the greater iranian bundahishn: a pahlavi student's 2013 guide

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The Greater Iranian BundahishnA Pahlavi Student's 2013 Guide

byZeke J.V. Kassock

B.A. in Linguistics & Middle Eastern Languages&

Self-Student in Pahlavi Studies

Fredericksburg, VA2013

Copyright © 2013 Zeke KassockAll rights reserved.

Kassock Pahlavi Reproductionsof

Kassock Bros. Publishing Co.ISBN: 1481013998

ISBN-13: 978-1481013994

First Edition

Other works by author:Facsimile Of

The Complete Text Of The Pahlavi DinkardVolume I: Books III - V

(2012)

The Boof Of Arda VirafA Pahlavi Student's 2012 Rendition, Transcription And Translation

(2012)

The Book Of Arda VirafLiterary Edition

(2012)

Author contact information:[email protected]

Author photograph courtesy of Ashleigh Buyers Photography And Design ©

Special Thanks To:Jeffrey Murdoc Anderson, Nina Bensinger, Lawton Clites, Isaac Kassock,

Mohammad Mesbahi, Marcus Samuels, Emily Scheckles,Mary & Thomas Wehman & Family & Friends

Dedicated To:Those who have contributed to the restoration

and continuation of the Zoroastrian culture and heritage.

In Loving Memory Of:Leocadia & Alvin Janis

Table Of ContentsIntroduction i Chapter 17A 236Preface 2 Chapter 18 238Title Introduction 4 Chapter 19 246Chapter 1 5 Chapter 19A 248Chapter 1A 28 Chapter 20 249Chapter 2 41 Chapter 21A 253Chapter 3 50 Chapter 21B 256Chapter 4 63 Chapter 21C 258Chapter 5 77 Chapter 21D 264Chapter 5A 82 Chapter 21E 265Chapter 5B 90 Chapter 22 269Chapter 6A 99 Chapter 23 279Chapter 6B 102 Chapter 24 282Chapter 6C 110 Chapter 25 297Chapter 6D 113 Chapter 26 304Chapter 6E 115 Chapter 27 331Chapter 6F 117 Chapter 28 345Chapters 6G & 6H 121 Chapter 29 356Chapters 6I & 6J 123 Chapter 30 361Chapter 7 126 Chapter 31 369Chapter 8 132 Chapter 32 376Chapter 9 136 Chapter 33 380Chapter 10 150 Chapter 34 393Chapter 11 157 Chapter 35 403Chapter 11A 161 Chapter 35A 416Chapter 11B 170 Chapter 36 419Chapter 11C 172 Colophon TD2 423Chapter 12 174 Appendix A 424Chapter 13 179Chapter 14 193Chapter 14A 205Chapter 14B 206Chapter 15 208Chapter 15A 214Chapter 16 218Chapter 16A 227Chapter 17 229

Introduction i

Preface

The Bundahishn is a collection of ideas, cosmogonies, cosmologies, histories, genus species and geographies. Most information is from pre-Sassanian Iran and Sassanian Iran, though some is from post-Islamic Iran. It can be divided into two categories, the Greater (Iranian) Bundahishn, and the Lesser (Indian) Bundahishn. This text deals with the Greater, which is about twice as long. The Greater Bundahishn was discovered by scholars after the Lesser, resulting in unique chapter numbers, as it had to accomodate the Lesser. The result is having chapters: such as 19, 19A, 20, and so forth.

Neither Bundahishn is considered scripture. It draws heavily from the Avesta and Zoroastrianism, often starting sentences with "Gōwēd pad Dēn kū", "It is said in the Religion."

Books Used In Writing

The base manuscript that this book was read from is that of Ervad Tahmuras Dinshaji Anklesaria, and his text The Bundahishn: Being A Facsimile Of The TD Manuscript No. 2 (1908). I refer to this text as Anklesaria 1908 in this book. I cross-referenced this book with that of Behramgore Tahmuras Anklesaria and his text Zand-Ākāsīh: Iranian Or Greater Bundahishn (1956). I refer to this text as Anklesaria 1956.

I wrote the entire text and transliteration by hand. For the proper spelling for the raw Pahlavi and transcription (that could be found), I used MacKenzie's A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary (1986). There were several words that could not be found or verified, these are underlined in the Pahlavi script section, and in italics in the transliteration and translation sections. Words with alternate translations were put in brackets [ ]'s.

Words and phrases that were in Anklesaria 1956, and not in Anklesaria 1908, have been put in bold typeface in the transliteration section. Due to the nature of Pahlavi, some things that are implied in the language, but are not represented, are put in paranthesis ( )'s. This helps the English understanding of the text.

The font used has its limitations, the Ham-Dibirih font. For example,

ii The Greater Iranian Bundahishn

is used for the name Srōš. The / s / and the / r / do not connect very ضجافدغ

well. If connected, it would look like either ئئجافدغ or ضدجافدغ , which would be awkward in reading. I took the font into consideration when typing this book, as well as how handwritten Pahlavi should look, and blended the two together.

I have typed and edited the manuscript from Anklesaria 1908 to match the transcription from Anklesaria 1956, and edited the transcription from Anklesaria 1956 to a more modern understanding of spelling. For readers of Anklesaria 1908, this should be a welcome aid, because the original text is 240 pages with very little punctuation or line breaks of any kind. I also retranslated the text using MacKenzie's dictionary. This effort should not be taken as a replacement for either book, but should be used as an aid to understanding for them. As a Pahlavi student myself, this book was made with students in mind for furthering their Pahlavi studies.

I can be reached at the following email for questions or comments:[email protected]

I present a Pahlavi student's guide to the Greater Iranian Bundahishn. May it help the Zoroastrian community, as well as the Pahlavi scholarly community as an aid.

