsCOllll)[lll)' pUI 01 I • .

. '0 \1"1 at it was "(11)0' 10 do for the co-and pronll-Ses, as I " . '? .lOllY, nol forgetlillg CI'CIl the Abongllll's, who "ere to

. ., ., _,_ of the belldir. I lH\\'c IICI'cr llcaro,come 1I1 or It ~ I" .. •

lIowel'cr, of its doing all)' thiug forthc colony In an)' wa)'.In sllorl, cupidity was its IlHlinspring: ils Illanagcme.ntwas long characterized by the shccre~t rolly-, ~nd liS

natural result was di~al)poilltll1cnt. One of the directorsha.;; l'ecetltly gone out, at the in~tance of the ~o~npany,to rrdnce the establishment, and to ]'e\'OlutlOll1ze the\\'hole concern; and in both of these object.~, I under­stand, he kls madc considcrable progre~s nll'cad}', :'olynd,'ice to those eoncerlled would bc 10 lIil·idc the e~tate.

and other property, ;l1tO such portion~ :IS would M'1I topril'ate proprietors, and to dissoh'c the COlllj)anr asspeedil)' as possible, The land was originally selectedbetween Port Stellhen and the )fanning Hivcr; but SirEdward Parr)', wbo "as the Company's Commissionrr fora time, recommended that the land illlmcdiately 011 thecoast, which was generall)' \\ol"lMcss, sllOulJ be sunell­d",red to thc Crown, and a ncw !X'lectioll tuade of jlUl't ofthe grant; and this recommendation l~ing acceded toby the Colonial Office-a Ihing wllich would never hal'ebeen done in the case of a private illdil"idual-about600,000 acres of fine pastoral countr)' were selected on

~ Onl)' Ihink of tlu; to,,"n of Carringlon, in I'ort Slcphcn-theComp~nr'i principal Iv,,"O, whcre mllch Euglisb mOllcr hu heellu~lelSly upeuded - bt,ing ~iluatcd whcre ,'cllSo:li canllot come... ;lhil1 a mile of tile ihore! If there bad been no dl~1' \nler withint~ port, Ihere mighl ha"c be(,1l "'file cxcU$<: for thit;; 1>UI thcn:,,:u; a I,lace WlIC,"" thc d«:p W~lcr i. dQlie to thc 10l1d and fr~8h

Wll,ter, '.·hidl was 1I000t, found ill the first instance in ll:ut loca!il}',ha~ rcclully beel! UbtUlUed Ibcr" b)· b<.riug,

Total- 1,000,000

196 IIl~T.)l:l· 0.' :n.w SOlrU '1'.\1.1>.

~("elles rlml so:-elwry, I Irll~l tho:-~' will ~'QI be Llll.aCel'lllahk'

tI~ ~k,'lches of ('0101li:,1 life, tin.! cololllal traw·III11~.

,. NOTES (II' ,\ VISIT TO TilE UPPEll IlUNTEI{ AN])Till; i\I \~NING nl\·L:n.

"S')dM)'. NM. G. 15:.0,_1,('(1 S}"dnc~, hr lhe nOS<' l\olearner, fO<")lnrp.;11l, Dl l('ll r.)I~ lud rt":lchro N......CMlll·. :lftt'r an :lgt'ff:lbl,·"'~1$3~('. 1I si); .I,:N. nf Ihe 'lh. Y...r~ 1,It:\saut 10 hl~'e Ihe OCCIIlIrt :r,he "0\ Ige di~posed of durillf: the night, Nc\\"c,,~tle )o;'roour

~IIiIC I co",r,;" 1\0'" 10;> whll it has """1' \){ol:n till \'Cr)' re~O:IItl)' ~o.·t.-enl}.li,'" )"11"1 plst. Fur",,,!!!.I;ke Ih.. Dud ,s"I, no ~1j::U .ofhfcnpon ,l~ .,iII -..a1('N. ...ncl'l h('n :I rolitlr,. Sle;llllcr "':l!! p:I~,"g 10:lDd fro bd....een lI"nle", Ill ,r Ind Ih... ('";\pill'; _, full of hfe andlB<.>lion. fbunting "ith $Iar, Ind ~Irtpn. h "'IS thought ~mark:lb.le

laSI ('('lIturr thlt Ihe e:lnhqulkt' II Lisoon should hl\"c been feh In

,he We~' Indi ...~; but it i. s"rel~' .\111 I"ore remarkable th:ll th...~bakillg of ...arlh in their tillS aud cradles by tlie gold seekers of(':,Iifornia 5houlll h:lrc bet,-n ro sensiblr fdt as il is hen: Oil theI"\'m<.>le coost of Aust""lil. ICross dlt: oouodll'5S I':ldfic. Ind iD 111I~

opposite "'mi~pMre. No ff.-er Ihln I"'fnlr Ameri<:30 sbiJl$loodillgCOIls for &In "'",,nci~ at preseot in tbis b:lflM>ur - it is a n'O$tint~rCllin" .ighl. Onlr Ihink of theu ~eS5('ls tr:'lnsforllll1lg ~uch

solitar)' isln as Wf ha"e hilheno 1Icen :lCeU.IOL"ed to con6id"rTlhiti, l'iL~3irn', Island. the Sand\\'ieh IslaT,ds, anu the Nudg3tors'Isllnds, of tbt nSI Pacific. inlO lhe mcr(' balf'''':I} houset of olleof lbe greal commercial bigh""ars of Iht' ....orld. This is dl'<:idl"dlyOut of thc mOSI .-ond,erlul rt~oIutions of this TCTolutiooarr I~t.

.. Thursdl)'. Noy. "I. - Uld the Uisbops of l\"e"C:ls,le and Kc...Zealalld IS f~Jlo.. passeogen to Morpelh, bUI1I$ these ecclesiaslic:l1dJf:nitaries neither slept in the geneml eabiu. nor breakfu~Ud atIhe calli" table, nor paced Ille deck with the COllllllun herd of cabiup;lsscogers, but mlinta;o('l! tll" isolJtctl posiliollther h,d 'Iken uI"fron. url)' dlwn tilllh" .('MerS arrival al her binalion, ou lhtelfvat~ pbtform ntendins across lbe YI'S$fI bIol"'«n the paddlebous• • f had mcrel,. Ihf honour of their ('(llllpan)' :lud nolhi"g ofthe btnc6l Anificial d;gnilr pt'rhaps reqlliTC1l :I lillle isolationfn. ;\1; npport_'l lelH the Craml I,ama of Thibet thinks »0. TheA\lO'itle Puul, however. was ofa differe"t opiniun, w!len u I,assenl>"el'on boord the good ~I,;p (;Islor and l'o11u.~; olhen.ise he couldIIQt have made 110 OlIU)" COOVfrls as ht did durinl! his vo}al;l'S

"Tht'5(' \"0 I>lshops. it~",". are 51yled """"<»o"r.J "i~ho~ a"da lloard or M",ioos hu jlllot beeu furmed in Ihe wlouy uud"r ,heir

•

'fUr. IlI\"Tf:H ,\'li0 )I.\X\"I~G mn:ns. 197

~'''I''('''''' i~ l'''''jr<v.1 ,,,,ro.../,,,,r~ ""f/' l/.e l'",r/#-c 'if fllf Pro­I'··"'INI hi,i'N'f,,,II'/'Hrrh ':I I/',. U";I,~1 ~lM,'1l of ,\meriea. Happy110", th~ (',.1011;,,1 Io:l'i'e"I,,1I ('hllreh 1,;.. ),;,,1 the /.(ood sensc to copy:"'.'"thill.': f.....", th;,t 'l"arler. Ilupe it will cunti,,,,e the I'r:Icticc,as there i. "''''''lhi''l; d", 10 h" eopit'd from the "mc '1nartCf of Itleasl ('<1":11 j'''p''.lllllCt'. 1'.... cU'''\llc..."ery ~greJ;:llion in the,\",("rican El,i..c<'f'.ll t:1'urfh has tI,t' dlOiet' of us o.-n pa!lor. unlw of a la}' dd"gale fr"'I' :l1Il.....g ic, o...n nlC"'bo;l"$. ..ho has an'~I"~l 'We u'ith lhu 1',,>lQr al all IIIe<:t'ngs of tile Bisholl's or Dio­cesan ('Ollrt, '1'110 bishop lIin'sdf al.>o is alwny.• chosen by th"whole t'O<I)' of I'''SlorS ""d la) delegales;n "ath dioces,,; lud whe"ao,. clcq:, II>3n. like ;\Ir. Uu.",lIo :lod )Ir. BC:llIlish· (no.. of PortI'hillip), has ch:lr,gn of In,. kind bro".S'ht I/,,,,inst him, he ill :l11o...cd10 spnk for him",lr iD open COOIrl, In,1 crery nwo,mbo:r or lhatCOIIM•• 1."lhcr clerical or laic, has hbeMy of speech also on Ihec:t$C; which is d<'<'it:kd 3t Itllj::th br the "otes of the majority. thehi,hop merely giving his cas,i"g "ote when there h~Pt'"ms 10 be 3ne'lllalit}" of '·OIt'S for and again.t. ~o'" Ihis is rtl'9'Ou.> {,!JUI!! iD~:llit.'". :lnd il is Ci>fnti~l to Ihe progre t'Vt'n of t,,,it li/,frl!J inIhi colon} thlt Ih" Prolestanl Episrop.al l..'hurcb••·hicb (Qffiprlscs>0 luge :I rroVO",on o( Ibt' fnli~ populalion. should obtain Ihismeasul"\) or dt'gret of libr.-n)' as ~pet.>di1rIS poss,ble; (or cj,·il liblon,.:Lnd religious lilx·rt)· :ll\\"IYs go togclher. The Colonial EpiscopalChureh, how","e,', 'l'lllnn'cr oLt3in this measnre of rdigious hbertyulllil, like its sist",' ('hul",·:, in ,\nlerica, it is entirel)' separatedfrom the ~tate. all,l ldttu il. Qwn inhe~nt energies Inu Ihe Cbris­tian ~~ mpalhil'S of ils fl"OPI". .'or cHr~' .t::piS((lp;tIi:ln coogn-gariooin this ('(llooy 10 I••ye the tl,oice of 'IS o..n miniM... r. U ....fU a.s or'" lay ddef:"te to f\.·pr.-st>nt lod "ote for il in all Clses. lik" tbOit'jnst refcrf\.~IIO, io tbe Bisl....!'· eourt, would be of ilLfioilfl~' lP"·:lt... r('Qu$e<]u"nce tu tbe r,.,,1 wclf:II'e aud "d"llu<:elOt'1l1 of lhat eOullllu­niQn than ,,"eo to ha,'c 1';,uOOI. " )',,"", as at pr~scnt. from th"public Ireaillry. (or the support of r~hgio;>u. '-or lb:lt moo,.y."llhou~h llrofcs"o,>dl)" ('("'tributro br th,. {;o.....rnlIlelll. is in ro::llilyUl.CD 001 of Ihe potkeLS of till.' l~k in lhe fiN( io..t:ltKe, ano:l...ould doubtloess be lJIutb wore judi<:'olUly ,1i>tribut,.,J if lcft by tlit'Gowrnllltnl in the hands of th" JlCOllle. 10 be dNl! Out by Ih ...",­sd,',.. to th" "'Olit dt"'''';''g. l'ha,,!;t'! c""" 01" ,his m"goitu,lt' will

.. CI"rgrmen of the Colonial El'i.cupul ('hureh "ho ,~ultl ",~t

,-onfor", 10 Ihc ":nn"",,t PIbt"} i~... of lhc ~olou~. 1...1 who h....l Ih,'r,,·flH'\.' boxn olihg..... 10 Id"" it ftn" I'or! l'bJllip.,

19S llISTOr.Y ~••• Sr.W SOl'TU W.\U:S.

bot 'Juile I'r.leti(':lble under (Mlf ((lrlhrom;ng ~onslilution. and :'~l

..-11... b' .... the ..-c1r"ro of 11ll' rolon,. 31 l,e;l1"1 ,nll of roune do thc'r

UIDI"'" to clfl'd them... Mrbrolhcr, Mr. A. '_,ng.of J)ullmore. ,!. P.. had sent" "'~n' for

me to rid,' 'H'er to his pbc(', 31>0111 four uHles from E35t :\13"I:md.

I ~ceol1linglJ took 1he road 300llt."0011, lout '. 113<1 SC31'Cc1" le(tl;asl )bilbud when it begall 10 rnUl "cry lu,'a,-dr. amI 1 11111"11111)'(,lIo11gh pUI Ill' my nmbrl'lla. ~o protecl Hl,:sdf from il. BUI like('('Main other rolouial aulhonhC!I. the I1l:ln' 11 appE'ars had p3Ssed artyw/(l !}'Mrtlll, for all travellers 00 ber h:lcl.:, to Ihis effl't':~-:<O

nln~&U...s ",uowr.o HEIU:. although she bad inserted no DOliC('of it in tb... GnCTTI:, :IS she OIlghl lluqu{'1.lionabl,· 10 ha'-e done,aftrf the ..err frtqucnt example of the so.id :llIthoritil'S.· P~rcei,.iDg

m,· 111i;;t:II...... I proee«\ed of COUrMl to r«:tif)' it immedbt{'l)'; but~fore I rould put down 111" umbrella, the ll13re had got me do"'nat fuUlength on the "ighw~r for tr:msg,.ession of the rule aforesaid,lU)' hnmble plea of ignorance notwithstanding. I escaped, howe'Ter,without injury; and, thinking of Ihe late Sir nohcrt l'ed at themoment, was thankflll it "lU no worse.

.. :\b.ilbnd, both E35t and West. h:lS nearl)' doublfd itself in &i~

:uJd popubtiOtl since m)' bat .. isil to this localit)' about fi ..e )'ears.00. .A~b1y to appoinlIDCnt, deli"ertd a le<:tuTe to a numerous.uditnet' at tbe Row Inn in the e..ening, on the general inlereslsof the district: pointing OUt the neeessit'\' for a constant l\nd eXlen­sive influx of industriOlls anll ,'irhHlus 'popnlation from home forthe de"elopmeut of the "ast N!sourees_mineml, agrieultut·aJ. andputo,:l_o~ IIllnter'a River, nod showing how Easily so dcsirnbleun object mlgbt be accomplished. Directed ntteutiou pnl1icularlyto the growth of cotton, which haa ~n grown snC<'C'5Sfully ODPat~o's Rin'r,U well aaat Ne.. T01m, Sydney, by Mr. Bucknell.and wblch promi5el io a fe .. )'n~ 10 become a staple produCI ofthe district, as imponanl and as ..aluable as '1"001.

"No". 8.-Rode from Dunmore to Singleton_thiny_four miles--:the day re'narknbly fiue for travelling, though lutterl)' rath<:,r hot."as met h)' 'p_' , "'IT ' • 1·_

lD mem, a cw nnlcs from town. by a fc'~ fri<:ndsho neeon'l'anled me to Ihe residence of my hosllilable host, Mr. T.

• Tbis ..:IS undCl1tood .I>ftd.ltu Dl . '. as Il. !ahre upon Ibe Chief Justice, for hiss.. l,lluphcatlon of Gl:l<l:UL RULE.! for the practice of tbe

p~rne COl,ln which had~pruf~ion. I' . me a perfect ouisance to Ihe leealqua.r1er. I wu not Ilkel)', howC'Ter, to be forgotlen in that

W. Robin!Oll, whfJ Mndll"1S with gn'at credil and allC~S a I't"pee­I:lble :I":lll,....y at Singleton, :lnd occupies tbe Scotch :'rlanse. :lb. R."':la f'lfW' of a numerous COqlS of schoolm;u;lers whom 1 had beconinstrun""ntal ill brillsin~(lut to Ihe colony in Ih" year IS3? It,.,-as IWcllli~rlr gratif}ing to find him doing ,rell- much and deSl'r­,'cdly l'(,sl'<,etetl.

"I had not IX'CD at Patrick'a Plainsfvr nineteen ycars before. Thet»wn of~ingl('lon *, which is really a rcs[X'ctable colonial towll, ...itba coosiMl':lbl... cum""r of creditnbl<: buildinw;, h:la sprung ioto"",iSlence in Ihe inter..al ; although I ....as .so")' to find that pro­IWrlr of:sU kinds in iu .. icinity had latterly been iadl.,. re<hu:ed ill,·al"e. wbile nlll:S fe.. of tbe neighbouring proprietors had .suF.~red

seriOll5 re"erses. 11 cannOl he ,",pposed, howe.-er. tbat in aloeality&0 r."'o" ...bl)' sit"aled:ls Singleton, prop.,rly ahould long continueal its pr<:'l-{'nt Ilellreciat<:'d rnte. All that is rl'<]uisite to in~"re itsrapid ris... is the sknlly influx of all inll"strioua fr..,e inlm;gTllntpOjJulation from hom<:,. to develoll the vast resources of th~

IIUIlti'r's Hh'('r district.,. Delivcred :l lecture. similar 10 the one at:Haitbnd, in thc

Coorl 1l0u$O?, ~hich ~as full 10 o'Terflo..illg in Ihe evening: in",hich I directed atlelltion panicnlarl,. to the eultintion of COtlon,::.s :lo mueb less pr('(':u;QlIS :lond mneh more pro6table crop thanu·hdt. The subject appeal'$ 10 be exeiling [Qllch inleh"St :l.ndatlelltion :l.rnong tIle Imall lettl..,n or IlTactical bnners io thenortbnn districts of th... , ....lonr. Th...,. ~m to think :l.t first thatthere is somcthing lll)tit<:'l'ious in ~otton enltiv:l.liOn, and COlltie.'J.nentl)', whcn proposed to them ill :l cursory way, they do nOt sh'eit IlIe re'lll~ile :loUenliOll ; "ut whell 101<1 that its culti"atiou is asaimple and e:lS)' a pl'OCt'iiIi as th:lt of maize, and much the $;tme inits ch:lracter, Iher t:lKe :I llrong interesl in il, and resolve to IlI.3keIhe ulWrimtnt as _n ., Ih"'r can. 1t ...:IS prt'Cisel)' in this a~·

that the culti"ation of COtIOll bec:lme seneral in the cotton gro ingSlal" of North Americ:l- Wu enterl.,nffi al supper by a fe'"warm fricudti at the dO$<' of Ihe I('elure. There "-as no n(li<e.nothing approaching to ex('eSS'-qnite an intellectual tr~at. :ludmuch intercst shown in the wdfar.· lIud :l.llVallc..,lIl(·lJt of rh" cololH·.

.. SatuTtI:l)', Nov. 9. _ nO<le to Mllswell\u'ook, tw"nt)'·,·ight Illil~s_thc d:l.y very hOl. The rood at Singleton Cl"VSS<'S I In,,rer'~ ni"H,or rather its bed, for UllfO"Ullat~l)' Ihc rivcr h:l$ nOI ~Il fto,,-ing for

• Cootaillillg &30 illhabitauts.