Zeke KassockJanuary 21, 2013

Fredericksburg, VA

1

The Greater Iranian BundahishnA Pahlavi Student's 2013 Guide

2 The Greater Iranian Bundahishn

Preface

غفژغثفژا ئ صکتغج ووسغ ئ ندغصژهئ ئ صقهوهئ ئ غجاضدفل 0غىغفق ئ صژغى ئ تاب وغى ئ سغضتا وست وخت واجفکت لاا سثآفژ كب فژ

ى اافژ غشغى صکژ ئ سثآاصژ ا صکژ ئ ضتثب /(0) Xšāyišn ī Dādār Ohrmazd, ī rāyōmand ī xwarrahōmand ī harwisp-āgāh ī dānāg

ī tuwānag ī mahist; humat, hūxt, huwaršt pad menišn, gōwišn, kunišn; hamāg yazdān ī mēnōgān ud yazdān ī gētīyān.

(0) Rejoicing of the Creator Ohrmazd, who is majestic, glorious, omniscient, wise, able and the greatest; (with) good thoughts, good words, good deeds in meditation, speech, actions; (and) unto all of the heavenly spirits and earthly spirits.

لاا اكى صدغفژا ا ولا هجاغى ب اصژاس الفکت لاا تائ خکتج ئ اكى1 لاا ثضتاجصدغ ئ صکژا كضتا ئ غشغى غنتا ئ خدغندغثصدغ انلصتغج ئ ى الى

ئ غضتاا ئ فکدفلثنژ لضقآائ ثضتان ئ صقآا ئسثآاكضتا ئ صکژا فژغفق ئ تو وافدغى جاب و ضدفلاثصکتا سخدغ ااصکت جاضتاس فکتااصدغجثضفکدفلثنژ ئ سغگ

ةتثب اا ب اا صدغفژا/(1) Pad nēk dahišn ud xūb-murwāg, xwāham nibišt, pad did axtar ī nēk, pad

dastwarīh ī Yazdān-dōst ī hamāg-xrad ī ahlāyīh-warzīdār ī kirbag-dōst ī Yazdān-šnās ī mēnōg-wēn ī wehān-passandēnd, dastwar ī Dēn ī weh ī Māzdēsnān, Anōšag Ruwān Spend-dād Māh-Windād Rūstōm Šahryār, nibēš Bun-dahišnīh.

(1) By good dispensation and good omens, I will write, in the second good constellation, during the authority of the friend of God, with all wisdom, practicer of righteousness, friend of good-deeds-doers, God-recognizer, spiritual-seer, loved by the good, scribe of the good religion of the Mazdaeans, Spend-dad Mah-Windad Rustom Shahryar of the Immortal Soul, author of the Bundahishn.

ه ستاا ئ تخلظوا ا# عندوفکتاا جاغىكصت حقفکژا كفدغصقآصدغ ا 2 كفکژخدغصدغ ه ى صژ وصقآصدغ ا ه صقآا ب انتغنژا خلجشظصدغ وخلت ا اجصلو

صژااتا صژااصت هصدغصکدغ ئ گالج ا خلخت ئ وچى صدغ هكسو سكفژصدغ ئ ى اافژاندغضت چثم هصدغ ه غفقب ختصدغ ا صژفژا ئ لختجم وچت/

Preface 3

(2) Az madan ī Tāzīgān ō Ērānšahr, rawāgēnīd īšān duš-dēnīh ud duš-xwāhīh, az Kayān hu-dēnīh, ud az dēn-burdārān azarmīgīh, ānāft ud wirēzān būd bawēd; saxwanīhā ī zofr ud ābād, hu-čimagīh tis-ān, menišnīh ī kunišn, rāst čim saxwan, az ayādīh ud dānišn ī pāyram ōzad.

(2) From the coming of the Arabs to the land of the Iranians, they [the Arabs] propagated their heterodoxy and ill-wills, (and) the good religion disappeared and fled from the Kayans, and respect from the faithful; deep and thriving words, good reasoning of things, thoughts of actions, words of true reason, (all) have been killed from the memory and knowledge of the people.

صقآا ب انتغنژا ا#اتگمژصدغ ندع اجهچ ه كتى ئ خلجمژظو ا ى صژا 3 ا جثضتى ئ اجهفکژ كفدغصقآو كسصکت ا لاا خلجث ة ئ وصقآو هصدغ اندغم

اجهچ هافدغ لاا4ب نکدغم ا لجضتفژ ا ى تى لاا خژى عجائ صدغفکت وهئ/ كه لنکژئ ا نکل غهختاا ى غشى صژاات ه صقآغى صقآغى لاا غجئ ا جاچ ا

كفژغجصدغ ا# الفدغه ى اتاا فکدغضت ندغ تاب و صژاات/

(3) Wad-zamānīh rāy, ōy-iz az dūdag ī abarmāndagān, ud Kayān dēn-burdārān, ō raham ud ristag ī awēšān duš-dēnān gumēxt; ud pad abarag, ān ī hu-dēnān saxwan ud brahm ud paristišn ud kardag, pad āhōg, ērang dāšt hēnd. (4) Ōy-iz kē-šh, pad ēn frahang ud rāz hammōxtan kāmag būd, az gyāg gyāg, pad harg ud ranj ud duš-wārīh, ō xwēš kardan šāyist nē tuwān būd.

(3) On the account of evil times, even from the families of the privileged, and the Kay faithful, mixed into the faith and manner of those of the heterodoxy; and for the (sake of) the prestigious, they have held the words, dress, worship and actions of the religious in error with blemish. (4) He too, who had the desire for learning these knowledges[sciences] and secrets, could not possibly make them his own, from varying places, with effort, trouble and difficulty.


Title Introduction

ة گائ غى خقصدغ اگثضت ^ ب اافکتصدغ ئ ووسغ ا لصتخدغجى صدغ ئ 0 كاغى سثآائ خدغ# ^ چصقآصدغ ئ ضکژ صدغم ه ب ااصدغفژصدغ ائ لنلغم ئ تاا ئ لضقآا چصقآا ه صقآا ئ سغضتو لصتغى خدغ# ^ چب اا ئ ه ى صژا صدغصقآاصت لاا

اچغجفژصدغ سهصدغ ا چصقآاصدغ/

(0) Ān zand-āgāhīh: nazdist, abar buništīh ī Ohrmazd ud petyāragīh ī Gannāg Mēnōg; pas, abar čiyōnīh ī gēhān dām, az bundahišn tā frazām ī tan ī passēn, čiyōn az dēn ī Māzdēsnān paydāg; pas, abar xīr ī az Kayān dārēd; pad wizārišnīh, čē-īh ud čiyōnīh.

(0) The explanation of knowledge: first, on the origin of Ohrmazd and the adversary the Evil Spirit; then, on the nature of the earthly creations, from the primal creation until the completion of the Final Body, as is revealed in the Mazdaean religion; then, on the possessions which the Kayans hold, with an explanation, essence and nature.

Chapter 1 5

لاا فکدفلثجصقآا وكا لصتغى عط ووسغ ب غجثضتظ لاا غجاضل 1گمژ ئ غى اغجى % جافژصدغ غشع صژاات/غى غفقصدغ ا اصدغصدغ

(1) Pad weh-dēn, ōwōn paydāg kū: Ohrmazd bālistīg, pad harwisp-āgāhīh ud wehīh, zamān ī akanārag, andar rōšnīh, hamē būd.

(1) In the good religion, thus is revealed: Ohrmazd was exalted, through omniscience and goodness, for limitless time, in radiance.

ة جافژصدغ صکق ا صقآغى ئ ووسغ غصتا ها غضن جافژصدغ ثهاااصت ا ة 2ئ ووسغ غصتا ها صقآا ثهاااصت صقآا غمغشع غجاضل غى غفقصدغ ا اصدغصدغ

ئ غى اغجى چصقآا ووسغ ا صکق اگمژ ى اغ ثب اچغجفژ خقآى ة ئ غشع ئ ,,,,,,,,,صژااتا وهئئ ووسغ گمژ اصدغصدغ ا صقآا ا

(2) Ān rōšnīh gāh ud gyāg ī Ohrmazd; ast kē 'Asar Rōšnīh' gōwēd; ud ān harwisp-āgāhīh ud wehīh, hamē ī Ohrmazd; ast kē dēn gōwēd; dēn im har dō wizārišn: ēk, ān ī hamē, ī Zamān ī A-kanārag; čiyōn Ohrmazd ud Gāh ud Wehīh ud Dēn ud Zamān ī Ohrmazd būd hēnd; ........................

(2) The light is the throne and place of Ohrmazd; it is such that it is called 'Endless Light'; and the omniscience and goodness, are forever of Ohrmazd; there one is who calls it revelation; revelation (that has) the explanation of both of these: one, that of the eternal, that of Limitless Time; as were Ohrmazd, Space[place], Goodness, Revelation, and Time of Ohrmazd; ..........................

$ % تغجظصدغ لاا خدغ# صژفژصدغ ا حتغجى غشصدغ گالجفلغظ 3صژاات/

(3) Ahriman, andar tārīkīh, pad pas-dānišnīh ud zadār-kāmīh, zofr-pāyag būd.


(3) Ahriman was deep in darkness, due to after-knowledge and destructive-desires.

غضنها غصتا صقآغى تغجظصدغ خلفدغ حتغجى غشى صدغ خدغم ا ة 4ثهاااصت/تغجظصدغ

(4) Uš zadār-kāmagīh xām; ud ān tārīkīh gyāg; ast kē 'Asar Tārīkīh' gōwēd.

(4) His destructive-desire is raw; and that darkness is his location; there is one who calls it 'Endless Darkness'.

كسصلفژهافدغ خلفکژ سخژ تاغظصدغ صژاات غصتا ها اع ثهااائ 5/لتفدغ

(5) Ušān mayān tuhīgīh būd, ast kē Way gōwēnd, kēš gumēzišn padiš.

(5) Between them was the void[emptiness], there are those who call it Ether[Atmosphere], which is a mixing upon them.

سه ب غجصضتصدغ7ى اغ ثب وهئ ى اغجى وهثصدغ ا غى اغجى وهثصدغ/ 6 تغجظصدغ اة ئ غضن جافژصدغ ثهااائ عط ندغ ضنژهئ ا گالجفلغظ ة ئ غضن

ا لاا اثهئ ى اغ ثب ى اغجى وهئ عطفکژ سخژ8ة غصتا غى اغجصدغ/ تاغظصدغ خقآى ا# تائ لتاضت وهئ/

(6) Har dō hēnd kanārōmandīh ud a-kanārōmandīh. (7) Čē bālistīh ān ī asar rōšnīh gōwēd, kū nē sarōmand; ud zofr-pāyag ān ī Asar Tārīkīh ud ān ast a-kanārīh. (8) Ud pad wimand, har dō kanārōmand kū-šān, mayān tuhīgīh, ēk ō did nē paywast hēnd.

(6) Both have finiteness and infiniteness. (7) For the exaltedness is that which is called the Endless Light, that it is not limited; and the depth is that which is Endless Darkness and that is infinite. (8) And due to the boundary, both are limited, which

Chapter 1 7

between them is a void, one is not connected to the other.