"'

mSTOlll" OF Nt;W SOl:iTn WALES. Till': lIUSTER ASD lIA';NINO nn"EltS. 201

'Olll~ n,onlb5 p:lil, ,nd thl.' CQ:IM n'I\S ha'rc t"'l"ndcd no farlher intoIh.. inttrior l!tan !'ingltl"", or nlh"r llI,ck Creek, abolll half ...ayfroo" Mallland; th" COLlntry hightr up a5l'uming more and moretilt rhanrll'r nf' d('ll('M al t..-eT)· $ltp. t;ll at Il.'nglh not a bl:id" ofll....>lI is 10 bt R'tn ;n an}' dil'l'("lion. Th.. ri,·..r lIluking a con.sidrrabl... dtlOllr to 'ht 5Oluh..-aro iu 'his Il:I.rl of ilS ('OUI'5('. theroo(1 lea"H the "alk)' of Ihe HUlller 10 the 1,·/"1. and Ihe COUnlrynS~\lm"'i 'he character of an opeo forest, of '·:J.rring p:J.s,oral en­

pabili'ies.")JuswrHbrook is well eho~en as the site of all inlnllu town, both

from ilS di,tilnec from Singleton, and from its bciug the centre ofn ronsidenble txtenl of grazing COUUlr)'. It is n !lll're $Il':1gglingTilbgt. ho.ul.'r, oceupying four t;m" Ibe srnce it oughllo h"'vedoo.. for Ihl.' conftnitn~ of ",11 collcerne1l. There seems but littlelaDd. in tbe Iltighbourbood fil fur cultivation, and Ihc prneul longdronght is very' discouraging. For Ihis reason I fouod the popu.lation bad mlber bttll dt"t're:u;,ng of latt. (Populalion 20~,)

.. Sunday, ~ov. 10, _ PTl'acbl'll. in tht Presbrll.'ri:!n Church, anut briek building, to a congnoga'ion of about a hundred-n goodone for the interior, The minis'er at Singleton "isits this loeali'yonce a mOlllh. Afterward!! rode 0"1'1' to Aberdeen, an incipientviUn:;:c about eight miles further, and preached again to [I. con_grega'inn of about fifty, at four P,ll. Donald i\J'!ntrrl.', Esq" ofCa)'uga, llC" and Thom:u HaU, Esq., J, P., of lhrtbrook, bolbI't$ide in Ibis laighbollrhood, and 1l'cre present III d,,';u(' $tr"iee....ith lbeir falllilin After stniee rode 10 )Jr. 1I:l.1I's, whl.'«' ls~nl the Dighl. Mr, Han is ooe of lht sons of Ihe latt Mr. Geo.HaU, of Pin TO....1l, ....00 arrived in the oolony as one of a Slll3l1bod~' of P~Jteriall cmignnts, chieflr from Scolland, nod formtdan 'otnnt1ll8 ~l1cmenl on the hank. of tht Ihwktlibufl' atPonland Hnd, wh~ Ihe}' e~led, iu the Jellr 1809 at a c~t ofabout. 4~., the first pllce of ....orsl,iJI erected bl' the ,'oluntnrycontrlbullOns of the P"Ollle on this continent; one of their ownnUlllbt~, tbe late Mr, James i\lein, of Portland Head II nulyallOlltnhe, man, ollicia'ing fnl' thcm as a ea'echist wi~ho\lt l'lo­~;neratlon, of any kind, for tLe long period of t",e~'J.four yeau.

'

en7.n

sta)'l~~.•fur n ni~ht at old 1\Ir. lIalr. many years ago. Ihe oldeman unu. 'ne "lth a d of

'l.lIite lIatura.1 th ~ eg~ self-oompl.~ncy which W35"as marriod 'an:~II,~ad stYt~ sons, and that hist~ son, whoralt,' I obse.,'ed' n~ar bnu, had styen sons al6o. • At tbatI rtotol~1, ,you. "'111 SOOO oYtr.llall the eolonr' i\lr JI

..... mud. ple~ both "'ilb tht pun and "'i;h the ~I\:~

•

,

plimenl,· Ili.50111 hut "er}'exI~nS;ye~;07lI. in this part:bt'he c<>IOlI)', both in l:I.n,1 and in flnch and helds. V

•. )Iontb}', No.., t L _ Rode about ci:;ht or ten mild LO '8coorc,o,'er a bealltir"lIy uml"latins eounuy of Iht ricl,~ soil irnasihab~,bUl uloibilin~ 1101 ;l ~iDSle ve!iligt: of vegetation in the .hapV:~

pasture fQr WICk of a"y kind, It is Itn extrenll.'ly dlsmnl (IfllSlfl:enn" l"x-s;;uIS a "'Ost rcmarkable contrast to the IU:Hlri~nt "e~.,ion olJS<:rva1Jlc cYer)'wht'rc 'o,yonl. the coast. The l,ea"ens are'IS bra;;;; "bo,'e, ami the earlh n. iron bl'neath, 11 looks as if acurse had lighte(l n[lon the conntr)'. There is still, howe~er, som...lJaSI"rc on the hilll anti in 1~1rtil.'ular localitin in the mount:!in"a1lc)$' and 10 Ih<'Se Ihe sh{'('p and caule aT(! dr'vl.'n at snch kasolUl.Al:'ricnltlln: ,n s"ch circumstances ;s almost OUI Qf the qnrstion;but the population Qf &~ aDd its Yiclnity don Dot depend muchupon agriculture. 'fhl.'fl:l:a«, :aboul ~50.000 sbeep shorn in Ibenei~bbourhood; Ind public houws, .hich are ~i,ber fe ... DOr f",1'bel.""'n, gm... very "'1'11 in s"cb loca.lilie:s. l.'ven ",ilhout rain.

H J)di"ered a lecture. or addreu. luiltd to the gtntral state andIlfOSp<'CtS of lhe dislriet, in the Conn 1[ome. at Scoue, at threeo'c1~k, J'. Jl.; pointing oUlthc importance and necessity of makingWill... combined effort for the llrelcnoat;on of a snllicient supply ofwa'er il) sueI. loealitics. both for tbe ordinary purl'O'es of maD,and for parlial irri:;atioll. againSI the recurrenl.'e of such cnlamilollssea$()llli of droughl :IS Ih" pt'('kllt; ami showing how olher cOUntrit5.~iDlil:lrly Silualed ;u '0 e\inuk, cspccinlly in tbe ancient .orld.1,;tU 10 l!ep"'oo priDcirallr, if not exe\"sJ'rel}·. on anilieial.uppliuof Yaler, I also IlOiutcd out the .onderful :Idaplation for Ihc pur.posn of conu~TallCt',of ..hral> Iraml'(lO.u, or .ooden rail.a)-s -10 beconstrucled elllircl} of tbe iudigcnous limber of tbe colony _to tbe"ants of such a co'llltr)' and dim3tt lU ours in tbe IDltnor....hen>neilher food 1101' \laler can 1.M.' ololaine1l for th.. working ('aule inseasons likc the preSl.'nt, With llrtifi{"illl supplica of ,uter aDdwood"n tramroa,b. bolh of ".hid. wo"ld be (Iuite pr.lct;cable at 11comparati"cly s"mll eo.t iu many loeDlili.... in the inr"rior, nlt_mel'OIlS ,racu that aN now ll11inh"bilable eould be nmde to supporta comp:lr:lli"dy dense IlOpllla'iQll,·

" At ,h.. d05~ of "') leclllrc I had Ih~ honour 10 b.I pruent",i. b}'Thomas lIall, F.$Ij., J, P., with" "et}' gr"'lifring u,J.,J......i. sigutd by

·Onr4a.1 ii Q st'3 Ilhr.uoe.•",1I k"own 10 all ,,-ho ha,~ ooao:lc .I.

sea vorage, ~'enifying fg ".1 fl"..,. I" ,igltls,t Th",pl'('${"nt popul,tion of &<>11.. il ISU... :;

::ott? m.;:TOI:\" (n" 1a;11' SOl'Tn ",'1.1':5.

him>elr. )Ir. noll~1<l ;\1'1"1)"1'(', M.C'.. ami abrlm un of .t,,, ill'

h~bir~lIb (Of oX""... :1IIt! it< \ i"n';'} ; h> "hiel. uf co......... I "'~tl" ..$Qilablt :tt'~no l..ugm{'nl. In .111' ('...."itl~ I Ilrt:ld,~"t in theCOIIr! 11011-«', 3,t:: _hl~· 10 :IPllOi"llllrlll. {(' " mn... h 1l\:1l,'r o:on;~_

pt,,,,, thall 1 "nlicjp.~It"d :\1 sllth " li"'.... :mtl "fl('",~nl. rock rockto )[r. Ibll'!'. ",hto~ I 3ITind "loom ek,....n r.)l,

.. ~II" 1035 "hf3~s iJ<'l:1. r:llher an UiSIl'Cr.llic nl.'i"I'OOllrboo.l,of ...hkh I had :I rJIX' 5j\l'Cj"U:'n. .\11 t')<·skil,pcr, of the Ilame ofBin,gil.', '1\"00 is kllkd in ,I,,· '-;eini'r:l5 one of ,he OiSPCllkrs ofjus';c!' III 1]0(' 'nlt·rior. aUlI wloo, it SN'1l1('d. had bo.~n Sllld~-i1\;; thtlr~m('d nonM'n~ of rhos<' ,,·orlh,. se1l3lors, ~Ie5sr$. Wen/worth,PO>llnhlt'Oll, :\lnrr.ly. :Il1d Co., noont I)c1l1n;joguc5, DCIIH)('r:lU,

l,.'ollulllln;sls, Socialists. ,t;c .• 1ll'~S"'lliug, froUl some mislake ~bollt

lUy "urnW-r. in his ;U"rQ"u's signal-book, that I ,,~s sailingnud.'r out' or otb~l" I)f Ih~st h05lile flags, and should 110t th"rcfore1><' I'ern,ium 10 e~s Ihe line into his alistOCr.J.lic JlI'CS('n'\', bad,mlleD a leller to the Clerk of Ihe lIeneh, which I sa.~. forbiddinghim, al Ilis pl'ril, to allow Ihe lISt (If till" Court House 10 Dr. r.."lDg.UDIt'SS b.. "1"Tt' dul,. amboriud 10 do so by thl" lllagistrac}·. (}lr.lbll b:H1 II,...a1,. COllS~IlIf'd to tbt use of Ibe Court HOllSe for Ihcpurpow, aud C:lptain DuDl:lIftl'l, "'bl"ll refelTt'd to, ball made noohjetlioo.) The best of it ...:u, bo...e~er, Ihe use of the Coc.rtn~. for an)' public pu~ ...hale"er, is usually gl':lDlcd to :my­'bod)'llnd e"erybody lhat asb fOf it, aDd had recently lxcn gr.1Dlederen 10~ stroUing playtn !

.. Spt'l~ing or aristoerlllic magistr:ltes in Ihe interior. but ,,"ilhoutan,. parhcubr referenel' to the ease of Scone, the Locol Co'·ern ..menl hos for neadr Ihirty )'eal's past, or eyel' since the dnys ofg~ old Gonrn~r M~equarie, betn ,·irlllall,. in a sort of conspiracy~1I1~ thc~e functlonanes to ruiu and aebas<: Ihc working classes of~ e llllenor, aud to prevcllt the llOSSibilily of Ih(olr "radual elevatlollIn tbe sealc of aociet.\'. En·ry facilily, for eJ:lm~e. is held OUI toIht. 5b~pherrl Or stoek.ketper, or otber hil'<!d labourer IQ the in­tmor, to lpeod his mout,. in riotous dil<sipalion in ono! or otbtr oftilt OUllleroll5 .public ho~ .... hich tbest arislOC:.ats, forsooth havegot 10 ~n..ellleDtly pl~, Illd licensed for the purpoose o~ dleirI'UpetU1"1' "tates. nUI ...here h . , . ';n~ tb!_ or the . . . are I ere any facilIties for Ihe work­_0. , llltl'MOr to 1111"$ Iheir nrnin,1 in stock in land'" In tom ortable hou5ec f . "Iot"ti lbe hi~h I . (> tbf,r o...n? G01"l'fllOr 3,f:tC(luarit dt'­th~ aclual good~ :.~. n~ only fo~ ...hal he attcm]'t,'tl, hut forlot had ID "'ork e. l' .10 Ihu; "a)'...ilh the \'ery inf"rior materialsL ....1I'mtllt:Oldll<:'alf r I.....utI of Ihe Ha k b . I 'mCl> 0 t le colony' as the

.. "5 ury, the distrieta of Alrds und ApI:iu, Dnd

•

TilT: nm.-rr.t: ,\xn 11'\'lS:IXr. /HYERS. 20:1

tlt~ nl.I,1' <ettkm...nH of the c<:>lnny gener.llly, bear ..itoc<~ !fIll.Bm ... ltal r.,wnuN since h~5 e..e.. c ..en alleml"W 10 rollo... his,)\.hl\;"'~',l,· ""lInll,I,' 10 Ihi~ 1,n..."t hou~? The synem hilhl'rtopll~I 1 f\lr Ihc la<1 Ihirt,. ,ea... ha< hten to el't'llC onl,. two e13S5e$in Ih~ 1..",·. '·;r.-l",'ds (hr r;um-1' liehpillllOS) an,J se~fl. Nay,inM~Il'" ",:("n ill ... "iell ,rnnI'oe~y e,,~ hne MD srstemalieallr;:On( "I' D/l:a;MI lI1lotr.-ndin.c; indi .. id"aI5 of Ihe ...o"king c1:1-ut"I, atth~ '-':"',,,(, 'oendw<: of Ihe illl"rih~, to eff<"Ct Ihtir Ulle~ ",in b,.aOl" 1'1"<)('" or law. ""re 1\('1'11 numerous hernod b.:lief. and ha1"enO! 1'("("11 ronfin('(l 10/lny on(' ,li"riCI in p:lrticular. I ha"e e"enlIee" tQlrl of well alllhcllticat"d ca'cs in which hCl\(b of fnmiliesk",,, \.occn <)'st~lI1atic~lI)' l'"r$('(uteoJ an,1 ruined, whose onl,. Qitl.'lleeha,1 bel'n Ih"i" l'"e$lImill"; to) deftll,l Ihe honour of Ihelr "'IV"S anddaughter, frolll th" I'rotligacy Ill' Ilrlllalil)' of Ihcil' he/lu!.

.. ' For ,lark a' th" accents of lo,."rs· far('""l1Are Ihc d........\s Ihal Ih('} do, and Ihe tales tbat they tell.'

In Ihis "':lY hundreds of .....putal.ole families of tbe hllrobler Cl.a!SI'S

thai, to 1II) e"rtain ~nu\rlffl!::e. would greall)' h:>.,"e p.....fe~ spend­in.::: th"i~ da~< in the ;nte~ior, hare been .. irtually dri..en oo.ek iulOIhe coloniaIIO..-nS; till S)dne), in panieular. ba' bceolD(! ill :Ne...~uth Walt'$ ... h:>.t Coooot uk'tl to d~sc:ribe I,oodoo lIi baringbt<.-<">!ne iu ,,:.daml. ,-iz.. a prodigious 'fen, lotall}' dispt'Oponionedto Ih~ lize Qf Ihc Ij"ing bod), ou \rhich it is:>. mere nnhe:>.lchy andmorbid ('''C~l:1lee.

"TuM<1n~, No,'. I~. _ ,\ requisition h",'jng been fororardedthrough ;llr. I fall. from S<>l'", persons at .'JusswellbrO<Jk. OU )Ionda~',

r("lu~'lin~ m~ 10 ddi"H a 1~C1l1l'e Ihen' Oil lll)' rClurn, Mr. H. haddisl,ateh"a a nlan QIl h('rscback at darbrcak ta gi,'c notice that rshould tldiver an :uldl'css or lecture m )lllsswellbrook nt elt"cn ,\, )1.

1 accordingly fouud Un audience. on lily I'cturn to that localily. ofn. reS[lCctablc chn....'etcr, nlld "uHicient to fill .'Jr. Jolwscon's largebilliard room, ana aCCi>\\linSly ddi.er,'(\ a l""tur~ of 1'1\'(1.' mudltht s.1mc purport as the on~ I bad given Oil tl,,' pre. ious da}" at&one. Anenvards rode on 10 Archer6....d. th .. <'Slat\' of Goorg..no..-lllau. ~.•, of I~iehnlond. about Ml mil..s frOUl Singleton.nu-king about Ihin}" milK aIlO',;:",her for Ihat day. There h:ad I),"'n:l thunde~ sbo"-l"~ about one (I'clock QO Sun<b) at )ht»...c\lbn....k.\rhicb bum. hO\rl"Vl"r. but :I fe..- Ul;nlllC$, Ther,' ,,'a, anOlhcl'to-day of about a qll3rler oran bour. lo"-ards ,,'·eoing. "", h''3''':I'to ",et nl\1 completely, and to let all th... lilll;: r;11$ a-TUouing. It

• No... a AI"ul\)('r of ('<lUnei!.,. 6

204 lIISTOI1Y OF' NEW SOUTIl WAI.E8.

W3S nor fcll. how{'wr. :Il )Jr. nOWI1lUIl'~ house, nhhouSh olll}' 1'01'0miles disl:mt.

.. Wl'dn('klo,.. ~·o... 13. - Arr;,'cd :H Ill) hrolhcr'~ pbce at nun_mol'(" lO....llrdS e\"l·!ling. ancr anolher 101lt;' ride of aboul (on\,.fil·cmill$, mrllOI'$(! hll,·jng done his ",orl.: remarkabl)' 'l"ell, .

[1Ir. I.:lDf:"" t"5lnlC of Dunmono consists of about 2;,(;0 ac~ orfO)llT 5qu,1't' miles, of b.nd OD Pall{,~Il'1 1I'\,{'r. ,,-hich, in Iha. p;3n

of i,s rou~. i, n:l.Vigable for the I:Irgl'1il "c~ls : the :lUlI ... ial bnd011 ;15 b:toks ~;n~ of 11'1.. rid,es, descrilltion, and 11'11' indigenousTe~alion mOlt luxnri3D1. The C'OUrse of the ri ..('r being I'1lther(';1'('0;10111, it fomls the boumbr)' of the propen)' for fh'c miles.

Hutl\~r'l r.il"tr, into ...!lich the PallerSOD empties itself about IhteE'mi~ fnlber dO'll"D, forms the otber boundar,. for a sbon di laD~

from a point I'lt ...hich the t ...o ri.en approoch within 200 nrdsof C3ch Olber. and theD d;v...rge, forming a ptD;DSDI:t of -1100acll.'S of Ihe richest allu\·ial land. Ihe isthmu, being m,. brother'sbouudarl' towards the pen;Dsula. Th;s peninsula has formed,.bl'l'n a lake, and been COD\·...rtOO ;nlo solid bnd, ;n Ihe course ofsuccc$$iv~ age~, b,· Ihe deposits from both r;vers in Sl!asons of ;nun_d~tioll: for Ihe former proprietor of the peninsula hns told me thatin digging " well on the land lie had found quantilies of ... harredwood ~I a deplh of H;ne feet under the present surface, or aboutIhe pr"'5(!nl level of Ihe rivers. M)' brother', Prol>Cl'tJ' comprisesaooul 1500 aCT"l'1 of nllu\'ial land, inc1uoling Ihe drJ' beds of severallagtl<llll; Ihe res] being foresl or grnzing land. Under Ihe eom';cll)"l.tem of former )"l~ars, Mr. LaDg farmed prelll' eXlensi"el,', havingusual.l)' about 300 aetes under wheal, and emlllo, ing aboul forI,.conv'ct ~t\'an15 "ith a hired OTerseer. Now he lets I,;' land inliIIlall farml, of variollS sizes from 20 acres to 150 a...r" to a t!'­

pU~ble ftl't' emigl'llllt tenanl!')', ...110 eulth'Me grain ~nd otbera~ncu1tu.,1 ~rod~c... for Ihe S,.dney market....hi...h Ihe adnnlageof lileam DlI\·I~11<)ll enabl" Ih('m 10 do wilh great faeilit). Tbeland Il'Is ",,01,1)' i lb'· .n .1S."a" aeeord'ng: 10 the 5UP~ \":lIne. at~rom Itn 10 h,:enty sh,Umgs an :lC1'l:: of "early ttnt. The propen,.

, u a. POPUbllOll of about 300 _Is. h has a steam flour mill ofonnC('D.bor$e po...tr on Ib . b

al>'\ a fcboo':>l e r'Hr ank, a Pl'('Sb)·teriall ehureb,lilt school ilu~r the Na.ti?"al Hoard. Th~ lut lime I ,·is;too11Lt eMdtt' of" Suenl)""'" pupils, all of .... hom bUI thrce weR

.• ' "1 le t~na"lrr onlh~ propert).)rhundl') Nov 1<1 Ik· f

my r~lurll tu' I)u";",, ·-f lng r~ r~s~\.,j b,. a nighl's ren 3fter,Illi n",n,io,; fur 0 I re l'<)~' lll) VISII 10 SeCln~, 1 Itarted ngain1I10re, "'y l"rulllcr'. :.:g~~ J."u'·~~).IO tl,,, Muulling: n;'·~r. Dun-

a~, IS "lu~led ou Ihe tight bank of du~

TilE: IlUl'1Tlm AIIIl ll,\l'1l'1ING nIVlms. 205

J'aller<01l fliv~r. 0111' of tIL... I,rineipal tribulariu of the 1l1lnl~r.

The l'anereo", nOhrithstanding ils mOSI unp<)etieal alld furbiddingnallle....'hid, I a", ~ure ... ill he the '·er, ,letestatiOll of ererr fmurel\lIalml~~1I poet, i. an inlet<'S.ing and beau.if,,1 ri..er,throughout ilSenlire COUrst', ;an,1 i hto:ill and d~1' enough al Dunmore '0 ftoat:l;M'rent,._fOl'r. Crmocol IlIe riTC'f in a pUllt. and Ihcn rode aefOQthe counlr,.. abolll nine or leD mil(>ll, to )lossmall'l pIlnl. the eross·ing I'bce on Wilhan,'1 Rinr. anOlher of Ihe prineip:allributari~ of.lll! Humer. if II hOllld 1101 mther be considered tbe principal~I""m. for il is dceidl.,JI)· Ihe brg 1of Ibe Ih~. Thtl'\! is mueh.UuT;al bnd of lhe fil'$l qualit,. on Pa.llerson's Rirer, alld a COII<idff_

able exlent also. althouoh not 10 n'ueh. on the willum. The 10....countrr ever,..rhere al p.....ent looks bnuliful. and a IUJ[uriant",hrat erop is r:ll'icll,. whilening for ha....w.

., .'1,. brother bd accompanied III~ 10 llallyC:trry, lhe n!sidence ofhis father-ill-law, 11. Caswell, Escb II.N.• about lweh'e milet fromJ)unlllore; anti on slarlin~ al,laill for ~uoud. ;\Ir. Caswell proposetl10 aceompan,' me a felf lIlil~s lhrou:;h Ihe bush 10 plll me on the";:;hl toad; but he actllall)· sa~e me more Ihan eren U &-otebeo,,,o,. oft ....ent) miles, 10 1100ral. one of lhe principal Slalio"s ofIhe A",traliun ,,\!(rieulturul Comran), alld Ihe ~lii(lenee of Ihe]lre.ent eommi_.ioner, Mr. Ebswonh.

"I II"'S gratified :Lt o~TI';"g thal }lr. Caswel1 hall ueluall)' olonewhat I had so retentl,. before be~n recommending to <ltheN some·whal simibrl,· liil\lalcd. up Ihe coulllr,., ,·iz. eonstt"eled a damaero,;; the bed of a "alUr~1 lorl'\'nt or watercourse in front of hishou$('. for ,I,e I'("ention and pl'('s<:f>'alion of the surface wall,r ofIhe \·ieinil,.. It "-as quile full fron, Ihe bte mins. and formed abeautiful sheel of ..·al~r more Ihan 30 ft. deep al lhe 10l<er end.This praClice is likel) 10 become bClleral all o<'er t~ (:(&Ion,.-Irn('3.D ....hereTer il is Ilr:lelieable and nece~TJ'-at:l much t'arli.. rperiod Ih"n II1"nJ mighl ilna!:"ine. For I lran>ed :u D;onbrook afaCI of ...hieh 1 ....;llI not I'~viousl~' a...are, and ..-hi<,h eannOl fail 10gire ri>e 10 Ter,. know apl'....hensions. viz. lIuI tbe uud.. r­ground supply of ...ater il DlI" f;oiti"g in D",nJ Ioe:Ililil'$ in theinlerior, ;n ..bieh il had I'....,iowl~ been abundanl. .:\II'. Ihll. forexampi.·, informed ~, lhat D.bout "ightl"l!D ~-<'al"$ ago••hen he fiNtkU!ed al l);or.brook. he had olltaiueU an abundaut SUI'pl~ of ....alerfor his cstabliihmenl from a. ....... 11 16 ft. dee!'; but Ih.. iUPI,I,. ha,ingfailed al I..nglh, lhe lI'ell bad afterwat<.ls 10 be dee",,"nl; and tbisprocess had been eon.illufll from lim<, '0 .im<'. e<JW'Ciall,. ill ,,':b<)nsof drought, inson,nch thut the I""",,,nt depth or .h" well is 1101 k.slbau ~:! ft. And Ih'lI, il fi(:cm~, is quill' a generul ease in that I'Dr!

:200 lIISTOltY OF /'I'F.\\" SOUTII W,\I.ES,

of thc \'Ollnln', In ,liorl, Ihc GTllllcl llroblenl ill pl'y$ies (or Ihi~

emDllllloily.riil rcr), lloonl)' be, '110'" 10 seenre a COOl13nt and$uftieicnt surpl} of water for all thc pu~ o( man, e5p«ially inlleasons of droll;"t,'

,. The !:lnd througb ,..hieh thc ro;td from Ra)mond TClT:lcc­passes to tbe norll"ranl is gencrally of a "tr.1" indilT('~nt character,allhollsh remarkably welt walered-. After the finn fe ... mill"S, itbelongs exdllsirel)' to the AustTllIi:l.n Agricullm'al ('o""Janr. Onthe bank;; of the Kar\\:l Rh·cr. at Booral. there is l\ considerablecxtcnt of nI1l1\'ial land of the first quality. on which a few agricul.tural families, pl"ineill;lllr Sc:otch, are sellled as tenants of lhe COOl·pany; and the scenery altogether h(ls as much of the character of arich English laudscape as anrthiog I ha,'c ~n in the colony,)Jr. Eb;;1l"onh', cotlage is be:mtifull), situated on a oatuT;11 telT,lC(!orerlooking Ihc rirer and the c:ultirated land; aud en'rythingabout it indicatrs tbe residl"Dce of aD English gentleman of refinedta5le and in affluent circumstances.. In short, John Comp;my bn~n by no me:l115 nig~rdly in the :l('(;ommooatiou he has proridedfor his agents and c"uryU rfuffai,a in Auslralia. At the sametinle, there is nothing that could reasonably be objected to on thescore of e:<pendillll'C at Booral. ·We cnllc-d on the commissioner,whom wc found preparing to resign his office ond return to England.There is evident!)' sometbing wrong \rith the COmIXln)"s machineof government ot present, and things are rapidly tending towardsan entire revolutinn in this little illlptri.... in imperio.

.• The Companr'$ laud from Booralto Stroud, seven mil~s, con,sins of hill and dale, aod fonus '·er)' good grazing land, the KaTU:lRivtr winding along in a deep valley, and prt"5eoting but a "~rJ

limited e:'Hent nf allu\'ial land to tht left. Arrh'ed at Str'Oud alinle btfore suoset, after a ride for the da)'. whid. was reI")' hotthroughout, ofthiMy.nine miles. having still the same willing horseas Oil my journey to Scone.

"Friday. November IS.-Stroud: is decidedly one of the finest"iIIagea or inland towns in the colony; and if the sight of it shouldn~l euetly suffice to console the propridors at hOUle, nod.". the1".II~tlless of feding which so many annual announcements o( 110

d,v.d....d, or o( ollly rllte ptr cent. are likely to create it ... i11 doubt­~~ t~ alleviate 'hat (eeling considerablr; fo; wheo ~ple'sh.~ .....n~lly thrown away,:l.II Dot II little of the Compaoy's

• ,\ '. 1I0ruewhat eoraolstory to tbink that there is some-

- A n.ing ;nbnd "''''n t h J .Riven... Pnl'Ublion 31S~ a \ l' llllCtloo of the William Illd Hunter

•

TIlC Illi:>TF.R "-NO 3IA..'I':>ISG mn:ns, :207

thinll;worth lookin;! at to shoW' for it after 011. I.ikt tht ·Iangto....nt,' I\irt.:aldy; ~roo,d consist' of a ingle Itrttt: the houses. wbich"re IlrineilQlIy n(':lt rottages. being Ihro1l"n baek a eon$idernbltd;$tan«. On each sid..,. from thc lin" of TO:Id..... ith 1I0...cr gardtDSand $hrnl,ll(;ries in frout, lIis Honor tloe Superintendent n( PonI'hillil' "5<:<1 to 1',,11 the squatting station of M,$S Dr)'!;d:tle (an un_man-ied sister "r the bte Sir Willi~m Dr,·sd:t1c. treasurer of lhecitl' of Edinburgh, who hall cmigrated to dlllt di.trict $hoftlJ' aftcrits sculelll..,nt, :",,1 fixed herself ncar Geelons). the modcl s'luatfingst~tion of Port J'hillip, frolll the air of ne~tne5S and comfort itexhibited thro"C;hout, with a comparati\"ely slight tX~lIditure ofcapital. Scro",1 may, in like manner, be called the model ;nland10wo of Ne... South W"Ies. It r(cminded me ratber of a ;X.., ...

England tillagt, such a..s I h;lll1 5!"t'n in the States: of Conllfft;cut aud::IIllS9chuoMlS, tban of all English village. There is one ornament,ho_e'·er. ofwhicb the Amcrkans ne very fond ....hich it ...ants,I m("an a ro"" of umbra~s trees on each side of Ihe wide road nest~t in front of the !itlle g;tnlen fenl'l"! by which the differtntallotmet1ls arc bounded. This is one of the mon intereSting feature,o( ,\meriean c;"ili.ation. ami sa"\: me a high idea of the real refine­ment of the people. In the Northern Statcs, the trees planted inthis way ~l'e (;"cuer~llr plane trees, oaks. or elms; in North andSouth C~rolilla, "'here Ih" climate is C:Ollsidcr~bly hotler. like thatof this colou)', the pride of In,lia is the tr« usuall,. employed forthis pUTJIOll'C.- nut in our inlaud tOwDS_ ....itb $neh wisdom tbeAu,lralian ...orld is gorernctl! _ there is no room left evl"ll foc theplanting of a ro'" of trees on each side of tht principal sll'ftt!There is not even an inch of grouDlt left :a.ny_beN, in our iubodto",ns. for a poblic S'Juare; I pl'(':Sume. lest .• tbe mob" sbouldeoo{;"N"gllte oetasiollall)' in such 1)la~s, Ilud pass disagtffable "'so­lutions abou, the POII"crs th"t ht.

" Th\:re is n eonsiderable extent of good agricultural land int},e ncighbonrhood of Stro"d ; and one of Ihe thieke~t seamt ofcoal in lh\: COIOIlY c''Op' out a few miles disl:lllt. 'l'his seaUl orstrntnnl is said to be thirtJ"·r,v" f~l'c ill thielwess- fiLl! the site QC

the 10"'" ha' "ot lI..'Cn judiciousJ,. chosen ancr all, and in the e~ellt

of the Company', el;llenditul'\! on it being-discontinued Ihortly.....hiehis not improbable. t!>e.... is lIothing to k....p it up. Indeed, "'ithOlltallllding to the Companr at all. Colonial GoverOlnent ineapac;t)· iin nUlbing ,nore conspicuous Ihan in Ihe sites of to"'D~ CUl"dit3and dishonttily combined, On tbe part of f'CO!,lc in po...er. ha" ..

• The Wbite cedar, M~/iu .1~(d"Nd•.

'208 lllSTom- O~' NEW SOUTll WALl,S.

doubtl~ss h~(l Si>methil1g to:> (1(> with it ;11 '~Qt n 'f~\\' instnll('~s; 1I,c

I'"hl;c iUll'n'S! h""iuB' hl"''' frf~"Cnll.r s~cnfic('d IQ bendil So nudSo. Esq., of $" au<i So, ,I. P., who has hud " fl"lcnd ill the "ight

place.'" HOOc fro'" Slrond to GloHecslcl', OI1C of the Compull)"s agricul_

tural ;",,j grazing stations, Illirlr miles distnul, 0"")' " sood past•.wn]COUOII"', of hill and <laic, anl\ reu'nrknhlr wdl W"IHcll. I saw itdOllbll~ss in its ,-crr b.·~l stOic, fur Ill<' season has been j)<,cllli'll'!rfnNllrablc. GlouceSter is onc Qf the best sit<>s for an inland townJ 1o",'c S<'('1l in the colony; nud if (he ro:,d 10 :111(\ from New England

shonl<ltnh this pal"lien]"r direction, lIS it is supposed likel). to do,nl lenst 10,\' the Compan}"s SNvalltS, it would soon bl.'comc a place ofsom~ importance. A raogc of pictnrl.'squc monntains, call1.'11 b}' thl.'aborigines Th., .llllccans, of aoout )200 fCel in lwight, bOllnds thehorizOIl to the wesnraJ'd. l\!ong the base of these mountains, the riverGloncestl.'r wends its ,-rar to the northward, leal'ing a large extentof nllll"iallaud on its right t>.1nk, which the Compauy has cleared

(lud brought into culti"ation; the site of the buildings that form thcsta~ion, inclUding a house of aCCOllllllod'lIion for tra l'eHers, beillg ona Tls,ng ground 10 the eastward of the allul'ial tlats. 11 is altogl.'thel'a \x>autiful spot in the wilderness, and thel'C an; man}' such on theCompau(s estale,

'~Salurday, Nol', 16.-Slarted at eight, witb a mounted aboriginaloall\"e for ml' guide for the fil"t ten miles; for whose seniccs inthal capaCity.,' had beeu i~debted 10 the good offices of Mr. Darb}',the Comp.an} S o\'crsel.'r 01 stock .11 Gloueesler, to wholU I had had

~:ote of mtroouetion from a mutual fl'Lend, Dr. Douglas, at Slroud.e counlry for tbe first Il.'n miles is pretty much of the same

character as that which I had passed O"el' on the prcI'ioll$ da}'b~III'een SU'O}ud and GI()ucestl.'l' - hill and dale with occasional fl(l1S

~nd good pa~lure. On this part of thc route Ihe BaJ'rio<>tOll RiverIS crossed t'\"Iee. It contaius a I· hod ~to} thc s(lddl . h ,.alge y of water, rcaeh,ng neady

;on ~ise;t~n ~L:lr~,~:n~~i:::~,s :~:~,t~';~~~~a~~~"~~~ s~~:~:csJJoat~::~:~an~ s "'el". it tlows along the base of Ib., I'an ....c called then:~~ans, to tll.e w~slwal'd, and receives t.he Gloucestc; river at Ihe

r Jern lennmatlon of thal rp.nj"'s station S 'Ill all?e, a 1Il1le or 'wo bdow the COl1l­anti (m all 11 ' ~' ower down It is joined by the JlOII'Olan Hi"er'

lese l'IVers I ascertained that Ihere was a considerable:

• .'I'he VOI,uhtion of the towns On .lI11neUlttn'al (:ell"]!a,,y is llot .i .. tlle property of the Anstralian'''OSOll, 1,j" no\ know. g n" III the I'ee""t census; fOl' what

Ttn; IIUI\"TEP. ,\';1) .'tANI\"ING ntv!·:ns. 209

alth"n:;h by 110 lllca,,~ a large, e~tl.'nl of anllviallan<1. well adaptedI:,r ,I,c ~cttlcn,,,nt ,,1' an ,,~riellltlll',,1 popnlation. The n"rringlon is"ne (,I' the IH"ine'l'al lrihnt"l'ies of lhe Manning. It is always run_ning. allhough snhjcc', likc ,,11 l\<Istralian rivcrs,lo occasionalO<><.Xls. 'I'h" hla<:kfcl\n,," tol\1 "'e th"l the native n:tme, either of it"1' of l1'e GI"ncester (for I co,oId lIot ,,,,eertai,, which he meant) wa.~

Wiunek, a,,<1 tllat of Ihe :\I"nlling, nrne)"-gangallinha. n~t r couldnQI ase~r(ain afterwards that the natives of Ihe lIhn,,;ng districtkn~\\' the riyer i>}' that tl"me, and was lold they had various namesfor it at (litTcrent parts of its eOnr$e.

"Afler ero>si"g the Ib...ingtQn a second time we moot two black­f<'1lo\\'s on foot, and ~ht>l"llr afterwanl.'i :t third, a sen'ant of IheCompanr, on horseback. From the two pedestrians, Waur, myguide, aseerla;ned Ihat IhNC had been a fight amQng the aborigiuesOn thc :'la'llling Hi,'er, Ln which one man had been killed, Indeserihing the fray. and tspcciallr the ",ultilude of spears that hadbeen IhrO\\'l1 upon the oce:tsion, Ih" bla~kfrllo\l" was particularlyelOllucnl, illuSlrating his 1111l"rali"<"l b)' pointing wilh his own spearin all dir~~lions, and using as much gestieulalion as a Frenchman,"'allJ' infonne(\ mc, after we hao. left them, Ihat bolh the horsemanand the two pedestrians were 10 w:tit for hill} ou his return, as hewished .. 10 1I.:ar the news:' They arc a "cry social people, aslInlike Ihe American I"diaos as possible,

" Watt}' had searcel}' tuken leave of mc, at the ten miles statioo,t" return to GloueestH, when it began to rain in righl earnest, andI was ,"ery soon completely drcnchc•.!. The road also, from thi$point, Wa$ one of the WOl"St ( had. ever Iranlled in the colony;with stecp ascents approo.ehiug almost to the perpendicular, and thep"th oc<'asionally .."",ing aloug the face of I'rl'eipitous hills, withthe ril"Cr, which has again 10 be cros~cd twice iu this vart of theroutc, llowiug deep and bl'oo.d at their tmse. Thl.' rain had al$olllade the clay soil so slippt'I"Y Ihal I fouud it dangerous to walk"1'1'1.'1, as a single false slep mi;;:ht have p"ecipitaled me into the ri"er;and J h:td fre'lucntlJ' to sera,,,bl,, aloug lhe bl.'st way I could 00 myhan(\s and fcet, dragging Ulr h01"$e behiud Illl.'. lu short, it is amiserable roo.d ,'u wet u·c,tI/'er, and I was h~al'tily glad when I foundI had c1car~d the l:lst hill, and got down, although wel and wear)",into Ihe I'a\le)' of the- .\launing.