ا تائ/ 10/ لاا الفدغه تاا ى اغجى وهئئ سثآاا تائ ى اغ ثب و / 9 ى اغ هكس % صژفژ ئ ووسغ ى اغجى وهئ سهغجاضل غىخقصدغ ئ ووسغ ندع

ا تائ ب ااظ لختغفکدغصدغ ئ صدغم 11/ وصتاائ لتسغآئ سثآاة ئ ى اغ ثب و جاب فژصدغ ا ة غصتا غى اغجى صدغ/غشع ا تاا ئ لضقآا غشع ئ ووسغ لاا

ب صتا ةچتاا ئ لضقآا ا صدغم ئ $ لاا ة گمژ ب اغ خلضصدغآئ غمت 12غصتا ى اغجى وهثصدغ/

(9) Ud did, dōān mēnōg pad xwēš tan kanāragōmand. (10) Ud did, harwisp-āgāhīh ī Ohrmazd rāy, har tis[čēš?] andar dāhišn ī Ohrmazd kanāragōmand; čē ān ī har dōān mēnōg paymān dānēnd. (11) Ud did, bowandag pādixšāyīh ī dām ī Ohrmazd, pad Tan ī Passēn, tā hamē ud hamē rawišnīh; ud ān ast akanāragīh. (12) Ud dām ī Ahriman, pad ān zamān, bē abesīhēnd, ka Tan ī Passēn bawēd; ān-iz ast kanāragōmandīh.

(9) And again, both spirits are limited themselves. (10) And again, on the account of Ohrmazd's omniscience, everything (that is) in Ohrmazd's creation is limited; for they know the treaty of both spirits. (11) And again, (there will be) complete authority of the creatures of Ohrmazd, at the Final Body, until eternity; and that is limitless. (12) And the creatures of Ahriman, in that time, will be destroyed, as it becomes the Final Body; that also is limited.

غصتا ^كاغى سثآائ لاا غجاضل غىخقصدغ وصتاات عط ووسغ 13 وصکلصت ا اخقآاصت لاا غجفدغى ىغشى صدغچ چصقآا كسصلصت ^ لجى و ^ لنلغم لاا

ثصکدغ ة صدغم ئ لاا ة خلحدغج %سثآا^ لجى و ^ چائ خلحدغنژ خلفدغ خلغصت لاخل ب جصکقآصت/

(13) Ohrmazd, pad harwisp-āgāhīh, dānist: kū “Gannāg Mēnōg ast, abar hendēzēd ud gīrēd, pad arešk-kāmagīh-iz čiyōn gumēzēd, abar fragān, abar frazām, pad abar fragān abar čand abzārān;” uš, mēnōgīhā, ān dām, ī pad ān abzār, andar abāyēd, frāz brēhēnīd.


(13) Ohrmazd knew, through omniscience that: “The Evil Spirit exists, who will plan and seize, through jealous-desire and even mix, the supporters, to the end, with the supporters of several agents;” He created, spiritually, those creatures who are required for those agents.

غب جط فژتا صدغم سثآاثظ ظاثهاخت عط صژاات وهئ غمقآصتغج ا14غجاغى ا غثجفلتغج/

(14) Sē hazār sāl, pad dām mēnōgīg ēstād, kū: būd hēnd a-menīdār ud a-rawag ud a-griftār.

(14) (For) three thousand years, they stood[remained?] in a spiritual creation, they were unthinking, unmoving and intangible.

غخدغ# صژفژصدغ ندع ه غصتاصدغ ئ ووسغ وغى صدكاغى سثآائ 15 16صژاات خدغ# ه ة گالغظ خدغصلصت ا# اثهئ ئ ضتغج ئ جافژ ست/

حتغجى غشى صدغ غجفدغىلتجاتاغمتفدغ غضتاات ووسغ ة جافژصدغ غثجفلتج خلفدغ خدغ# غضتاات چثجصدغ ا17كغجصدغ ندع هجاچكصتاا تى ^ ى ات/

ا# تس كب غجضت ى نقآصت ى ب ئ فککدغنژغج الفدغه خلجاصلصدغ ئ لنژ ه ة ئ ة صدغم ئ هجاچكصتغج اخکل ا# غنتظثجصدغ/

(15) Gannāg Mēnōg, pas-dānišnīh rāy, az hastīh ī Ohrmazd anāgāh būd; pas az ān zofāyīg āxēzēd, ō wimand ī stār ī rōšn(ān) mad. (16) Ka-š dīd Ohrmazd, ān rōšnīh, a-griftār Patrūw, zadār-kāmagīh ud arešk-gōhrīh rāy, pad murnjēnīdan, tag abar kard. (17) Uš, pas dīd čērīh ud abarwēzīh, ī frāx az ān ī xwēš, abāz ō tom dwārist, kirrēnīd was dēw, ān dām ī murnjēnīdār, niyāz ō ardīkkarīh.

(15) The Evil Spirit, on account of after-knowledge, was unaware of the existence of Ohrmazd; then from arising from that depth, came to the frontier of the shining stars. (16) As he saw Ohrmazd, that luminance, that unseizable luster[?], on account of destructive-desire and malicious-nature, he attacked forth for destruction. (17) He then saw bravery and victory, that great(er) than his own, scattered back to the darkness, (mis)created many demons, those which are destroyers of creatures, (with)

Chapter 1 9

want for battle.

^هاضت صدغم ئندغغضتاات كاغى سثآائ غمتفدغ صدغم ئ ووسغ 18ضدغمقآ ئ لاتى ئ اتى ا كفدغصدغ خلفدغ ندغ ب انلصت وهئ/

(18) Ohrmazd, ka-š dām ī Gannāg Mēnōg dīd, [nē?] sahist dām ī sahmgēn ī pūdag ī wadag ud dušīh; uš nē burzīd hēnd.

(18) Ohrmazd, as He saw the creatures of the Evil Spirit, it did [not?] seem to Him creatures that are terrible, rotten, wicked and evil; He was not honored[pleased?] by them.

غضتاات ^هاضت ى ب ئ صدغم ئ گالجووسغ صدغم ئ كاغى سثآائ خدغ19#غشع لااضدفژصدغ خلفدغ ب انلصت ة ئ ووسغ صدغم ئ صدغفژصدغ/

(19) Pas, Gannāg Mēnōg dām ī Ohrmazd dīd; sahist was dām ī zofr hamē pursišnīh; uš burzīd ān ī Ohrmazd dām ī dahišnīh.

(19) Then, the Evil Spirit saw the creations of Ohrmazd; they seemed very deep[acute] creatures (to him); the creatures and creation of Ohrmazd honored[pleased] him[Ohrmazd?].

لنلغم ئ ى غج ا# ئغصقآا ووسغ جاتهچ سه خقآكى وصتااضت ئ 20 ^ ا# صدغمكاغى سثآائ ثفکت ^ صدغفکت ا كلت عط كاغى سثآائ لتثجى ئ

جصدغ ضجاا ضتغثفژ صدغب اا ائ لاا ة لختصدغفژ غشجئ ا غگجمژ اغفقب ئ ج غفقآغفژ ا خلاغفژ صژااثب /

(20) Ēg Ohrmazd, abāg-iz čē ēwēnag, dānist ī frazām ī kār, ō ī padīrag ī Gannāg Mēnōg āštīh abar dāšt, ud guft kū: “Gannāg Mēnōg, abar ō dām ī man ayārīh bar, ud stayišn dah, tā pad ān pādāšn, a-marg ud a-zarmān ud a-sōhišn ud apōhišn bawē.


(20) Then Ohrmazd, with whatever means, knew the end of the affairs, and offered peace to the adversary, the Evil Spirit, and said: “Evil Spirit, bring aid[friendship] upon my creatures, give praise, so in reward, you may become deathless, ageless, hunger-less[unfeeling] and incorruptible1.”

ب الفدغه ندغ غى غجثب اخلفدغ چثم كه عط خت غنتظ ندغ ضدغجثآثب 21ا#سغآ ا ى اغ ثب و فقآت خلغجصکدغ/

(21) Uš čim ēn, kū: “Agar ardīg nē sārēnē, xwad nē agārē, ud ō-mān har dōān sūd-abārīhā.”

(21) It's reason is this, that: “If if you do not provoke battle, you will not render yourself powerless, and advantage-providing (will be) upon us both.”

جصدغ ندغغفقب عط ندغ ضجااس ا# صدغم ئ جى كاغى سثآائ خلفدغ ثندغضت 22 جافژصدغغشع ا غشع صدغب ااس ضتغثفژ ب اغ جى ا صدغمچ ئ جى هجاچكس ائ

خکلثم غجاضل صدغم ئ جى ا# خقآضتصدغ ئ جى ا كضتصدغ ئ ج/

(22) Uš drāyīd Gannāg Mēnōg kū: “Nē baram, ō dām ī tō ayārīh nē daham stāyišn, bē tō ud dāmiz ī tō murjēnam, tā hamē ud hamē rawišnīh; bē hāzēm harwisp dām ī tō, ō a-dōstīh ī tō ud dōstīh ī man.”

(22) The Evil Spirit chattered: “I will not bring (peace), I will not give aid[friendship] to your creatures, nor praise, I will destroy you and your creatures too, until eternity; I will convert all of your creatures, to unfriendship to you and friendship to me.”

ووسغ % اجه خلغجىخلفدغ اچغجفژ كه عطفدغ لاا وغ صدغفکت 23وغ ندع غفکتصدغ جاك صدغصقآاصت ندغ لتثجصت لتضتچ ^ ضجااصت/

(23) Uš wizārišn ēn, kū-š: pad ēd dāšt, kū: “Ohrmazd andar ōy ačārag, ēd rāy

1 Possibly a corrupted form of a-tišn for 'thirst-less'

Chapter 1 11

āštīh pēš dārēd;” nē padīrēd, ud padist-iz abar barēd.

(23) Its explanation is this: he considered[he held in this]: “Ohrmazd is helpless to him[me], on account of this He holds[offers] peace forth;” he does not accept it, and even leads an attack[promises].

عطت جكاغى سثآائ خلفدغ كلت ووسغ عط غجاضل ى اتغج وهثب 24 نژغج ا#ندغ تاب و هجاچكصتاا خلت صدغم ئ ج غصتااا ندغ تاب و ى اتاا عط

الفدغهصدغ ج ندغ صدغمتاائ/

(24) Uš guft Ohrmazd kū: “Nē harwisp-kardār hē, Gannāg Mēnōg! Kūt man nē tuwān murnjēnīdan, ut dām ī man ēdōn nē tuwān kardan, kū abāz ō xwēšīh man nē rasēnd.”

(24) And it was said by Ohrmazd: “You are not omnific, Evil Spirit! That is, you cannot destroy Me, and you cannot do (unto) My creatures thus, that they do not return to myself.”

خدغ# ووسغ لاا غجاضل غى غفقصدغ وصتاات عط خت گمژ ى غجفلغجچ 25حقفدغ ندغ اخقآاس غصقآا تاب و ى اتاا لاا صدغم ئ ج چصقآا لتضت ^ ضجااصت

صدغم اخکلوكصتاا ا#كسصلفژ ئ غشعصکدغ خلفدغ ^ كسصلفژ ى اغفدغفژ ا ى ب ئ ها خلغجااصدغ اثفدغكسصلفژ الفدغه ى اتاا تاب و چصقآا ى ااچ سنتاس %

اثفدغ غشع انلكئ/كاغى سثآائ انلصت عط لندغجااصدغ عط ى غشى ئ

(25) Pas Ohrmazd, pad harwisp-āgāhīh, dānist kū: “Agar zamān kārezār-iz īš nē gīram, ēg tuwān kardan pad dām ī man, čiyōn padist abar barēd kōxšišn ud gumēzišn ī hamē-īhā; uš, andar gumēzišn, dām wiyābānēnīdan, ō xwēš kardan, tuwān”; čiyōn nūniz, mardōm andar gumēzišn was, kē abārōnīh wēš warzēd kū frārōnīh, kū kāmag ī Gannāg Mēnōg wēš hamē warzēnd.