"The l\lauuillg, in the upper part of ilS <'"ours,', forms Ih~ OOuo­<larr of Ihe Agrieultllnol Company's cstate in this p:t"l of th~ t~ro'i_

101')"; and thao'e is douhtless a consi,lcl'able c~tent of aJlu,'ial bnd.within that bO\lud~r)", "5 w~1l as on th,' llarl"ingt ..", ami iu ,",-'"_!luents, ol'ailabl,' for Ihe sellkllJ~nt of "" iUII\lSlriou, l'opul.'li"".

210 1l1$TOI:Y (IF XI;W .~nIlTll 1r.\I.r.~.

H"t 11,,, \\ h~le ('Xf,'nt "rll.'" b'~d III r",· "'''lli,-oti,''~ nIl Ihe ('n"'I,.111)'e.st~I<' nr .U".flo" ~''1"'''. ,n tl'" I,,,r, "I' 11", ho'·"""")'. i< ("""I""''',1)\",,1., ""'.' ~,n:oll. ,\n,I.", "I"" j.ll", .'~Ienl ""'n "I' g-"nd 1':'''''1'"I~ud-f.)r I "",kr,I""ll I ',:,,1 ~,.{,,, 11,,· 1...<1 of i1 : lhe .'I,'ril" ;",d""""Ihl,,.~ '1',~lil) g-r,'~t1.1 I'f{',I"",in~ling, <"IO(""i"II.,· I()wanl. 1h"eO"_'I.

.. ~hdik{' lloe 11",,1(0,'. till: .'I1:l1luiug ,I ... ,·;,..,s i18 s"l'pli('8 fw'n ]'C.femu:,1 , ..",,','S :""''''~ ll'e tu""nlai",, of N"w E"gln,,,l, ~",l Ihere_1''';:(' I)<'\",;f f"i!_<. 1':"0'" ,he g"{'~l ".~I,·,,1 "I' it< ill')' -<hinSI)' b"d, it is("'"Io·IIII.I' s"I'),·... I. Ioke'lllo~t i\".lr"li~n ri"('r" 10 <'X'e".~i,',· i"u",Ja.~'O'l~. ~n,1 ,"'~'~I throl\" :IIl imt"ens,· h(>(l)' of wakr 011 th,'se c~:easions'''lolhe J " ... Itie. I "I·o.<~,',l il "1 " lord whid, I e:lsHr fOUlld, "ndIh,'u "~I,, (l,,"'n 1'''1'11.\' ,hr,,"gh a lhick brush On ils Jeft b,,"k (or"bo'~1 1110 mlles. tl) Ih" hous,; of Mr. Jos"l'h :\wln'ws, wh";'e Iree('l\'ed" "el',' ..."r,li,,1 ",,'Ieome the rid,· ii'nm GJollec~ter h .I' . -,' , "\'InS'\je" 1\1·euly_two.m,ld. )11'. Alldl'ew~ had come out 10 Ibe cololl •

nuder '''y ~"I:"I'l1llelHleo<'e, as " sehooltn~stel', in the S'HUe "ess;l~Tltlt Mr. llob'~'80n: <Jf Singlelou, in the re"r 1837. He h"d "eledIII 'hat ('~J"'''''l)' ~or s""e~1 )""~I'S in Sydn"y, "nd ~fkr\l":lfds at~un",ol·e. III leacl"ng a school on 111)' brothel"s property; bUI h",'.;ns 1'\"'clt:l~I, "t (I cOlllpar:lliYdy low price, the properlY on whieh,e now re."des~(In eSlate of 750 (Iel'es wilh a good hOIl~c 011 il "n(l

~~h~r .-alhU~~ljC llll~)fO"eWeuls_hcis now onc o( the residellt j)ro]);'ie­...~: on I. e " a~lI,ng,

forll~a:'~i~,';::~:eln e~~o letters from S.l'dney 10 Mr. Andrews. in.would ;rcach at . ~ccled 10, rc"ch the iH~nnillg on Ihe Hah, alld

h,d int.-ndcd, ir :~: :~~~:rs~~:blesl.atiollS on the following day, IMr. A.'s I,laee in good tim conllllucd fine, and I h"d re"ehedridden dowlI Ihe ri"er in ~ to ;aWJ borro'll"cd another horse andmiles 10 where I h d dIe a lernoon olher eighteen 01' Iwenty

, a lln erstood the pop] .trated. But Mr A d u Ulton was more COllcen·bOlh o( whie~ i ~ re,"".S h~d ne"er recei"cd eilher o( llly letters

. ascer,amcd !>c(ore le' I 'lying safe in the poSI office", Po,.t Ma a"IIl~: le ri"('r, were Ihenlherefore,oi'lllyeOnling bad be . cqllart('. As no inlimation,I had had en~ugh of't ~ en gIven; as 1 found, lUoreo"el', th"tuud~l' tOl1'eU1S of . ' or olle day "fier crossing the moulllains

ra'n; nud as the . '11under ~It-. A.'s h01lpitatole r . ra,u Sll COlllinued, 1 remained

"8""uay Nov 17 G ooftllllhc (oUowillS morniug.Mr. AUurc,,"s fo~ R~~l\ ~I n fresh horse, and started early withthere is a eonsiuerable ;T;s~o~'a'.'b the moulb o( the ri~er, where

• ,. )ler'an population from Scollanu and

N'n~ty n,iles farther north h .• av'ng beeu (orwol'de<\ b)' se".

'rlll: III ~TI:r: ,\SI' \1'\;'1;.11;;0 H1VIm,!<. 211

th,' "">'110 "I' 1,·d~",1. Th ... ""l\"l'l~I;"n 'm 11,,· al1",'i"ll;1n,1 On the1o.",L~ ..r 110.' ,.iv,·r i. '''1'",10, n,,<1 I ll:l' 1,:,1'1')' t.. I,,:,,'n it i. ellsil)',·1,-;.... ·01 .,,,,1 10"1'",01 "II', cr""p,,,·,,l with the 1"10",,, ~ll(l en~t"f dear.i"" ~,,,,;I.,r bnd "n Ill<" II"nh'r. 'I'I,,-r,· is n" en,L1e's variety of""" 1',,' "1""'1""" ,,,,,I 1'" ..."i.i".,1 I,I~"I" ~,,,I Ihe nd1le-tree "bo"ndsill th .. Iloi ... 1. 10'·",1,.· .. , ~"oJ i\"r",\S tu :In i,,,,,,,,n'\O 8;7.0. 1\ i$ ea~i1y

,1.,,11''')''01, 10"11',,,·,·1'. 'l'l i"l"rin,' h"i"1 'I"il" ""ft :I"'l f""go,,!.1',.,,,,,.llhe ri",,'" ,,,il,, "r Iw<> 1",lnw .'Ir. 1\.·•. ",,,l.tr"ek inlulbe

"pen f"re't "" th,' "pI""i,,· hi.l<-, I" c"l "If "S""~l ben,1 ..hid, lhe",ver Inhs I.. 'he Idt. 11."111,,.. tf,(.,rq.:" th" plc","re 1 "nli"il'~ICd

in 1,,11""';"1; Ihe "i",-r d"" ", wfoie]' i"oI,·.'d i< "'arccly l,raClicalJlc.",Ht"I'" "i'l" of "ightecn ",;1,·,. r""cl"',l 11'0 bo"s" "I'" hibhly

iutc1ligellt :In,1 reSpect"hl .. !\\'IlI"I" f,'''''' Ihe j\O',rlh 01' Seotl:""I, wh"w\\'ife-:, ""omull "f ~up~ri,.r cd"e"ti"n :"Hl l"'c"liarly <'llJ>;.gingmallnas ~,ul di'po'iti',,,, wh,) 1 le:'rned had h<:cn un;,·"rsaJly"'lcemed in the di,trict_haol Sh<>Tlly ltefnre cO)",n';lted s"jddeduring" l'~r"XYSlll {,f l'""rpcr;d i",,,nitr, I"",-;ng h"r uo(ortunatehush,,"d with" f"mily uf ""0 chil,lren in tXlr<:n,,, desolation. Ex_peered to h",'o crOSScd the ri"er in a bo~t at Ihis 10Clllill', and Iheocros<inS" ~n isthmus 011 fOol, whero it swe~l's ro"",1 " peoimml"with a long cirenitous eours<:', 10 have gODt down 10 Rcdloank hywaleI'; hilt unetrla;nt;.. "s to whcrhel' we should find a boat "I theI'h'ce whero we should have wanted it, i"uuced us 10 JI"rform lher;,st o( lhe journey. "bo"t Iwrl"c miles toy land, "Iso Oil hors.:baek.It WaS ~ "ery disagrcl:able ri'.le, for it rained he""il)", aud I SOOIl gotcompletely drenehed once morc. .\ly I"cecption "t Hcdbank, wher,·,(1'0111 Ihe cireum~laueo J h,,"e mentioned, my visit had nO)t betncxp,;{'t"d, was gmlif.l'iog in Ihe higheS! degree. I look up m.,'abode ,,1 lhe house of -'Ir. &utuel Gibson. a respectable P ....sbr­lcrian gelllcr from the norlh of lrel"nd, who hall b<-en six year~ onIhe '-'bnning, ami waS f:\I'millg upwards of 10(1 ocres of IIlC ri"he~t

:dln"i"l bnd. which ho h~d l'"rchlUlcd 011 its hank. Tbe u~u"J bushrare w"s immNli:lkly :,'Ot "Ndr, and a l:ltge til"e, ",bidl sp('i'dilyblale(l 0)11 Ill" he:lrlh, ,ras nol more n"ce~sar,· to d'T our babilimcnts,lhan il was ffom lhe cold o( lbe dar. I "fICI'''-ards found that Ihe11th h:ld b<-en "n llnusaallr cold dar for lhe seasou of the ye:lr allo"el" lbe colon)'. Pre"che,1 iu the ",.enillg 10 a eongregalioo h"Slil)'assembbJ, hnt consisting aln,ost exchl<il'elyof Scoleb and north o(Ircl"nd Prosbylerian. seHled on Ih" aoljoining f"rnls.

"il10no1,,)', No,.. 18._ The rain all bone, aull Ihe wealb(", de.lighlful. l"'eached og:l,n, "t nin" ,l. ,,-, Ill" coogr~ga!ioncon~ide\"."bl)" more numerons lhan lhat of tb~ preceding ewni"g. Al th,'close of the service. succeeded in makiog lhl: r~qui"ile aJ"l"ang~llJ~Ul;;

for lloe in,mr<!i:1lc ~ltlem''fll of:1 Precbfl'" ian ",inist"r in lJ,c "I~n_

ningdislrirt, ,,-hieh 1,:>,II>t'<'nthe Ilri""'I'al ol>jN'1 of",)' \';~il. Thepeople (If llffik!nk_h''''ing j",t gO! a ~c1'ooJ",n.t"r (ro,,, home,'rho, r W:lS hnl','r h> find, w:>s g;"inS thel11 gr"nl .:>Ii.«:leli",,_ ,,"cri)buildiujl; hi", n s"bstnllti"l seloooll",u<o of ""<'nl.l'·si,; b)' f;fteen feN,,..hich ",as 1I1so to ~r,." as a tl'U't'oraTr I"ace of woTshil>, th(' sc],oolIx'ing under Ihe lknominlllional lloard. The n"mbo.-r of scholars..-:\S llln!td~ up..ards of Ihir/r. Ilold lilt' 1,,",,01,1... Iht')' mll$l-.expt'Ct10 be.- pul undt'r the ~:lliOD:l1 Board afwr U(')(I ~·ear. 10 ".hi<-b Iheyst"Cmro lJuile N"Ii{1nfd. Thert'".ilI be eomllaralinl)' liule difficultyin cfrceli"g s"ch II tronsformat;oll,:ls f:lr al II':lSI as Ih" Preib"lcrianschools oflhe colon)' art' couccrnc,l.

., lino;!crolao,ling Ihat there load been some exeitemeUl in thlldislricl on lhe subjl'<'t or Ih(' culli'fation of COllon. and that one or1"0 Imlprit'lors of considerable lroCls of land, in panicular Mr.Altinson. had ~n f('('omml'nding it to Ibeir Ifnanls. I had an­noonCf'd, my intenlion to deli'fer a I~turt' on tbe subj~1 in tberoufW of Ihis day al TahTff. a cenlnl Ioc:alitr about Il'fe miles upIhe ri'fer b)' ",ater; and I learned a~Ordingl)' in the course of tI,elOoming, tbat a good man)' of tbe Rl'dbank people were going upto allend it. To sa\'{' thom thi8 trouble and inconvenience, bow­e'fer, I proposed 10 ddi'fer the leeture, as far ll.'I they were con_cerned, on Ibe spot, whieh was eheeriul1)' acceded 10, and I did 10

;l.eeordingl)·. It is a noble count')' for that sPfiil'll of enllir.uion ;and as Mr. Gibson.·, whe:u crop bad ~u dl'lllro)'ed b)' l'11lit, whichbad CUI it off afler the late nins, I took occUlon to show bow muchlen prff:lrious a cotton crop ...as likely to prove in that elimaletb.an,wheal, a~d bo... mueh more profitable. The Manning is justlI"ubm I~,e !lnttr-second degree of liOUlh lalilude, p~eisely in Ihesame lal1lnde as lhat of Cbarle51on, in South Carolina one of theprincipal couon-gro'll'ing stales of America, in the o;posile henli­sphere.. :rhe Red.bank people e:s:preued themselves much gratifiedat, Ill): VIl'I-, '~d at the lillle effon I had Ibutl made to suppl), tbew..,t~ mfonna\Ion on a subjecl (IQ whieh tbey ".ere all appan-ollyallJla~ to oblllin il. ?Ilr. Aodre",s and !lr. M'Lean (anotherfe~lo,,'-tra"el1erfor the last twelve miles), ha"ing to return by bud""tb Ihe borsts, I WlllI rowed up the river ill a boat to 'I'ahl'ee byoneoflheRedbank 'I 11 '. '

hse t ers, a ta ,8tout, lltelligent farmer frOIl tbe

nOI1 or Ireland... The Mannin, is a no" . . h

I ,~e rIver ,n t e lower part of its course andatu _fid..1I tbfl"t' . ,

'''slit, f... ..>. . UI I. '.'"'uch grtatu utent of land of the first. -. e""U'fRtlO" (IQ 11$ ba"k .

Inbut.arit'S, u ..ell u on lhe ..la ... and On .thO&<! of Its numeroWlndI to...arda III tno\llh, than tbere ill

"l!(>J:;dl,er Oil Ihe Il"nter. PalleTfOn. ao,l William Rivers. It iana>·ig:lMc i,hnm the "'",e distaMc inland as these rivers; h"t 'herei~ tl,i~ gre"l ,liflcr~"re tl<.'tw~~n the 1"'0 district~, Ihat ,,'hcr~:u alnrgc I'rOIH,rlion of lh~ Innd on the Ilunler, towntth the C!':lSt, 15comr~tralivcJ)' w"rlldc", the good land "n lhe Maoning e:tltoM10 Ihe very head•. and is almn.. all within TCarh of lIc:lm navi.g:llion. In ,horl, il is '1ulle l(naec<>"nlahle lhl a distriel of '''chsuperior agri.."hu",1 cal'al.tililin should ha'fe remained for 50 1oll;a per~ coml>3rali'f..ly ,,".no..·o. To Il$t' the laogtlage of the~Ioon in 'h" fahl......hen, romplaining Il> lh... su" Ihal he loo.l'Ii 10d"lI and ..h(....rles~ a' h"r ""ring a" eclipse, ~he obser\'.-d lhat itwas lI'at dirly planet tl'e I":arlh t1,~t had got 1Ie,""een them; I prc­~umc it ia the A:;ric"ltllfal Com]!a,,)", eSlalc that h3S hilherto gotbelween Ihe Manning <lod tht 5\!llJl~1 dislricls of lbe colony gene.rallr. :lnd Pl'1'woleU lhe colt\tli$U from recogoiaing Ihe superiorcap;>bililiu of that inlponant dislricl.

.. The i\lanniog has two enlranl:'t'5, ;I &1JUlhcro and ;l. nonhern,Ihe 1"'0 chanol'l. being separaled by O.. ley and Mitchell Islands,".hich asain 3re soeparated rrom l'Ich otber tor a navigable channel;Mltchcll hland bo1ing towards the oc:ean, and O:dey Island inland,The soulhern I'ntranee, however, has for some time past been filledup, anti lhe northern chanoel is of course lhe only ooe used. Thereis a bar at ils mouth, l>I in most Auslnolian rivers; bul tht bar, IW;1.5 informed, W"ould prove but a eompan'i'fely .light ob6tacle inthe ...a)' of Sleam na,"ig:uion, all il is more pnoclieable at prewlltthan thl.l of almOSl any other hnftd riwr 011 Ibis M:I$1:, Redbaokis opposile Oxley Island 10 the toulhW"ard, and is only about five orsilt miles from the 1(>"llIerll enlrance. There is much laod of lbefirst (t"olit)' III this "icillity, as '1'<,11 as Oil all lhe islands, fOT lh~re

are others, btsides thOfC I ba"e IlIcnllooed, higher "p. lIr..'\11<;0­

lOO', ..slate of 1$.000 acres. formerl)' Ihe property of Harl Daries.Esq.• i\1.P., is on Ihe north..rn channel, oppo$ile Orle)"s bland. Itis ealled by its uallve name, Candle Cundle. .lb. A. has alrndyformfd a small agrieuJlunl RUlemeOI Upoll il. hlr.e that of Red­bant, and has had lh "late sur"eyed and laid oll" rec~nd~' i" 'lDlallfarm&. 1'her~ is alllhe difr~rt'nce in .~ yorJd, howe'·.. r, boH....et.'nthe condillon of sm~11 farmers, sellJc<1 Oil Ih";r Own J.. nd. lik~ lloelleople :il Rcdb:ink, and a mere lenano." su~h as illr. AtkillsonpropoSl'1 10 form. ,\"d il is one of the most gr:>lifJin~ ~i~"",.

st:llIces im:lginable io Ihe ca.se of lhe Manoing di!lricl, Ihac Ih('re iJSliJl a large exlCllt of lan<1 of lbe first lJualllY on Ihal rin'r iu Ihehamls of tbe Go~ernnlent, ...hich I1 at P!'l'Sellt in the rou .....· 01

Rllleroent by swall proprielOrs from other pariS of lh.' cok>,,),

:!/:? IlI:;TOI:,' OF /n:\\' ~UTII WAU.:g, TIll; HI "TU: ":'11> ~IA:S:'lI~G JlI\'F..RS. 213

~H lIISTonY OF Kt:W roUTIJ ,,",\1.1:5.

cllicll) from 1Iunter', ni-·er. )11'. G!~n, of n('(lb~nk: felicit~'cllllilusc1f uot ~ liltk. in connl·.ing Wllh me ()~I 'he sul!J,·ct. on thecircumSI~nC('nf 1lt'il\~ n" longcr a 'ell~nt; WIHCh. howcvcr. he hnllbeen f,)I' lib. rl'3l'l1 aOcr his aTTi"nl in tbe c~'o~~' ~I JI.111t('r'$ Ili"er,If" mnn unnof &:1r of 'his ('OUnl~', .. Thu; 1$ Ill)' o...n, llIJ 11:lIi1"eland." lel billl ot lcn~1 be nblc to S:1r of (l fc ... ncres of Ihc best ofil 1(,8~ or nlOre, " This i~ Ill)' ..."'n, lllr l'ur;.·hnsct! land:' I hC~1X1 ofnot (c,,"cr Ihal' uiuelccll f~l\liliC$ of this class thal wel'<' c"l)(.,<,Icd tosenl... al ,he )lanninl; nOcr harns!. )\ larJ;c proportion 6f tileSl'f:1milil'$. as ...cll:as of Ihe prtRllt popub,ion of til... district ;::enf.'T.lll)·,consisls of t'llIigTlDlS from &otl:l1ld :md Ihc north of Ird:lUd. Inshort, thcre ~re few districts in thc colony of which Ihe ropnbtioopTOllliS<'sto be of 50 p«uli~rIr h('~1thy ~ chornclcl'-I lllcnn sO('iall,-,politically, aod lnor:lll}' -liS thnt of the lInnning RiveT.