(25) Then Ohrmazd, through omniscience, knew that: “If I do not obtain a time (for this) contest of his too, then he can do unto my creatures, as he promises battle,


intermixing of everything; in this mixing[confusion] he can deceive, and make (them) to himself”; even now, many men are in this mixed state, which practice sin more than righteousness, that they are practicing more of the will of the Evil Spirit.

عط گمژ اخقآات ئ ىغجفلغج لااكاغى سثآائ ا# خلفدغ كلت ووسغ 26 گمژا# غبغبغب جط فژتا لاخل جشصتااس سهفدغ وصتااضت عط لااكسصلفژ

كاغى سثآائ/اخقآاتاا غى غجثآصت

(26) Uš guft Ohrmazd ō Gannāg Mēnōg, kū: “Zamān-grift ī kārezār pad gumēzišn, ō nō-hazār sāl, frāz abganam”; čē-š dānist kū, pad zamān-griftan, agārēnēd Gannāg Mēnōg.

(26) Ohrmazd said to the Evil Spirit: “I throw out (there) a fixed amount of time for battle in the mixture, for 9,000 years” for, He knew that, by that fixed amount of time, He would render the Evil Spirit powerless.

وكغى لنلغشصدغ ندع لاا ة لتسغآىكاغى سثآائ غصقآا 27 غشصکتضتو صژاات غصتاا چصقآا ثب ثباغ غشى اغفدغفژ گمژ لاخل اخقآائ

عطسغآ اخدغمژ كس ائ جثجصدغ ى غجفلغج اخقآاثم/

(27) Ēg Gannāg Mēnōg, a-wēnāg-frazāmīh rāy, pad ān paymānag hamdādestān būd; ēdōn čiyōn dō mard ī hamkōxšišn zamān frāz gīrēnd, (gōwēnd) kū-mān: “Wāhmān rōz, tā shab, kārezār kunēm.”

(27) Then the Evil Spirit, on account of not-seeing-the-end, was in agreement with that treaty; just as two men who set a time for a duel, (saying): “Such and such day, until night, we shall battle.”

غجاضل غى غفقصدغ وصتاات عط % غبغبغب جط فژتاووسغ كهچ لاا 28 غشى ئ ووسغ اكسصلفژ غشغى ى غشى ئ ووسغ ضکتااصت غب جط فژتا %

غى غجكاغى سثآائ ضکتااصت ا لاا ة ئ خلكس غنتظ ى اغ ثب كاغى سثآائ

Chapter 1 13

صدغ نژغج صدغصقآاصت/لصتخدغجى فکدغضت ى اتاا ه صدغم

(28) Ohrmazd ēn-iz, pad harwisp-āgāhīh, dānist kū: andar nō hazār sāl, sē hazār sāl hamāg kāmag ī Ohrmazd rawēd; sē hazār sāl andar gumēzišn, kāmag ī Ohrmazd ud Gannāg Mēnōg har dō šawēd; ud pad ān ī abdom ardīg, Gannāg Mēnōg agār šāyēd kardan, ud az dām petyāragīh abāz dārēd.

(28) Ohrmazd knew this too, through omniscience: in these 9,000 years, 3,000 years will all go (according) to the will of Ohrmazd, 3,000 years go in a mixture, of both Ohrmazd and the Evil Spirit's wills; and in the final battle, the Evil Spirit ought to be rendered powerless, and He[Ohrmazd] shall hold back adversity from the (evil) creatures.

خدغ# ووسغ خژاج لاخل ضجات عطفدغ صتخژاثجثآى نکقآى سغجظ ب اغ 29 خلضکدفژ ئ اكاغى سثآائ كلت خلفدغ لنلغم لثجاچصدغ ئ وثفدغ ا غىغجصدغ

غشع ا غشعصدغ ئ صدغم ائ صتخدغجى خل اتاا ئ لضقآا فککژ ا جثضت خدغصل ا /اهتكاغى سثآائ ب اغ ا# جافژصدغ

(29) Pas Ohrmazd Ahunawar frāz srūd, kūš 'Yatā-huvēryō'-ē wīst-ud-ēk-mārīg bē guft; uš frazām pērōzīh ī xwēš, ud agārīh ī Gannāg Mēnōg, ud abesīhišn ī dēwān, ud rist-āxēz, ud Tan ī Passēn, ud apetyāragīh ī dām, tā hamē ud hamē rawišnīh, bē ō Gannāg Mēnōg nimūd.

(29) Then Ohrmazd recited the Ahunawar [lit. the holiest prayer], which he spoke a 'Yatā-huvēryō' of 21 words; He showed to the Evil Spirit, his own final victory, the powerlessness of the Evil Spirit, the destruction of the demons, the rising of the dead, the Final Body and the in-adversity of the creatures, for eternity.

غمتفدغ غى غجصدغ ئ الفدغه ا خلضکدفژ ئ فککژ ىخقهكاغى سثآائ 30ضتنت ا غب ائ صژاات نژغج ا# تس ولضت/غضتاات

(30) Gannāg Mēnōg, ka-š agārīh ī xwēš ud abesīhišn ī dēwān hammis dīd, stard ud a-bōy būd, abāz ō tom ōbast.


(30) The Evil Spirit, as he saw his own powerlessness and the destruction of all of the demons, became stunned and senseless, (and) fell back to the darkness.

كاغىعط غمتفدغ غب خقآى ب كلت صژاات ثهاااصت وك چصقآا لاا صقآا 31 لااكاغى سثآائ كلت صژاات ه ب ثم تاا % وچاصت غمتفدغ ثب ب خدغج سثآائ

كاغى سثآائكلت صژاات ضتنت ا غى غج صژاات حژاى % ولضت غمتفدغ ب ااظ ه غى غجصدغ ئ لاا صدغمژ ئ ووسغ ى اتاا/

(31) Ōwōn čiyōn pad dēn gōwēd, kū: “Ka-š sē-ēk-ēw guft būd, Gannāg Mēnōg az bīm tan andar ōzanīd; ka-š dō bahr guft būd, Gannāg Mēnōg pad zanūg andar ōbast; ud ka-š bowandag guft būd, stard ud agār būd Gannāg Mēnōg, az a-kārīh ī pad dāmān ī Ohrmazd kardan.”