.. Arriwd at T:lh~. furnlerly Ihe propeny of W. W}'III...r, Esq.,n.K.. no'" Ihat of his $OIl·in.la..., - fl"'ll, Esq., abont t...-o ".)1..nOO :Inn dioing ",ith )lr. "'rntCT aod his famil)', dtli,,('retl n h.'('.lurc or ndurc5s on cotton cuhh':lt;on in a neat schoolhollse recentlyer<'eted in Ihe "icinitr of lIIr. W~-ntn's rcsidcnec. Thc noticebad been Vl'Ty short, and tht" Redbank peol'l~ .......re absent for Ib~

n>a~n 1 haTe mwtioned, but Ih~ atlend:lnee ".205 " ...rJ fllir notwith­"aoding.

"The estate of Tahree, consisting of 2,~GO acres, or fOllr sqllat·cwiles, forms a pcnillsuln, ooulldcd on three sides by the l·i,'cr. Itconsim almost exclusivel)' ofalh.villllaod of the first qU:l1it~·, thieU,.wooded. Mr. W"oler', h~ U on :I n:ltural terr.u:e t01\"ards theiilhm~ and Ibe vie... from il OVtr tbe cleartd land. the noble rh·er,n.nd t~ d~ foresl &1o...1y disappc:lring undcr the a:l:e ofci,·iliu.non, 's dccldedlr olle ur Ihc finest in thcse colonics. In the lowe\'~arl .of;15 course, thc rivt\' is geucrall,. from a quarter to half.a.mileIII "'idth, :lOO the land ill tht" ,Uuvi:!1 liats on ill banks is of sur·p~in! fenilit,.. When I 'bted, DD the aUlhorily of 3.lr. BuekD(!ll,o~ Kc".to..-o, that four acres in COtton, at Iht" mte of produce he Iladblm~lf r~alized, ,>ould be 511fficknt to maintain nu industl'iousf.Olll)", Mr. Fletl told "le lhat hc had himself caleuhted that I'VO

11'':' or 600dcd land on tl,e ~lanning "'ould be sufficieot for thl'm~ntenallceof a familr-Ih:tt he hid himself leen Ihe produce ofInlUU 011 lhe river aCluall)' mensured at Ihe mte of 100 bushd$ nnacre 7.lhat ""0 crops could be rcaped in ti,e )"car _ ao(1 that nn,'concc'\aIJle amOunl of food ~ .. .be nlu.e<l C'Cll 011 Ihal i . C;; man, ami 101' pigs and poultr)' couldfamily If hI' _ . lUa Cll:tellt of gro"nd b)' nn industriousam c~6dt t .t t~ 1"lI-t'0l1 of eOllon lloO<l\d b.:eOllle gencml a$ I

lit It .'111, I 5iog\.., l"la\'li,bmcDl, al $Ome l'..,lltr.1 'point,

Till: UliNTI;F: A:'iD J.tANKt:'\O nl\'Ul". 215

lik,' Tnhrec, wo"l,] I>(> sumdvnt rOI' chmning 311d fiuing fllr theUl:lrktt th" l'rQ\lue" nf thv wbole ,'istrict, by m~a"s of " ~Ill:l11

l>t.~~Ill,·r to run to an,l fro OIl thc ri ...~r. Thcre is no doubt ..hltlCTerIhal.•i,h it. 1"3'i1 nat"ral 1'tSOUrccs. tI'e )[anning ... ill, at uo dis­

laut llt<nod. Ioe onc or th" ..."ahhi..,,,- disrrietli of tlLe colon)', audformth" seal "fa dVllse IIOIHlJ:.lio".

.. The (:"vvrnrnvut ha< I",en $lI·anSel,. neglcctful of this ,lislrict.It ha. no ll(ll;t ...,mc.·, an,1 I"ucl'll thrccted 10 the .Manning :Ire :ItIlrt~nt for"'an1e,J 10 I'on )l;:u"/u:>ri(,, lOOn' thall (:ight)' ruiln(",·ther, .·heTl" dle' Illay lie for ........,'" N n"n mOllths. A 1\"('('kl)'I_t frolll Stro"d "ould be kept "I' al n co'"par~ti"clr .mnll cx.[>Cllse, nnd would pro"" nf i"calcul:'lJle bendi, to the disll"ict.~

Wheth"r it has cvcn a sillgle constabl" or not n. )"et, I did notlcarn.

"TIll"WJ, No... I~.-)Ir. Fklt, ...ho i5:t nali~ of C:tithoeliS, inScotland, and who I,u .. fin.." healthy J\uslrali:ln family growing uparound him, walkcd with me in Ihe morning across the iSlhmu$ 10

where :\11'. Andre,rs was to 'ueet lIIe Wilh a boat on tbe QPllOsitc.idt of the l~nillsul;L )Ir. Flelt also v(:ry hand$QD1Cly promised:lceDlumndalion in a "acanl cotl3ge OIl- his CSl:lt~ for tbe IQinislerand hi$ famil)" ...hom I h:ld :lrr:onged to SCfId up to the district. Tb'"sit"n1ion is pecoliarly eligibl(: for !iuch a purpose, from its being'

eentl~,l. ooth for the Upper and for lloe Lo,rer il!anning. J w~s

much gr~llili(.'I1 at Ioa"ing sueceed"d in Ihi~ minor arr,1ogelllcut. Oneroso.ing Ill.: l'i"er "',, 3-liCt:uded what is called a CT<'t"k. bu.t mOU;Iun'lueilioDabl, ha,'" bet-n th.: ri....r i~lf al some tarli"r ~riod ;:I pl!nin.ula of aUu"ial bnd, ,,-hicb il (om,....ilh thc n\'er, bayinge"idvmly "''ell nn i.land, nnd lJoe.co united wilh the lnainland bywhat bl"Olher Jonalhllll calls a t'II/1 of fallen li",b,·r blocking' uponc of the ch:ulllel. in a lime of t1oool. Vne of the di..tinguithicgfeatut("'S of the 113'oniog U the llumber of <:~ks N rivulets 110""ins into it, on nl<)fl or ...hkh, as 011 Diugo, &1.>0, Ind BurnllC,.,ek5, th..,rt is a greater Of' le" ...xttnt of IUu,·j:a.! laD,J tit jorselll~Dlclll.

.. nod~ up with Mr. Audl.... ws. ami 311'. 31'l.can to Mr. Andr~",s'

holUl', l."igbteen mi!u, arri,-ing about 1l0011. Tbe", allvr balting rQraa hour, woonted 111)" o.-n hotS!' :lgain and ,.,"""'''' thl." T\.1Q,J OX"

rathtr l)eateo path to Cloul."\"$l"r, 1fr. And", ..., Si"iug me:l f"rtlo~r

000\'0)' ofa fvll' 1I1il,"$. Towards e\'Clliug, wheu I had done ""'arl,.fort)' mill's, and wll5 gelling ra' her til'c'd, :lu<1 riding with a sLid,

• Thcre i. a diTl1'Ct po$(al tOUlWllDic-:tliun "ith S.,dnl·~ nu...

216 mSTORY OF NEW SOUTII WA.LES.

rein, I wns suddenly arouse<! (rom a reverie into wllich , had fallellat the moment b,. the fall of Ill)' horse. Ill' hnd been trottinggtotlJ do.... n a 1'cr)' slisht dl'<:li,.i'J, and I :,,"lIS '.hro..o ...·ithaomc ,.io.lenee O'l"H hi. head on lilt ro(Id. but pT'OndCDIl:lll}' rscaped n ~lldtime almost nnhurt 'fhe sun was slowly descending lwhind theBucc:lIls as I reached Gloucester, Talhel' stiff, and a lillle lame frolIl

my fall... WflIne5d3y, No,.. 20. - Lefl GlOllcnlcr at eisht A.~r., lilOPpl'd

lle<'lrly an bour at the collage of a Scotch fami!)' in the 6enice ofthe Company br tbe war, and reached Stroud :It Iwo I'.al., anCT:lride of thiny mi!rs. Had given notice the pre,oiOlls Thursday tbatI Ihould rellll'1l 10 Stroud tbis day and ptrfOl'lll di,.ine M'rviee atfour I'.J[. in the court-hou5e, ,,-11;<:11 bad bet>n granted for the purpor;e,there loeing a cousidcrable number of Scolch families in the vicinityeither as tenants or servants of Ibe Compnny. Preached accord·ingly at the hour appointed, the attendancc being considerablybetler than t anti('ip3ted, one family Il:l.ving come in tell. miles.Whalever part of the colonr I happen 10 "isit, Inhra)'s find fami­lies or individuals who bnve either been members of m)' o'll"n 1'00­pgation in S)"dney pl'rbap$ for )'ean togelher, or who have comennt to the eolony through my instrumentality; and from suchpersons, cspet'ially when comfoJ1abl)' sellled in the world, liS is ge­nerally the cue, I alluJ's eXpl'rience a cordial reception. Evcn avote of ceDlure and condemnation passed upon me by the famousthirteen, or DElL'S DOZE.'I', of the l~gislatiTe Council, has no effectupon such people-:md I found 50me of them herE'.

"Very hospitably entertained b)" Dr. Douglas, n genuine Seot,and Mr. Corlette, of the Company'a service, at StTOud. Visited aScotch family after service, about two miln from Stmud, where ayoung 1I"0maD, a daughter of the famil)', was reported to be dying.There ate several &oleh families, tenan($ of the Company, in tbeneighbourhood, very comfortably settled. They are mostly from theHighlands of Scotland.

.. Tbunda)', Noy. 21._ Rode 10 Boo"", seven milea, and restedan hour or two (for Ihe day 1I"as excessively hot), at Mr. Renwiek's,a tenant of the Compan)', occupying a tract of alluvial lnnd on tileKarDa river. There arc three or fOllr Scotch families VHy com­fortab~y se.tlled here, tbe Company being ucellenl landlords. Mr.·01'.... '1'1< ~ II thorougb.hred farmer (rom tbe llOuth of Scotland.

neofl"'llOnshad t df ..ag h . re urlle mm Cahforlllll a lllollth or twO8a~ F3YUI~ been vcry fortunate. Other two had just arrived uf

ranellcu, "When the fh,t hcolQny. He had. . . Wl\8 Qn t e eve of ret"ruing to the

J~t tlute 10 we them fitted out and titllrt oft· for

TilE TlUNTf:11. AND ,rA..'1:Srlm n1\'Ens. 2li

the ",ines. I was torr)", ho..-e,·er. to learn, on my arriul at ~(>11".

c~tle, that the two y<Hlnger brothers h:>d both returned again tothe colon)'. having 1000t their health at the "diggings." Hownucalamirous it ma)' 1>0 to indil'iduulg, it is snrcly well for these colo­nies that tllis ('ulifo'lruia r"ania should reeei"e a check even in thi,way. Mr. flcn .. ick's eldcr son IHld other two )"oung men who hadaccompanied hiIQ had c].eartd 1001. each u the cnd of the chird...eel< after their lIrri"al at &an l'ranci$CO, in the c'pacit)· of lira)".mcn employcll in u"loading vcs~e1s. The)" hud done wcll, lIut notquite 50 "'1'11 as tbis. at tire mines, and Ibe)' had enjo)'ed perfecthealth during the hole period of their sa)" in Calj(omia. Thet1l"0 )"<Hlnger brothe I w:u infoTTl'l('d. bad returned in a worn.-plight than the)' len the colony in, with loss of time, of passagemoney 10 and fro. and even of health.

.. Left _\lr. Ilen..-ick's at Dnf' o·eloek. Theda)" was cuc55irely hot,and I felt the ne;<t t ..enty milet the mO!iI fatiguing part of m)"journey. .\rrived al )Ir. Caswell's, al llallycarrr, where I againexperienced a very hospitable f('ception, towards fi"e, I'.~t.

"f'ri(\a)", nnll Nov.- node down to Rapnond Termce, lenmiles, 1I"itb :Ur.C~s1l"ell,e:trlr in the morning. Cot into theM Th~t1e"

ste:tIll('T, as she pa$5Ctl, and arriwd at S"dner, aner a pleMantVO)'a~, at seven. P.)! .

.. I had thus, during the si:deen duysor my :l.bsenee_ besides chevopgn. of about 100 miles each, to and from Hunter's River_ridden "00 miles. cbiell,. undu the hot wn ; prnched six times:leetnred Or deliTertd addTC'Ut'll six limes; been thrice drenehedwith nin. and twiee thrown from In)"hor8e. The ObjL'C-1 of my tonr":ns ehietl)' c1erie:l.l, to aSCtrlllin the spiritua.l condilion of certaindistrict.s. and 10 make arrang'Olmellts for the kttlemenl of minUlenin the interior; and in this respecl it "as quite suc«ssful TbelectuTet were intended lnercl,. to do a little good. of a differenlkind, b)" the way:'

I made a similar journey ill the month of i\1:a.rcb. 1851,to anotllcr p:l.rt of this extellsi.'e district, of which I 31so

published a few Hough Nolt's al thc time, ill auotlrer

colonial journal; nnd as observ3.tionJ mo.de on the spot

are likely to be of lllore "alue to intending emigrants

than mere genero.l deductions, I l!hall Illake 110 apologyfor inserling them here.

\·OL.II.

218 llISTOTlY Of' Kl;W S('IliTII W,\U;8,

" llOrGn NOTES OF ,\ VI~IT TO llUNGOG ON WII,_LIAi\fS Hl\'Elt.

., J1:l\in:! h3d OC'C3~ion 10 \'isitlhc be:lUtirul1}' l,ictllrt"!'ll"C' \'il13g....orStro",1. \\hich (onu~ Ih" he:Hl-qu~rl\.'Tli or tl,c l\llSlr"li~lI l\gri_cultural C....ml)~1IY'$ ('st~h\i~llllli.'nt. 011 Ill) 'r:ly 0I'el'1;1I1d 10 <ll1d rrOll1the i\bnnill~ ni'·....r. illth... monlh or NO\'em1)cr last. [ lJ:l(1 .1Ner_minl"d 10 embr.aee tll... liT'lit Ol,porlunit}, Ib~1 lIIi:;ht (lft"'r or C$Capingfor :l rC\\' d3\"S rrom the du._t and otlll.·r :mno)":Jll«'S of S)"dne}'. 10.. i<it tll<' ~d;l(,lllent of Dnnl::0g, Willimu's lIi,'cr. ,,"hidl is (111)' aOOnt~ixt(' ...n miles distallt from Stro,,(\; ~s it allR~I"('u to nle thM the twoIOC31iti<'S. (or ...hieb 1 .r~s onl)' :Iequ.:aiutcd with Ihe ((\rmer b}'rel'0;1.) pr~'S('nt''d I. lufficicnl1}' \.'xtms;'·(' :md ~ulia~Ir eligihlelid" for the StUI(>1I\i.'1l1 of a Pr(>shyteri:m mini.ler, I aecordingl)krt ~,un",'l,,· the sttamer "Thistle" on 'he e"euing of i\londay. the1"1. ~f i\ia~h, and n':lched Dun1l\0Tl.', ~lItl'$On's UiYtr, the resi­dence or 11\,' brother, (':Irl)' on Ihe (ol1owine- da}·. 1j.c(0Tl' the ilitro­tJllccion of'sleam n:wigation into this colon,.. by the late C:J!'tninr::iddulJlll. n.N., in the Fnr 1831. tbe IIsual lLlode of travelling tothe 11llnter's River distritl was on horseb:lck o\,(>r the moun·tains. and the ,iouroer uSII..11y occupied three (ull d3f$; theel1pcn_ of llIan ..nd hoTM', .. t lbe illns :Ind pllblie-IH'lUSC'S b}' the,,'ar, being generally collsiderabl)' more thnll the entire r"n'. withthe cost of refreshnU'nts included. by the steambo:ll. /n shurt,Ue;tm na<ig:ltion h3S beeD Ihe makino: of I-ll\nter's Birer. and itis, doubtlt'SS. dcitincd to renuer the same service 10 a whole K'ri{"S ofother rivers or a similar dCl;Cri!,tion along the coast 10 the nDnh".-al'd.