(31) Just as it is said in the religion: “When one third was said, the Evil Spirit died in his body out of fear; as the second part was said by Him, the Evil Spirit fell upon his knees; as He completed saying it, the Evil Spirit became stunned and powerless, from rendering the creatures of Ohrmazd unfit-for-work.”

غب جط فژتا لاا ضتنتصدغ فدغى ب واضت/32

(32) Sē hazār sāl pad stardīh nibast.

(32) He laid down stunned for 3,000 years.

س ا خدغ# ضتثب صکدغ/ثشججاا ثصکدغسثآاصدغ ئ صدغفژ صدغم 33

(33) Dām dahišnīh ī mēnōgīhā gōwam, ud pas gētīyīhā.

(33) I will mention the creation of the spiritual creatures, then the earthly.

صدغمندع صژااصت وتع ا خدغ# ه صدغ صدغفژ ووسغ لثفدغ ه صدغم 34

Chapter 1 15

صدغ وتع ا فقآت وغضتغج ا لنلوى ا كصت ب ثفدغ غفدغى غجى غشعصدغفژصژااتا/ندغصقآصتغج ا خلگااظ ا غجاضل اى ثجصتغج

(34) Ohrmazd, pēš az dām, dahišnīh rāy, būd Xwadāy, ud pas az dām dahišnīh, Xwadāy ud Sūd-xwāstār ud Frazāng ud Jud-bēš ud Āškārag-hamē-rāyēnīdār ud Abzōnīg ud Harwisp-nigerīdār būd.

(34) Ohrmazd, before creatures, on account of creation, was Lord, and after the creation of creatures, was Lord, Advantage-Wanter, Wise, Opposed-To-Pain, Public-Director-Of-Everything, Bountiful and Observer-Of-All-Things.

حقفدغسثآائ وتصدغ صدغب اات اكى جاب فژصدغ ة صدغفژا اگثضت خلفدغ 35 صدغ سثآصت سهفدغ هصدغفژ صدغمتاا ئ الفدغه لتفدغ فکدفلثج ب اغ ى اتاا غمتفدغ

صدغ وتعصدغ صژاات/صدغفژصدغم

(35) Uš, nazdist, yazdān xwadīh dād, nēk-rawišnīh, ān mēnōg īš tan ī xwēš padiš weh bē kartan, ka-š dām dahišnīh menēd; čē-š az dām dahišnīh xwadāy būd.

(35) He, first, created the being of the spirits, good-progression, that spirit which produce its own good body forth, as He considers the creation of creatures; for He was the lord of the creation of creatures.

كاغى سثآائ غى نلخلفدغ غضتاات لاا جافژصدغ اكغثصدغ ووسغ عط 36 صدغفژصدغ ندغ غى غجصدغصتصدغم ه لصتخدغجى ندغ انتصت ة لصتخدغجى صدغ كصت لاا

ب جصکقآصت صدغمچ ئ $صدغم كصت لاا گمژ جاغى صدغ ندغ صژااصت غمت گمژ جاغى ب اغ صژااصت/

(36) Uš dīd, pad rōšn wēnāgīh, Ohrmazd kū: “Gannāg Mēnōg hagriz az petyāragīh nē wardēd; ān petyāragīh, jud pad dām dahišnīh, nē agārīhēd; dām, jud pad zamān, rawāgīh nē bawēd; ka Zamān brēhēnēd, dām-iz ī Ahriman rawāg bē bawēd.”


(36) He, Ohrmazd, saw with illuminated sight: “The Evil Spirit will never turn away from adversity; that adversity, will not be rendered powerless, except from the creation of creatures; the creatures will not become progressive[moving], except through time; as Time is created, even the creatures of Ahriman will become progressive.”

لصتخدغجى غى غج ى اتاا ندع گمژ لاخل ب جصکقآصت/خلفدغ خلغجىصکدغ 37

(37) Uš, a-čāragīhā, Petyārag agār kardan rāy, zamān frāz brēhēnīd.

(37) Helpless, He created forth time, on account of rendering the Adversity powerless.

كصت لاا ى غجفلغج ندغ غى غجصدغصتكاغى سثآائ خلفدغ چثم كه عط 38ى غجفلغج اچغجفژ كه عط ى غج لاا چغنژهثصکدغ ى اتاا خلغصت/

(38) Uš čim ēn kū: “Gannāg Mēnōg, jud pad kārezār, nē agārīhēd” kārezār wizārišn ēn kū: “Kār pad 'čār' ud 'čārōmandīhā' kardan abāyēd.”

(38) Its meaning is this: “The Evil Spirit will not rendered powerless, except through battle” the explanation of karezar is this: “One must perform action through 'means' and 'with strategy'.”