"1'01' the tirst firtl"t'n or t",enly milu b,. ,,"mer rrQm lhe mouthoftbe ri"er, the land on either side is gcner:>Ily 10..... swan'!,,-, andst('rile, IhouSh ror the mOSI pUI thieklr co\"Crtd with tim~r; bUIhigher 1I!" and along Ihe' banks or lhe two Iributar}' liIreams, lhe~oil for 11 considerable diSlanee from the banks is entire),. allul"inl,and of the highest (ertmt)", and the SCenerr rrolll tile ,,"Mer ex­eCt'dlDglr beautiful Let the Tl'ader figure 10 bimselfa noble ri"'(·r.as .ode as Ihe Thames in Ihe lower ~M of its course, U"indillg.10..-1)' to..... rds the ~an, among forests Il,nt have nev{-r felt lheijll'oke of tbe UlI:e. or Il'en anr hUl1Uln face till latel,. but thut of the"'lIndering harmrian, 011 eitber bank. the loft,. gum.tree or('u<:lll) l'tll$ shoots 111' its ...hite naked stem 10 Ihe Ileighl of I~O (~I

rr<tm Ihe rid, alluvial Mlil, while ullderwood o( mOSt IUXllr;3nl1'<0,,-1\, eOll\l'ltlcly COVen Ihe ground; and numerous wild vincs,~s t,1<e ~,,~e"ing suruhij .."d Jlara&ilical plants of t],~ allnviallatll\ areIlld,.tnn"natel)· t:l\k..t h)' 'he lelllen, dip their 10llg bnnehel

nu: ItU~TF.n A~n 'tANNtNtl ntn:ns, 219

cm .........1 wilh ..... lle no...e~ illlo the very wnlu. The voit'e orlhelark. or Ill{' lin",·t. or 11", nighlin~lc. is. dooblle<.-. ne"er beard"I<lllll: tlot "anh IIf the ""Oll'r; f",r N(· .. &"'110 \\"31" i. strangt'ly,lefiei...."t in lite "",.•i" ... fthllgr.:.,·,'!!: ""tthe .... )·e is gratified i,,~tend

uf lhe c;lr; tilr th,,-,~s "r ",hit" or lIlaek coekntoo<, \fitb lheir}l·lI",.· or Tl'OI cr..,.N, fl<l':l,;onall,. Ilit ael'f)$$ from bank to b:Ink;and inn"n'''l':IbI" c1l1q';lIp:: l>;Irl"Oll"el'. or 11I011 sllpl.'rb and illC'Oll­('('i\'3111,. ,-arit;''lItl'O.1 Ilhllll:l,l;e, aN:! et'er nnd anon hOI'[lin;; aboutfrom ul':1neh 10 bl'allch. I have been lulU, indeed, thn! lhere is''',1thi''g like illler<ostillg nat"ral ~ecncr)' in New So"th W:lll'S: myO..-IJ eXIX'I'ien« 3nd <lbiicr"lltion enable me 11:Itly 10 COfItr:ldil'llhc:lSSl'rtion. There at"(: dOIJbl~ IJlllOeTO\OS pbC'fll Ihrou(;"hout thell'rrito,"}' nnillt,,«'sting enollgl., ~~ the render may cOIIl'eive 1I\1I~t

nec.....saril)" be the case in situations ,,"here the prospect of a $cttlcr"sc1nn>t\ land is bollndcd 00 nuy lio.1c by Ion,. 3nd braochless lrees,but in many Jl:IMS or Iht' territO<)·, both 10 the norlhward and lhe:

soulhwaro or :),'Uller, both berond the Hlue ,Mounlains 10 the Wdt,"'~r<I, an,I for many miles along the Hawkcsbllry and NepeanU;""rs th..t wash their eastern b>tsc. I ha"e 5CCII Ilatlll':ll lICenrrycombining ("'el')' r.lrifty or the be:l.lltirul. the I'ictll"""l'te. the wild,and Ihe ~bliOle. aDd tqu::tllil,g 3"}' thing I h:ld e..er lif1'1I ill SeOl­

land, J:nJ;:lalld, II\"Iaml, or W~les.

,. The l'ul1...wing pastoral, by an ,\ustralinn poet, "'ill sho\l' thatIhen- ~ .....mNbillg to capti,'ale Ihe :Idm;~r o( 03tllTe io Ihe woods~nd ...ild~ of .\\lj(r:tlia. and ... ill ~I:;o afford Ihe re:l.der lOIne idf:t- ofthe rural ~elll."r}' (ID tbe banks of Hunter's Ri ..cr and i~ tribuI3r)'~trc..ms:-

·ODE.TO n30IAXG W.\TEIl.-

• 011 \"i"''''3ul;'l ronks Ilo..e 10 llrayAnd d,:>nn tloe "aeant ho"r a..-a,.,At e~r1)' dawll or sllhr)' uoon.Or blest C\"tUillg, "'hell Ihe moonLooks 0.10..."'....,."1. like 3 pe3Unt'I dau~hter.

To "ie'" Iwr eharuu ;Il lbe SliJI ..al~r,There would I ....all.: al e:lrlr lIIonl

Along Ihe I'anks of Indian corn.Whoso: uew-bcs(llln;;lw 100.dsshioeLike diaOlondll from Golcondn's lU;Il\",

.. Y;nllll~ng is Ihe lIboL'igillal name of P,,!tl."rSOU'S Rh'cr, onc of Ih..Ilrillcip3-llrihut:tries of the HUlltl."r,

"

~20 TlI:1oTOI:\' 01' :;:~;W rol'Tn W"LF.~.

"llill' PI1,.,rr..>n~ ('(>"" ot1tlln~ing) idclF~ir rm"lif;(' of:a h"rn"i'l·(j,·ld.

Thrr,' ,,",)Ill<! I 11111'" 0)11 "'~llIr,,'~ book.R~' ,I,'el' b~()On or ~h:lIJ.,· hr""k,When th,' Ionj."ht ~"n ~.e('l\d8 011 hi!:h,Nor ~,...,~ ~ doud in :all till' ~k~' ,

And 1101 J\"l'<'",her"~ .sullrr bn·l.'1"s..·~rN' UlOYH IIlI' 1''':In of ~'oud,'r trN'$'.

Tb"D from tht' f"'('«5 thid;~t ~h~d".

&-3rOO ~, tl", ..onud mr $[('('S h:HI. ,.,3d....

Th...... '·...r-gr:<""flll bng-~roo

"'ould wnml, ~nd on,'n 510P to ,·i... w,1\ Ild look ~. if h... 'Maut to $('<111Th" tr:<its of Eurofl('3n man.

The'" ,,"ollld I iit in Ihe cool Sli3di'n~' SOW" ,:dl('tC:ar"1 br:lDehl:'ll m::tdl',Around ,..hl:*' sr<-m full m3nr a ..ilK'And kUIT)·jong· thtir If'ndrils {'..-iot;Wbill' lMn.Ull'OUS I,il'dl of ""l'r)" hul'_Parrol. m~e;1'\T, ~nd eoek:atoo­Slt;1inhlg their imi(;1I;'·1' IhrO;1II,And chirping all their tunel~1 1Ioll's,And ftulttring still from 'rt'" to tn'l',Right Sl::tdl)' hold rorroborr. t

Mt'all1l"hilt, ptT('h'd on a bnonf'h hard byWith hud alk:r.nce 3nd ,.ili:l~ 11).,Some old B1ue·)Iollntain pnrot chatll'1'$About his own dODll"5tie m~lterl :A.s ho,r he bllil! 11i$ Ot.st of ha}",And fiuish"d it on Christln:as_da"High on a tree in )"otlder glen, . 'Far from Ibe baunts of pr-ring men:Or bo'" mad:lme ha, booen tonfio'dOfnrinl-Ihe preuinl Oflheir );ind_

.'rho:: kurr)'jong i, a tree or slll'\1b abou1Hling in alluvial landl!tO::1nncroork f ['" '

r ow lie I lS used by lhe n:alivcs fo,' the rnanuf;1ctureo a sort orcorl ' r,'

t ~,or tWIn(',.., w lld, tLey make nels, bags, &c.C<JI'rob,.'!J ,s an abori'" al.' __•. .6'1'" '. __ ' . ., .,lll wor", a"" .s,gn,fjt'S a .()i6y aunMlJo~

" ........-"'''ClI:lIlSabo~ ."a n<o:eting f b' o«al'ona )'1" the oolony 10 designal"d""ted, Wi~'I~'k ~I", providt'd their P~ing:tne not wo-

""'IU"'te prOP""I)' aOO decotllln,

Till: 111')0, I U: .\XO .).tM':XIX<o 1H\'f1:$. 221

11.,... ",",,'~ Ih"'I,iNllrc of lIi",«'lf_/l I'll],' grc,·" 1,111,·.I,,·~,I,-,1 dr-WI"I ... (",Ii,,!, liulc ch;rl'illl; fdlowI~ like "'''''''''.', lJe,lr,':,k',1 "'id, ,-dlv,r:l}r l'vI\" poor ""d" 1',)11 w:<~ kill"lWhen "aliug cor" ill ) onder lidd;Thl1"dd ~I~I hghlning!_,I"wn I.., lIulIcr'd_,\"d 1\1,0( a s)lIaLI" 111, "uerd.Hill tlal'I",1 h;~ "'illg-", ~ll<1 g::J'I,'d. and difd.While 11,,, 1Jlo"d 11<)""'1 fr"m "ilh"r ~ide ~

Jh f"r hi''',df, S01ll\.' tin)' thing.struck him Su h:<l'd, it bruke his ",in!!",So tlmt he scare... ha,l sll·... l1gth to \\"alk vfl';It ~rt"o:d him a ",hule monlh IQ talk of!·

Th".s b)" Ill)" !JeaUl0:QU5 ronk;;. pu", str,,:l1D II lo.-c to "\tl~ aloo" and dreaDl,At e:J.r1)' da..o Qr .s"ltl,- noon,Or un•.lt'mealh Ihe midnight moon,Of da) i '\Then all 'he laud shall I;"

AIlI)('ae~rul ~,\tt ullpure lik ... Ihe".'

.• )1)" brothel', )Ir. ,\, "an;;, J. P" of I)l1nmon, being lI.Menlalh:nding the eourl at )1"i,I:a1>'.\ "'h~n I r;o-achlK/ his plaet', I p3id :I

"isil tQ his l,rinf'ipa.l, inc-dh:SS~r. 0')" old friefld )1 r. Cearge Scbmid.~ Wiinc'l:,·r:<>r, t"...~n Ihe lIei"hoourbood or' ::;tutgarot,_::t highlyfl1''Olll':lble Ip<"clmen of Ih" cklss (0 .·llIch he bt.-l"ogs, till." indus­trious, "inuolls, and thoroughl~' Pn)lf'$lant pl'~santry of Ihe wuth ofGt'nnall~. I nm sun: m,.I....)th..., \\'ould ne'"er h:an· had a ~inepr,J

but for this 111051 ,·a(nabl ... "'an. Ill' had come OIl{ "nlird,- at hiso\\'n expense. and had l!rough! 11 wile ",ilh hi,,, frolll Genuao,-; butsbe look ill ~,,(I difd a f,· ... ~,-a~ :llkr his arri"nl io the ('0100", ",ndh.. has since repbN'd bH Wilh ~ nllliw of tbc lI'ghlao,ls of .:koI:­Ia"d, ..ho forlunately Mlnl>Ol ....pn:.ch hi", .. ilb his ilUpi"rt~f

a(''lu3inta.nce .-ith EnSli.sh. as it ~ cYideml)" 'l,1I II for...igu tongut'to both, Germa" a.ud Gaelic fonn r:uher a sinGular, but still a ,...r,.ancient ~lld "e"er~bl(' conjunction; fvr Ario"i~tuJ ,hc Genuao, andthe ancient Gaulli of I'tallee, must ha,·c ho'lJ th,-ir pal'lt')"i in th";;,,

.. ParrolS ami eockatOOll (the btter (,1i1lt'\:i~lI.'-):art ,·('r,. d''1tl'lIe­tin to Ibe growing eonl, amI ar.. wmctim", sh~ b)" Ihc ....1I1,·r Qrhis ~rY:lnU .-. jlu!l'llI'fe delicto. Of COOn(' th,· Austr:alian 1>:I1TtXe:J.CDOI: 1M' wpposed to uDden.taDd lhe "',-'ter, t» tir"-~ru1f ...·t ....wcll as a European bird, '..,

two ancient tonglll'" "" the banks of th" Rhi,\<', many <,elltllriuhefof\' lh(' English Ianguag" waS ('I'cr spok~n hy m"" -lwf"r~

eilher Prt>'!r: """,t or 11",,' 'f!l<' <Iv? was 1";;l1'll on {'illt"l' side "I' tIL"British Challlld,

" "Jr, I.ang's ,-ill,,)-alll. which cOlllprises aoollt {'ig-ht ael'{'S, ;111 C:lfe_flll1~- tr{'neh,>d hi:fol'{, th<'- ,'i11['s w['r('l'lankd, is silllated ill the richalll"'ia\ dCl'ilSil on Ihe b~nks of the PaltHSOn Hi"cr. III tll{' yearIS3;, I ob$.('1'<'cd a whole Series of I'incyard_ in a st>ll1elfh:1t similarsituation 011 thc Ilhine, in tll(' Gr;llld Duchy of N:lssau; and [ wasrather sllrpriwd nt the time to tinll the vin{' clllti"akd ill such a soilaod situatioo, as 1 had "pcn gi"en to umll'rstaud that it prrfel'reti alight saudr or gr,w{'l1,\' soil 011 the slopes of hills, like thMe ofthcJohannis~rg, Hoehhcill:er, and Rudesheilll,'r \'illeyards, "IOllg the('ourse of that c1assi('al strcam. BIIl Mr, SChlllid assures me thatthe lOCal it)' was \rell and jlldil'ionsly chosen, as iud~ed it must havebeen whcn he was Satisfied with it. The hills in the Count)" ofDurham ore generall), of trap formation, and Ih~ir debris, \I hiel1forms thc alluy;alland on the banks of the Patler~on and William'sHivers. must be a good soil for vines. I suspe{'t, ],o\l"c\"el", that rhe,'iue in such situations will be more rCllmrkablc for tit" quantitythan for thc qualit)" of its produce.

"The vincral'd al Dunmorc is divided into comportments by walksrrossing each olher al right angles; and in the cent rc, ,.-I;CI'C Ihct'll'O pl'incip.11 walks cross each other in a n:lllln.l h"l1",,-, thCl'eis a dra'v_well with a 1'0"1'1', over which Mr. $chmitl has ne{"fedw1lal the Germans call a l"fl-huIIs or pltaSllre-!lO""C, It is "circular erection, formed of trellis· work, and is all'eady Ollllosteo'-ered with vines, which form a most agreeable shade from thehot summer sun of Ihis scorchins climate,

"I was quite astounded at the itrms of informntioll I picked upfl'om Mr. Schmid aud my brolher, respecting the produce of thisI-ineyard. j\"., Long lold me that bst year he had sold f!'Om asingle acre of vines, of Ihe Bbck Hambul'gh I'ariet)", thil'ry' JlOlmds'worth of grapes, and had had seventeeu hundrcd gallons of wincfl'om it hi:sidcs. Tbr grapes al'e sold h)- wholesale on thespot at the rate of thrcc half-pence pel' pound, 120 lbs. beingrc~koucd 10 t~le lOO. The)' 3r(' rcmo"cd in carl.loads h)' rhc pur­~has:TS, I hi:hcve pl'incip31J)' f"r the Maitland f..uit market. FI'Olll~n e'ghth part ofth~ same acre of vines, Mr, L. told file that Iherehad already !xl \d d '(lf ra en. &0 lI,.,ng the present year, twelve pounds' worth

aekgno:::~~~:tt~~ t: I~" ;ate of !Jet. an ac"e! l\h. l:ichmid, wholH<:lan V, 110" acr~a ;" lad n"v-~r ~ecn &u:h !ll'oduee ill Germany, I

, S lowe me a .,nglc vme of which be had just

w,'i::h{'ll Ihe I"''''''''''', arrcl' having uuloadP'1 ;1 of its bur,lcu. It",ril'."h~,1 4411... : wllich. at Ihc whol"sale Tal~ "I' thr{'e half-~uc~

a 1'",,,,01, ,,"0,,1<1 ,.."ou"t to :,." I,d. I'M Ihe ll"oduce of a singleI'bnt! lu ~11"l't the agricultural C~I,ah;lir;e~ of this country ur,'s'·e:.t t.eyolI(j all caleulati"n, anu "'plaiting is evidenrly ,1~Slinell, atlH) ,tisla"l p~I'i<'>!I, lr, bc [,aidy ~c1il),,"~t hy agriculture_ At all e"entsthe i'ka Ih"t all "ere "I' "in"" "'ioht yet hi: t;-,.",d as I'rofitablc ,,, atholl_an,1 sh~,"l', is "" "hsll ...lit)".

"This is Ihe SC"lnn of II,e \'int~ge, a,,,t ( found ;Ur. Schmid,wh~" 1 rca{'h(-d hi" c"l(a;;e, ~nl!ag~d ill distilling bra"<Jr fro'n th,'l'd""se of the ;!ral'e". "rtc,' they had I><.'('n subjected to Ihe actiOll ofllw ",ill~ press, It i' clear and coloul"1css tikr Highlaud whisker_though rather fier)".

" I h"d somc writi"S todo fur II,t S,~dIlC!Jmar/let bdore starting forDungog, :ulll h"d rescn'c,l it for the cvenin", b"t arter walking~bo"tlmd{'r the hot Snn all da)', as a se'l\lcl to a night in the steamer, Ifound if was useless to attempt it. So I got up "c,~t mo!'ning mfour, a"d lighting my candl,', finishcd it olf in lime for an "'Id)" break­fast: aftel' whid. lmoull!ed Ill}' horse for what proved to t.c rarhera longn day's journey th~n I anfieip~ted, .\1)" brothl' accol~paui~dlllt' On horse\.>a{'k as fal' as the woodcn hri,lge across Tokell Creek.The' conntry ill this neighboul'1lood is bolh rich and b"amiful, ~iu:;

Hnely di"crsificd wilh hill and <Jalc. and pl'esenliog a brge ~:-;teut {ll'

dcar{'d land or' Ihe {j,·,t '1lOaEty for {'uhi"alion,"The e,:.lt~ (If "!,,'kell, fO"merty the prOp,rl)' of Ihe latc J. P.

\\"('hocr, ";s,\,. J. 1'.. oue of Our e~rliest Huuter'3 Ri"er {'OIOllists,nol\' bd<Jngs to Fdi" Wil,o", E~'l'. of l\~w Town. The mansiOnhouse is a liue building, '1";le in the styl" of a cOllnt'·~· gentlemau'sresilience in England, and is ~a\ltihllly ~ituat,'<1 ou a ,.i~iu; l;l"(Hlnd,with two fine "cad'es of POIl~rson's Hiwl' in '·;e,r. A mile or t"'"from Tokcll, wc met a ,·cSI'(·ela\.>le old mandri"iu" (' d,~ise "art to,varoMaitland, \\"ho, Ilearued, as Ill' I",~s~d, was" working gard ..",'r, "'borcaB lli~ garden at T"kell from iIlr. Wilsoll, 101' ,rhid. he 1'''.'"-'301. () rear, Thcre is nO doubt that an indll,lrious f.1tlli1r will \.>e(I]}I{' to make onl () very {'omfortabte li,-iug iu ~lIch a situation, an,lit is gl"lltif)"ing to tind Ihat a~ the' "usr resourl'l'S "I' the ('''''lltr~' ar~

gradually de"eloping, such falllilies are establishillg ,helll~el<'es incomfort and comparat;"c indepeml(·o{'c in all suitahl" hx'aliti,'~.

Therc is a I>ollndl~ss field for them in this l'il'h agri"ultlll'al ,Iislrict."The bridge aCI"O"" Tok,·1t Cl'~ek is a ""rr rt·..<1ital>!{' .fru,'l\""-'

11 WJS eredcd, I.bdie'·e, b)' th.' Distriet l'''un,·il. an,1 "oSI little'mOre than 300/., and no fllss Oboll' il. It is a su\:t;<[~"tia1 W"",kll~tl"ueture, aud lUny 61alld !){'I'h"l's tw~ulr re:oro. A bri.lg~ "r"

"

simibr de~eription. ,. liHle ~trol)g<'r ~ll<1 wider, o,'er Wallis Cr~ck

near )I"itbnd, m;sl,( lo:,,,c ,erH,1 the public fo" many )e~r8 torome. ~nd mi~ht h:1I'e bct.'n <.'1"('eted, under the 5ul'crilltcodcnce ofthe- 10<.':11 authori,;'-s :1t :1 compClr:llh'cl,. sma1\ ~Ulollnt; bUI ffOlllsome- I'C:lson ....hic!l 1 did not ('nquir.. ioto. the District Council,I'rob:1bl)' feeling it~lf snubbed in :1 cO'rtain qn~rtcr, threl\' IIp thematter in di'su't,:md the Go,'crnment-the omnipn's..nl GO"erllmeut_h:1s :1eeOr<.lingl)' 5.."t down a SUl"'riUlend..nl of Bridges, forsooth,( .."bost- salar,. and expcn!!e$ will ab50rh no inronsid<'nble porlion ofthe .."hok .Il'"1ilable flll}(b) to be qU:1Ml.'red upon t!le district till thisG01'emmeut .."ork is fini~hed. BUI this is onl,. a specimen of theintolenlble system of eentr~1iz~tion to whieh this colonr has been solong 'ubject.:d, and of Irhieh Ihe frllits h~I'e been so bitter and 50calamitow to the eommnni!)'. The Local Governmcnl, or in other..ords, the Colonial Secret:ary (for Ihe pbn$C'5 are no.. prell)' nearlysp\Onrwolli) 1'irtuall)' sa)'. to genllemen in lhe interior, l'Olre"erintelligent and however deepl,. interested in anr m:lller of commoneOlleernment, like the oue in question -' Gentlemen, )'on hnl"ehuds, and 10 has a pin; but we ha,'e a head here for which thepublic bal"e 10 pa)' ~OOOI, a year. aDd ..hicb has therefore a rigbt 10Ihink and deeide for rou all" Get about )"our business, therefore;""e will do it all for )"uu.'

" A case of a somewhat similar kind, and onc of peculiar agsrn­'"alion, has just becn brought under In}' nOlice from a different I,attof tbe counlry, A bridge ""U to be erected over Ihe 1'151 Ri'"er,and ,commitl~ of geotlemen OD Ihe spot ..as appointed 10 gl'! tbe,,"ark aecon11'lishtd. A buildt'r of tbe Dame of Gunning tenderedfor it, aDd his lender hl!ing accepted, he bad carried it half way 10completion; borrowing money as he could upon the head of it, tillbe .hould hi! entitled to dl'llw what he- had gi\'eo I'alue for. In Ihisstage of Ibe lran",ction somebody f('Cls dissatisfied ..ilh tI,e ,rork,or !as 1'ie.... s of his 0'lll"Il to promOle in a dilfe....m <juarter, and sendsa secrH complaint to Ihe GQvt'rDment, fOl'loolh; and tlte Go\"(~rn­

'nent send up a suneyor alllhe way to Yass·, who tea,"s down :I

jl<lrtion of the building ,,"itlt, crow bar, ond makes a report 10 theGovcrnment and tbn lC'av('II the locality; Ihe committee, in Ihe1lI~0 tinw, ...ho art merely .Icling on b('halfof Her Majl.'SIV, coollytclhnl; the conlraclor tbal Ibey hove ,,";u;hed their I,and; of themalter" The COntraclor is rdul><"d a copy of the repol"t onthe ~l'ot, ~nd hat 10 come to Sydney to toeg fOI" it through n

TlI~: IIlJNThH ANn )IAl'>l'1ING mVlWS. 225

~ol;citor rrom the (;overnmcnt, by whom it is of courS<! refused!lu tile Ult~n time. the IlOOr m:1Il ;s uucrl)' r'lincd. I bave no ...ish10 <'Xprl"Sllnr 0l,inion "JlOf' tb~ ebarncttf of Ihis man's ...ork; but1 mailll:iin. thal !he srSI(-In u!Hler ....hieh such acts of atrociollllinjustice as Ih~ one'lr which he h~s I.'vi,l....nrly I~n thc victim 3repel"pttratcd,01lSh: to be got rill of, :l~ an intolerable nUISanCe, asslltCtlily as po<sihle"

.. I had iCarcely crosse<.l Tokell I.lridg.... whcn it bcg:an to r:linhC'a1'ilr, the ram being mingled witll h~it, and 1 was complctelyd~l>Cbcd before J reached the to...n of 1':i1l"l'5On, )Iy brother,..ho \oao.! in (he llll'antimc rClUrncd in the opposite direction, gotolll)" a fc\\" drops of Ihis r:lin, and I obs~T\"ed Ihat it hll notI'>:t~ndt'tl more Ihan a mile or two beyond !'atter$O<l. TIte c<>nfonn­~liO<l of Ill<' COUnlry prowblr a«ounls f'X" t1,is p«uliaritr, I'atler­i611 heing surrounded by nnges of hills of "cry considerableclc<'ation.

.. The lown of Pallcr;;on is "eQ' piCl"I"eS'l\lcly situatcd, I.>ut it oughtcenainl,. 19 ha"e t...-cn a noile or SO highcr Ill' the rivcr al Ibe headof Ihe n:H·ip.lion. The 10.;$ which Ihe dislrict will SUl;tain in allf"tllre li"", from thi:! illexeU13b!e blundcr. '>fI tm. part of the Loo.IGO\"crument of the lim.... i:! "uile inealculable" J'recisdy the $amelhillg wa, d",H' hne as ut )[nitlalld; Ih('re toeing highly eligible silesf.-n" comll1ercialtown< in bolh localitid at the he:,d 'Jf the ll:lvigu­tiOll; but the land in both ca~:! '':is in l)ri'"ull' hands "Iten litelowns "'ere p '.il.'<'lcd~ut )lorl"l'lh iu Ihl»C" of .::.. Clos<. Lq", for_lnerl)' 11. e", a 1 at Ihe Old Wharf, on Ihe I'att, rwn, in Ih<M of anoflict'r's \\-i,Jow, )11";;. \lard, ,,1>0>01' I)t(:'s.:nt namc I do 001 f<"('(>lleN.11 wus n"t"ral fvr th{";;e parlies, on lindin;r Ihat Ih,·)" had :.:01 ~~s·siou of d'gible ll"CIs ot' land, tl) stand Oul tor n good pr;ce ,~hell

the}' undehlooJ Ihal ILe Go....mmenl. whicb OlI_~lll ...,hr 10 ha...,alicll:iled such bnd o':lC"pl for to..1l$, .. i,he<! 10 lM,)" il back: and il"'ai follr ill Ihe eXlrellle for lbe Gon"r"'Ilet\1 10 ref~ them Iheprice th ..." a,ke'll, e,·...n h~d it be<;>" le" li",,'$ mol"\' Ihan if \\"a," Hutthe Goyem",~nt rern,ed" in both e",,'s, th~ l"e:l>onal.>l~ !,,,i,'{-s "Ilk!>wt're a,k."IIQr the only proper ,itcl ill bolh J....':olilics: :lud th~ COUl·n,unit," .."ill have 10 s"lf,'r for Ihat roll,· III all timc co",iu~.

,. P;l\er""Il's 11;"er i§ nol ool~ a '''renor j.l ... i,,·~l"(>will;r C'OIllltr~-;it is t'quoU" famous fllr ill ";nel and loooeell" )Ir. Park. all o""I,'n·~i\"e l)ropr;~lllr On thc uPJl('r part of Ihe rller, ~n,J a n..ph..", or ,h,"iI,-cut ,H"ic"ll t"",'clle'", h:11 " "jll'"~'nrll or "llr l{,,, rloan ;.I:, :,~r," :au,J Ih~ pr"""ee of 10baceo ill Ih~ d'striel is ","".' ,·oll.i,l.'r:ohk lWall 5Orr}'IO find, I""..enr, thal .hc euhi'aIlOt' ur Ihe ,-iu,' lu.lCI bC'ell by no w~aU.$ f3Yoor:abl~ to lit.. morals uf the di.I'''I.

" ,

226 IIISTom' OF NEW SOUTH WALES,TIn: IlUXT}:n AND lrMO,IXG nH'Ens, 00---.

18rge p<)rtion of the bbonring 1I0l'ul:ltion of Ihi. oolllllr}' is so hoJIC_lessl\' a(ldiel~'(\ 10 intelllperance, thnl the tCIIlptMkm of cl".>;o]' wine,\l'loi~h thl'T purchase in buckclfub froUllhc growers, ill irr('SiSlibl(-;and conlinu:tl ponrty and cxtcnsi'fe ruin :IT@ the lantent:r.bl.., I"\'$ult.

"It :roppearl 10 ml' lhat the raJlidl)' cxI('nding euhh'alion of Ill'""ine in Ihis colon)', i,likel)' to lead, al no dislant period, to someorganic cbaugc in our ('ntire Custom 1I0use s~ stem, De]l.en~ing aswc are in grcal u,.:!asurc foL' a revenue at llL'eSl'nt on Ihe llUpOrldUlit'!l on ",i""l :\Od spirils. thDt r<'VCIlUC .... ill Ill"C('6Sllrily fall of{grc:ltlr as ",ine aDd bnoo) of coloni:r.l Sro",th _supersede Ih~

(ort'ign al1icll', u Ibl''' 1Il1" sure 10 do 1''f('nlu.a1l)', "'hflll,llen shallI'fe ha\'e to do br and b~? Whl" we I1I11St greatl)' eurtall Ihe ex­pt'nditure 00 the Due hand b)' (\imillishinS salaries, and aholishingoffiC>!'I (\lid vc IH\l$t endea\'our on Ihl' other to gel rid of the CUSlom1l0U5t' altogether-declaring S,-dney a Fr~ Port like Sing:t[lOrt,Dnd nising tI...: sm:lll I"l"fenue 'l're shall noquin> for our ehnpGo,'ernmcut by dirtd taxation.

"The to'HI of Patleuon has nOI advanced as it ollghlto h:l"e donefroll' Ihe gnat advanlages of ils situ:llion,:lS being ueal' the head ofthe navigation or a noble river, ~u,1 in the midst of agrain-gro,r­ing, ,.ine.gr(l"ing, and lobacc:o-gr(lwing di,lrict. Thii has probabl)'ar~n from :mother piece or gO"cmment:t1 wisdom, 'l'rhich the lne:l­lily exhihilS; for inSlead of holding the purchasers or lown :11101­HlI'I1\S bound to creel buildings of some kind UPOll Ihese allotments,"ithin 8 limited period, Ihe townshill fdl into the I,allds of It f"wspeculalo1'$, " tbe nte or M, an aerc. for ..hich the moder:r.le llriecof ;aI, is no'" ash'\:l, and of rourse uked (or tbe mOSI I,art in \'ain.In short, Ihe dass of pt'rsons for wbom the establi.l"nent of a lOll n

,vas peculiarl)' dl'siruble, viz, medoan;cs of all ,Ieseriptions, bhol"keepers, I.e., have becn virtually pr"reuled frOlllllurehasiug aIlotnocntsin tbe 10Wll, .nd l'n'Cling hou!'C$ for lhem""lve, ~(jtwilh,t:r.ndin~allthese' serioWl dra..bados, hO"ever, PalleT'SOn cannot fail. cYcnlUallr,fro,n its comm.nding situ.lion, to be .n ir.land lown of verr consi­derable imJ><Jrtauee,

"The roa" tQ Dungog, on Willia",'s /li'-er, leads oil' to lhe ril!lJt alillle ....y be)'Ql1d Palterson; hut lik" IllUuy otl,,,1'5 who h:r.ve beentn,'"mllg in the same di~tioll, I louk 11Wi! roa.d 10 Ih" leA. llnd onlyfO\l"d <>Ut Ill)' n,;stake .fler I b~ ridden up the l'aU"rwn mile ",ilesIlI')'QI,d tl'e pI.illl M which I ol<ghl tu have Inrlll'>.! ofI', The "'i:o<:o­""1')' or having "i"I'I1''''' ,.. ile~ ud"'e<1 10 a d;'y'a jnul'u"y of ~"l1leij:nt\e"i?llo "Irea<ly, t,,,~ ...,uller" tlishcart1'"ing dl""t Ul'"n a tn.n'l[..,r,1",.,tlc'S ~,',~nK;"1\ l,,~ vIa", ~ 1,"1 Ihue "'U '10 hdl' (;'1' il in lloll1'n."",Ill ''''la,""" am11 k.ul j"," tu lll"kl' 11,,, best ur '''r .... ) oo..,k

10 lhe I'ighl r{)~d, ~nd enmmcnce Ill)' journey 10 Dungog af~sh, I10.t olher ("ur miles I,y I"king the wmng r«ld a ~cond lion\: in asubse>1"j:nt part of "ly nlUte, an'" it had bet'n '1nite dark for up..ardsof :In honr :100 a half ..I,en I reaehed DUDgDj!. after a rme or tip­..-ants of fin) mil..... including Ihese IWO a",k1l":ltd addilioos.

"J)uugog is finely situated for IlH inland colonial 10"'0, and it(,,.,,no! f"il, ~t no ... isl:lnt period, 11) become a place of im[lOrlaD"'~,

Th~re i< much alluvial bod of the first 'Iualily for culti,';tlion...ithi" len or 1""'Vll Illilcs of il. bol:h up the river :ron'" do...n; and:u bn,l of this ch:lQCler is gntrally fouDd in delaebtd p:11ehK .ilha l:trger Or slll:lller e):lenl of I.rettr~ p&lUre :ro<1joining il, it isIlI'c"liarl)' :n]apled for lhe St'ulem"lll of an ~gricullU!1l1 population;and mall)' repnlable f"milic, of Ihi~ class h:l\'ll :le1'ordinglr ,ellled",ilhin a lIlotkral~ dislanet of the toorn .luring Ibe lut lell fears.

.. Tbe CO<,lnlry IIas a hill :rond dale eharacltr....bkh pll';l.S\'S lbee,e. and the Oungog moonlain is of considerable ele"alioo. ",bileils sillt'S afford good Il:IMurt in mOSl ,;easons.

.. illueh of Ihe a'nibble lan,1 in lh" dislrict of Dungog is still ina st:ll" of lll1tur", :111(1 lhe ricb bru,hcs on Ihe ri,'cr bauks slillabouud ...ilh ect.lar of SUJICrior quali!),. C. L, Brow.., EMI., J, p,.001' or the ol,l~ wlonisn in the distriel. .ilh whom I b:cd 1(MIl!'been acquainled, and I'fhose llO.pitality I experienced during my

~hort ~I")'. r"u~ oul wilh me to one of th,-se bru.hn on his est:ll~,

10 see the 1)I'oce<s of eo;'(\:I"_culling, and in panicula", 10 se~ ai'('lllarkable Ir,.., of that dcs<:riplion, the largest )Ir. B, ha<1 ~"er

·~..n, Il"u ') f",,1 in diam"ler, "'h~re il h,<1 b«u ....I througlt"illt Ill" er"o,_,,1 saw. aoo :!9 f""t in eireumfe""",'<' al tt." ground.It ...as f>"rf~,,'tly wund througho"t, a"d w,. cstiln,l(od ro ~'i~W

:)(J.IJV" f,'CI Qf limlo:r. )11', Brown $CUi> lhe limb~r 10 a conl,,~ClOr

alII, p"r Ihousan,l leel, 1,",'aIM on Ihe $pOI. Tbi.' hig trc,' w:lith"reru~ worlh not l~.,. tll:ln 301, The grouod ou which rhi;;nobl... t~ !""'" had been boughl b)' )Ir. lJ. from lh... GO'fl'mu.cllt:It li•. an ae~·, an'" oennl ...'Clions, or squ:>re ",itn. which h luJpun:haiCll Oil lh" S.''''~ lenus, ha<1 been elllird,. 1''';<.1 for frOU1 It,,·

eC(]ar grll\\'ing on Ih" land "I lhe lillo" of lh~ ]l"reh"s,',.. TI,e e~'\I"r lrade gi,'es c",pln., men! 10 , co"si<1,'r"lol~ "uuo!h'r

of sa....}ers. who are l)riucip"ll}' ,>lU ha,Hl•. and ...110, I a", ...,rr,· tn:Id<!. ,re by "0 ",,,,,nS p"""r". of ,-;rtUt'. "irher ;n ""ra'" lu I, n,_['Cl'lInC(', or to :tllphing d~ al all en:<lir:r.ble h, rl.... ,,,,I,, "Iu.ll. lln

• Ilro", line." to " ...."ly )"'UU agu, when lhe ,,,ini,,,,,,,, ... "i",· n."

5•• 'UI aere,

228 JlISTQIiY 010' NEW SQUTIt IVAU:S.

Ih(' conlr~rr, Ih('}' too (r('lI"Cnll,. .<1>('11(1 tile high Wllges ther Cllmin sccnes of \)('lIs11,. illtellll'ennee -selling 1111 thc dr<:cttl'il's 111;(1 pto.prklil'S of ci,iliM'l1 life III ddilllw('. 1 rode "I' "ilh iIIr. BroWIII"the mi8{'r:lb1c hllrk·hul ill Ihe bush wltere 11 [l;Iir of S.111'}'l·Tl; IIU(1

their fh11lilil"S wcre dOlllieilt~1. Onc of them "'nB 1111 old 1':'nd,1Irelirt of th" oldcn ti"'ts of the rolon)', who, I lludel'l\tood. hadc);hibited in his \1"holl' I'har:":ler and comlne! a l~rf('(:t disregllnl of<"'crphing rt"pul(lhll' (lnd \'irtuous. Ilis mate, 'I\'ho, J W(lS sorr)' tofind, hlld betu (ollo... in; his ball <''':lmple, a]lhOllgh hut :I reeelltl"arri,'{'(I (T<'e immi;t:lnt from E"slal1d. "':1$ a n'mark3bl}' good.

looking )'OUllS 1U3n. J ....3S surprised to find Ch:lt bolh lIe aud his"'ift" a lid)' little English u·om3n. I'\'('ogniscd IllC 3S:ln old aC'quaint_auC<'. ha"ing both bten rrt'$('Dt at 3 lecture I dclinred on Ihe ca]l3­biJiti<'s of Ihe colon,. as :'I. field for tmigt:llio". in the 10....11 ofLttds. ill Engl3nd. It ....115 one of II,e larStst nlffiings I h3d ad­dlY55l1d on lbe subje-ct in EnSblld, and ....:1$ mOl!t enthu~iaslic, The,.oulIg mall had ~n :\ cIOth ....orker at home, 3nd his f:'lther, whohd dj~ }'oung, and I{'ft his 3l1"ai11 in qutslion:lbl{' h3nds, had h3da clOth.factory of his o....n. He b:ld tabn up his p~nt occupa­lion at bis o"'n b3nd, :'I11u"'>l by Ihe high ....ag{'$ ....hich it off~1"l'd ;bUI it 'nS e.. ident he hat! bftn ll:0ing fnt do...n hill, from the badeompany into which Ill' h:ld f:lllt,". I uked Ili$ ... ife ...hether Ihad t<)ld allY stories 3bout the colon)' at Leeds? Sbc :IIckno.... led!!edI~al I bad oQ(, but.obstrred Ibat il 1nI5 a much roull:her sort'" ofhr.. Illt~·y ....crr leatlmg Ihan sbe h:td anlicipatl"d. I told ber thatI~:ll was ellt.irel)' tb~ir o...n fdull; for evco in their Pl'l!SC."nJ o«upa_lion the}' mIght tas,l)' make themseh'ca Tcry t"Omfot1:11b1e ir the}"c~, especi:ll~l)' .... ith Ih.e bigh ....ages tbry 'll"ere earning. nut ifIhe} SpeOI Ibr,r moue)' III druokclllleiB, as tb'\! hllib:lnd '-ckno.... _ledged.lhey had beco doiug, whal could Iht'}' expect bllt miS(>rJ'and rum? Mr. Brown and J g:ll'e Ib.. t",o 11."')'1'11 11 joint lectureOn lemperance Dud Ihe otber Christi:.n "inuca; the old h:l.lld pro­feaso.'tI to be ,'cry pt'nit{'ot, ond both promise(],31 ]{'llSl 10 ref0111l(or lbe future. '

. ': '~he cedar Ir:r.de ,. al Ilrl'Stnt the principal d{'JH'lldance of this~~C'l\.'IY, :'Iud I was crl>dibly illformed Ihat it brin,::;. intolhe Dun"ogQ~'l~'~t not le"lh.~IlIWO or thrce huuoJrtd pollnoJsa "'eel.. Qnanti7iesin w;~e~~lllabl.e tllnber are diSCovered frOIll time to time in localitie.

.' 'taexl'l~nee ha<1 nOI bt.'t.'ll et! ,.old hf~-KUlll'<lsn,an of Walerloo .U~~i('C1 ,before. For H1st'll1ee, auat Mulellnaa, about s.." .." mil:. '~~" a \\ ule)'an Local Pr~at:lll.'l·fro", a brolhn of Ihe lUll' 11 ~~n Dnngog, had rCllll'il a f"rmUl'I'cr Willial"'. !liver I" a' . \\ 'ode)'",., ESlt·, /11. c. 011 the

• '111 "'8 u qualllity of eedur On 'the laua,

TJlI; ltuwn:l: AND )IAI\;;tNO mvr.ns. 229

h~ 'lfl\.·rc,l ~Jr. W. ,,01. for lh~ ~1:l11diug lillllJer, which of course wn~

,1(11,,11)' :'f<''"I'kd: 10"1. al lhe ,illl~ of Ill)' ''is'I, cedar to the ..alue of:1("'11. hn,C ht-,·u ~"hl "If lhi. \'ery lnn(1 hy the I~nant, "nd bc h3d"ill nn ('(lual 'I,,:,ulil}' 10 sell.

"Th,· th,nl ..,f Ilulll;0'; h:u a l',oll"blion of about 300; it has 3nlt':'llll .'(>lIr·l11ill." ")h,~. ro_f"ctor)', on{' or 1\'0 good inos., an eris­l"<lllal church n'':'Irl)' fin'shed,:'I nalionalllt:hool, "nd a COUT'. holll(',_a ..~ry cr~dil"hl" bllil,finl!: illdl...>d.

.• TI"....., is 3 eleTl:) 111311 of ,h{' Church of Englalld, the Re... :Hr.'nom... ,,·h., b3S bt.'<::1l ~1l11} kltlro ill Dungo:;, alld who, I 'nShnl'P} 10 Inn!, i. b...nt-nll, 311<] dcSt.'r...ooly llOJ.'ular in Ihe district.At Ihe su~gnlion of «'rla'lI of Ihe inhabit:lll1&, I caused it 10 be3nnnl1l'crd th:lt I shoold Ilre:llch ill Ih .... !.'Ourt homoe. 1l'hi{'b badbfto gt:loted fnr lh.... 1"'rJ.or.e by :\lr. Uro"'lI, in the "..cniog- of Ihed.~ I sl"'lll in Ih d;$Inrt; and "nnll as Ih.... ,·illag... is, and short :I.lI

..a~ Ihe noticc si ,n. I "'ss gratLficd 10 find a eongn'g:llioo of about100 pcr6Gn' as>tulbll'ti for dj"ine 6I:"·i('('. It W20S 3 .....ry &'OOl'3bl"indic:ltion indeed <>f lbe chanCier of Ihe pbC'C.

.. )Ir. Urow,,', hOOk. c3lled C"irnmolt, from a mounl.in iD. G31­10""'" in :kotbnd. is beautifully "lIlalw on lbe fal'<' of :l bill aboutb"lf -a m,le from lhe \·'Ibge. )lr. Il:s e.stale, comprising murhbru,h land of Ihe fiNt '1ll:Ilit)' for clllLi,·:llion. is 6,000 acres ill"xtent. Tb.... diSlrH:1 of DungDg, like Ih", of lhe Palte..-, is ad-",il'3"'}' 3l13pled for the ,ine and for tobatto, a.s ell ..., for Ihe~'1'Qwth of m3i~e, :lnd that the rotlon pbnl will Sll eeed equall),..tll in bvlh. 1 had o<:ular denlflllstratil)lI. In short, the.... is c,'''I)'rt:I~1I 10 beli.,n~, Ihal I)uugog will rooll bt'cou.e :In imporlant in_1:1111,1 lo...n. anti lh:ll the SUTTOUlldill:; dlStricl ... ill ere long bll' IbcWIll of a numcrous, indu.strioos, and \'irtuOllS agricutlllral popul:lIioo.

"I left Dungog Oil Jo'ridnr. !Ist .1i:lrrll. :'Ift"r tiTS! Cl'O$Sillg Ibelri"cr 10 di$llImse Ihe ordinallc... of b3.plism at lbe residenC'C of 3Tt·vulabl... SCOI .... h fllmil}·. lOll:; wuled. ill th" distrief. TbI' cour.... ofthe rin'r is '·cr,. ...ircuitoll.lI. 1100:11 11><'"" are gt'lIet:llly ronllitl"r~ble

p"lchu of IIlh"'ial land 011 onc or otber of ils b.:lnks. Ibe ....· a.....manr stll;lll !'lln". of a thr;"illg nppellr~"ce alon,; il5 co"r.ie. Aboutfl)ur mil{'s bo.-Io ... 0110g0';, on Ihe ro,,<110 Cb....·nce To..-u. Ilurnedasid ... 10 Ihe Idt 10 lIt.'t.' Ill" farm of Ihe .:\le..r•. Ila"I"', 11I"ll ......l"'~t­abl~ llnmnrriw s..:olcluuen, frllm th... n~'ghbourhood of GI3S:;"'"who. I had be... n told. wer" tbe besl pr'.leli<·al farmers in the d;'l1·i~l .Tltc)' muely renl 40 aUd or all""'ial lalld. of the first 'IlIalil}·.1\'011I the i\1~ssrll. Ilooke, ""kllsi,·... Ilrol'ri~lOr. l)f 1:11)(1 :'Inu ilu,"",011 Willi"",', \liyer; of 1I"I,ie!>:l0 n~""1I "n' ,'kare,1 3nd iu ""hi'a_ti"n,lheir prclcut r{'ulal being l)u1r tit. :I ~·'·lIr. ~l~s.rll. Ihxta·.

230 mSTOln' 0)' NE\\' SOU1'U WALES,

farm form, l penilllula, being lll.·nly sUlT()undcd by 'b, 0"h 'I" ver'l\ud

I e 501 I! of SlIl'JI'lS5lng f("r!ilitr, ,bo..in" J ,) f("el deep 0' 'b .'Id I ' , - <> • e r'chesl

mOll - dId nOI ascert:uD ..h,u ("XII'n1 of <tound 'h b d' h ~3h~In ... ~at, or ...bat had been Ihe rate of produce; bUI Ihe mailcrop_the ~ond crop or stubble COtu, nftl'T the wheat ehad yielded 80 bushels 10 Ihe acl'(", The)' had two an,l, h ,',t

op_

fb I ' "aacreso 10 aceo, t le produce of whIch, allloullliug to t\l'O tOilS 10 ,I deOll,tractffi 10,-self to M", Pill, nmanufacturer of the artic;e i:)"r~:1Maul~lld, at a1t.f, ,per Ib, Now tllis is ,urel}' a. remlLneralill assquatU,llg, and It sho,.' .... hat is 10 be eXP'f'C'ttd from Ibe IO~ ine:>:t~n,,1'c tT:::lcts of th" ~DlrJ, und("1' a jUdieiou, .,.slem of culli.~1l()D. But tbe G:rell dlfficully bt're, u else .... bere, is tI,e .'DI of'~llr, T~ Mess~, B:lJ:lt'r had had 1"0 labourers _ free immi.

gm Is, b~u;;ht OUI Hl,OIlt' of Ihe G01'eTDlllenl ships._ but tbe)' bad~Il obtige<l ~o gel rId of them before they had been more thans'x moulh. 'll"uh tbem, M they W('re persons of .neh n eharuetcrtha\ther could not eonsiuer their lil'e, safe, so long as Ih(",. rem~inedou t e fnl'n" i'lLr, Baxter added Ibat if Ibev C<luld only ~ ,Ihrte su("h labo - <>~' "'0 orthl' I ,urers ~s the f~rm Sl"nllnlS of the "'1'1t of Seolland

Y COn d easIly den ~OOf, a-Jen off Iheir farm 'h Bnl ...bal I felt the ItfU.I~t illte,,"t ill "

~:~a;~ f:-;; ~mall plat of eOIlOO_abou,::n:u:~t;I:~:~::~R" ( ProcllrN, Ihrou~h A. Warren );'.- W'I'" "

"'er, rom S. Donaldson Esq i\ '---t', I lam SIbre.:: feel apart, Ihe usu~i dis;'a~:~~'n Ith~dbeen ~Ianll'd iD roll's,evidl'utl)' l'e'luire to he I ~. South Carolina; hm it willthe ~llllvial laud of ,'" I' nnl(" III to.... fi"e 01' si.~ feel upnrt in

UIS,",Ouutry Tthal ' dground at Messrs, BUler's, and ;he I ('o'ere .'he whol(" of Iheclose to each other c>, , ' p ,aDls ...ere ev,dentl)' mll("h too

. ~me 11 'I was In bIpoo.4 fairl)' formed and re$l' W' OSSOOJ; otbH plalll$ hadfhese plallts Mr, Bnter ,""Ill ~~g a small pear; lDd on one of

orm"" nl(" he had500 pods! He wn i:llis6ed il Id C'Ot1Dled np..ards ofdimate of this COllQtr)' admira:

ou'l~oS'rr~r fot Loth the t;oil ~nd

prospect of remuneratill em I y. ere IS th("reforl' a bouodll'SSlioll in this lll'lluch of el~' ~ o)'Inellt for an agricultural Ilopuln-

"Afto' a ride of I 'l,vall~n on thel<l rivers,n, we "e ""ll's thro I I"n~lel'l-oceasion:lll)' gellin a ' ug I t I~ bll~h, frOIll M("ssrs.

' ..lIon fal'ms ai,' g peep UI the 1',1'("1' and at lh" ,,"b lIg lis eour&c_] '. u I­

I "population of Clal"Cll~ T luehed Clal'('IlCC Towu, \\'h~1bUI ...a.slldb· o..n may 11(:1 I Ido t at It "'as mueh it. ("ou UOI ascert~ill,_____ u enOt 10 DlIlJgog, .... hid" a. I ha,'c

They "'ere re I T'1 By th<: ("ellS"::/;8S:p~rat)' boys,

, IIIlPI>eara lo]x, 193,

Tnt DU/Io'TER ANI> lL\X'~L."'G R1VET',$, 231

~lre;l'h observed, ("Qtlld boast of onl,. .:lOO inh"'bitanu, 3ishop'f,'rr("l1, from New("astl(", had been in Ihe place some lime before,nnd ..h('n uking wheTl' th(" 10WII ...."s, w"s told he ..as Ihen in themiddle of il, I could re:ulily believe Ihe story, for ( e'-'nfess therei. ver)' little to ~ tieen bllt Ire("s.

"Clnrellee 'l'own i8 beautifully sill"'led, with a broad river infront, a n"'lllr",1 terra«l running along ita right b.1nk, and a finerange of Ililll llTeM"nting a oold outline on Ihe opposite side. It isIlot quill" al tbe ht>ad of Ihe na1'igation, but it o«upies the point...here the road 10 DUllgog st1'i1r.es Ihe ri.'er, Air. Lo...e, till' ship­baildl'f, had a ve$l("l on Ihe stocks at his building·,."rd ("\05e to Ihetownship.

" As a heavy thullder shower, ...bich 'II'"S follolrtd b)'" genllel1Iin for all hour ~nd a halt; came Oh just a3 I had reaehoo the innut Clarenee Town, I had only aOOnl an hOllr and a balf ofdarlighlremaining when I staned for the Palterson, ~nd il soon got quitedark, Tbe "alle)'s of the P"t1erson and \\'i1liam's Ri~ers aresep..~I'ated from ("~eh olbn h)' '" di"iding range of "er)' consider­able ele~ation, whi("h t("nnilUltn on WilliaUl', Rh-er ~I Porphyry"ainl. On the road from "atlHSOn 10 DungO'.;, Ibis "'lIge il calledIhe WaJbro!la Hill. On lhe road from Clareo("e TowlI to the Pal_tC1'I011, il ill (""lied the Hungry Hill I bad nnn IT:::Inlled theroad before; bal presuminG: that my horse had done 10, lll'ft themaU("r prell)' mu("h ill hi. hands, Tbere h"d been an l"xteusi1'efire on the mountaiu, which had quite obliterated Ihe Irack in som"plae(:S, und , eOlll<lnol help admiring thc sngaei1r of the ~llilllul infindiug it again repeatedly wh("n wc h~d lost it, although 'll"C diddiffer in "pinion oceasionallr ai to the proper roule. It "'~s uiuco'dock ..hen I 1't':tched '" Ihoemaker's hut in thl' '-:Iller ot tb("Pat\erlOll, ...bo I'coposet.l that I should gi"e all appre-lui("e 00" hl'had a shilling to mount a horse of his alld guide me b)' 11l1' nlllllr­rons slip·rails 1(1 the pUlll, T(I tbis arrangewfIlt I gladl,. :U'l'nt<"d.and I found m" guide au imelligl'nl boy, Ihe son (If ODe of thrfrN immigrant. from France, who had b....... u sent Ollt I(> the c<>lon)"b)' the ilom>! Go,'er>Hllcllt 'hOI'fly aftcr th~ la.t Fr~ncb ll""olu,tiou. It w~s teu o'clock b('fore I reached In)' t"'ol!ler's. and lrctumed 10 S)'dnc)' b), Ibe ROle stealllel' 011 :::'~tllrday e"I'uiug,"

The squatting dish'jcts or Bligh, U ......,·pool Pll1ins, N("\,England, and Gl\')'<lir, comprisiug 11 \'l1~t extent "I' P3S_

lI)1':al countr)' 10 tI,e northwanl aud 1l0rth-\\hIWl1r,I, aI','all connected with the Hunter's Hill'!' ,li~tricl; Ih.,ir pro-

232 IIISTOr.1" OF NEW SOUTH WAI.r,s,

duce, chiefly wool and tallow, bring fOTII'unlcl! fOl' Cl.:­]Jorllltion 10 London IJrincipnlly by way of Mailland.The district of Lil'crpool Plains is Y.."IJnratcd from tll(!county of Brisbane b)' n range of mouutains, ca\le<l theLil'cl'pool rrlnge, of the ascent of which, as well M of the!ph}"sicnl character of the countl]' generally. n descriptionby the «Icbrnted tru\'ellcr, Dr. Leichhardt. will be foundin page 195.

Liverpool Plains comprise nn area of 16,901 squ:\l'C

miles, amI are 921 fect above the !c\'c1 of the sea: theIJrincipal entrance from the eastward is by a pnS5, dis­cO"cred by the lale Alan CUllningham, Esq., ctllled Pan­dura's PaM. The town of Tamll'onh, 011 the Peel Hil'crwhich is noli' the centre of an cXlcnsil'C gold field, ha~already a population of 25-1- PPfSOllS; the AgriculturalCompany's Estates of nearly 600.000 acres being ill theimmediate neighhourllood.

The squatting district of New England forms a paral.lelogram of about 130 miles in length, f.'om south tonorth, and 100 in breadth, from east to west, comprisingan, ~rea of 13,100 square miles, or upw:u'ds of eight

,1I.lI~l1ons of acres, It consists of clcl'ated table laud,I'lSlllg gradually for thirt}' miles from the summit of theeo~t range to the westwal'd of Port Macquarie, and thenfall.lIlg gradually for a similar distance towardll the ill­te~lor; the. more elevated pm"tion of the Pluius or Downshemg eOI~s.d('rabl)' upwllrds of 3000 feet high, wllile thesurroulldlllg mountains tower upwards to 6000 f, d

f, I cet, allare requent), covered with snow_ The climate is cOllse.quelltl~· much colder thall 011 the coast "1'·. I

• l' "IZ... (oes 1I0tgr.lIIY, but ~ohhe~t'8 eoi'll, a small sjJecies of maize. called~) ~~c Itahans clllqmmtillo, from iu coming to maturityIn ly dayi, Succeeds well. Wheatlms ne"cr failed TICOulltrr is thinly wo did . lestn:H1lllS with I'of'ky i.I~U Cl 'b~~ ~\'ell \:-atered b)' Ilumerousill Scotlallu '" . \l~ Y eds, hke IlIollnlain slL-eams

, ,e 80,1 18 gel 11 r Iductive; anu tile eo t lern y Ig .1, but "ery Ilro·

UII ry, Wilh its rich crops and green

111E IIUNTF.1t A~J) )1A..'"1iING mnms. 233

fields, has fInite all English IIspect. Armidale, n risinglown in New Englnllll, has already l\ population of 556.It is 270 miles from l\Iaitland, and 370 from Sydney_New England is decidel!ly n pastoral country, havinglllrelllly 1,90,'1, J:H sheep, besides hOfllecl cattle lInd ho~'scs;

but a large I}()rtioll of il is admirably adllpttd for llgncul.ture, and it is capable of supporting a. numerous popu!?­lion. In shorl, Ihere is prohably as much good ~and I,nNew England as in the whole colony of Van DLeman s

l.and.

rrrSTORICAL AND STATISTICAL

ACCOU~T

0'

NEW SOUTII WALES

.I Y1SIT TO TilE GOLD REGIOXS.

•"0 ,

\lTI'll ... X f-~TI\I,\TE Ot' TIll: 1'11(>J)lllU: IlI;$ULTS or 1'111'

CHE.IT DI<Co)'·r:lI\.

lW

.JOIIN DU.N:\[QRE ~ANd, 0.0. A.i\I.~tn'H\ O\t or T"~ _UJIc,',"y,""'. "1 '''" <H\ ,.r .,."" I. nm

'U.'·Lll·".''''''q,...., ~V' ,,'0.11 .. tu.;

""'00'.' "r,,~r. "f THr ".,~" ",,,,, rr (W n,,, •. or ,"l ')I[."'.~

00"" ... '$1[1\ ..." ..., ,"~ ''''un """'" "r 0.,,,,,IX TO" " •• III>

THIRD EDITION;

Illtl'l(:I"'G OOWS 1'11£ III,TOIlY or 1'111:: eN.O:>'Y TO Till:

rJlIST or JI'U", I_ ~.

1:'1' TWO YOl.IJJ\U:s. _ VOl.. 11.

T.ONDON;

LONGl\IAN, IWOWN, CBEEN, AND LONGi'lL\N:;:.

I85:!.