ئئجائ وتع لاخل ب جصکقآصتخدغ# ه گمژ ئ غى اغجى صکدغ گمژ ئ 39 گمژ ئ ئئجائ وتع غضلفژصدغثهاااصت ه صکت غصتا ها گمژ ئ ى اغجى وهئ

جاب فژصدغ لصتغىخژغجصدغلاخل صکت عط هكس ووسغ ندغ ضلصت ه غضلفژصدغ ندغ صدغمتااصت هخژغجصدغ ثجصدغ جاب فژصدغ سثآائوغجىصژاات عط فککژ

خلكنلفژصدغ لصتغى صژاات ة سثآائ عط هكس ئ ووسغ ه ة ئ لاا خلكنتفژصدغ ب ااظ ى غشى ئ صدغم ئ ضکژ لصتغىسثآائ ب ااصدغفژ ندغ انتصت ه

صژاات لندغجاا صدغم صدغفژصدغ ا غشصقآغوهثصدغ/

Chapter 1 17

(39) Pas, az Zamān ī A-kanāragīhā, Zamān ī Dagrand Xwadāy, frāz brēhēnīd dād; ast kē Zamān ī Kanāragōmand gōwēd; az Zamān ī Dagrand Xwadāy, A-sazišnīh frāz dād, kū tis ī Ohrmazd nē sazēd; az A-sazišnīh, A-xwārīh-rawišnīh paydāg būd, kū dēwān xwārag nē rasēd; az A-xwārīh-garīh rawišnīh, mēnōg Abē-wardišnīh paydāg būd, ān mēnōg kū tis ī Ohrmazd, az ān ī, pad bun-dahišn, dād, nē wardēd; az mēnōg Abē-wardišn, bowandag kāmag ī dām ī gēhān paydāg būd, frārōn dām dahišnīh ud ham-dādestānōmandīh.

(39) Then, out of Infinite Time, He produced forth the Lord of Duration[lit. really long time]; there is one who calls it Finite Time; from the Lord of Duration, Impassibility was produced forth, that the substance[stuff] of Ohrmazd will not pass (away); from Impassibility, Progress-Of-Prosperity became revealed, that is the unhappiness of the demons will not arrive; from the Progress-Of-Prosperity, the spiritual In-changeability became revealed, that the spirit which the substance of Ohrmazd will not change that was produced, at the primal-creation; from the spirit In-changeability, the complete will of earthly creatures became apparent, the righteous creation of the creatures and agree-ability.

غ/$ لاا خلغجاا صدغم صدغفژصدغ ا غصژصدغ غصقآ 40

(40) Ahriman, pad abārōn dām dahišnīh ud adānīh, adādestān.

(40) Ahriman, with the creation of unrighteous creatures and ignorance, (is) unagreeable.

$ جاته ووسغ ى اغفدغصت ئ وتعخلفدغ چثم اچغجفژ كه عط 41لنلوثصدغ ا غشعصدغ ا لخدغجاسصدغ ا غضلفژصدغ ئ ووسغ غى غجصدغ ا

صدغ ست لصتغى ا#كاغى سثآائ وتكفدغى صدغ ا خلخدغجاسصدغ ا خدغ# صژفژصدغ ئ غمتفدغ صدغم صکت/

(41) Uš čim wizārišn ēn kū: Ahriman abāg Ohrmazd kōxšēd ī xwadāy; frazāngīh ud hamēīh ud pāhlomīh ud a-sazišnīh ī Ohrmazd, agārīh ud xwad-dōšagīh ud a-pāhlomīh ud pas-dānišnīh ī Gannāg Mēnōg, ō paydāgīh mad, ka-š dām dād.


(41) Its meaning is this: Ahriman will battle with Ohrmazd the Lord; the wisdom, eternalness, bestness and impassibility of Ohrmazd, and the powerlessness, the self-love, non-bestness and after-knowledge of the Evil Spirit, came to revelation, as he created the creatures.

لاخل ب جصکقآصت سهاگثضت صدغم حقفدغ ئئجائ وتع سه گمژچ ئ 42 غى اغجى صژاات لثفدغ ه كسصلفژصدغ غشعصدغ ئ ووسغ ى اغجىوهئ ب جصکقآصت

ه ةغى اغجى عط ه ب ااصدغفژ عط صدغم صکت ائ ا# لنلغم عط كاغى سثآائ ى اغجى وهئ خدغ# ا# غى اغجى وهثصدغغى غج صژااصت لتسغآى ب صقب ثجط فژتا

كسصلصت ا انتصت عط صدغمچ ئ ووسغ خلصلى صکدغ جاته ووسغ غشعظ صژاائ/

(42) Čē, Zamān-iz ī Dagrand Xwadāy, nazdist dām īš frāz brēhēnīd; čē a-kanārag būd, pēš az gumēzišnīh, Hamēīh ī Ohrmazd kanāragōmand brēhēnīd; az ān a-kanārag, kū, az bun-dahišn, kū dām dād, tā ō frazām, kū Gannāg Mēnōg agār bawēd, paymānag-ēw dwāzdah hazār sāl, kū kanāragōmand, pas ō a-kanāragōmandīh gumēzēd ud wardēd, kū dām-iz ī Ohrmazd, abēzagīhā, abāg Ohrmazd hamēīg bawēnd.

(42) For, Time, which is the Lord of Duration, is the first creature that He created forth; for it was infinite, before the mixing, Eternity, which Ohrmazd created limited; from it (being) limitless, which from the primal-creation, which He created creatures, up until the end, where the Evil Spirit becomes powerless, is a period of 12,000 years, which is limited, after will mix into and change into infinity, which even the creatures of Ohrmazd, along with Ohrmazd will be eternal, (owing to) purity.

ثهاااصت لاا صقآا عط گمژ وچهصتج ه ى اغ ثب و صدغمژ صدغم ئ چصقآا 43 كاغى سثآائ گمژ وصکلى ا# ى غج ا صکتضتو گمژ هووسغ ا ةچ ئ

لااضدفژظتج گمژ ه وصکلى و وصکلى تج گمژ ه غصکلى و غصکلى تج گمژ ه لااضدفژظو لااضدفژظتج عط اچغج لاا گمژ فدغصت ى اتاا لاا گمژ ئ سغآ

جشصتااصدغصت ئ ب نقآ لاا گمژ لصضصتى فدغى كصت ا غثفدغ ه اجه ندغ ب اختصت ه وفدکژهئ سنتاسغآ ندغ غمت ا# ندغندغ اخلصت ندغ غمت اى ااصدغ چخدغ خلجااصت ا

% صتثب ااصت ندغ غمت خلثج ئ خژ ئ خلو ئ ضنت لجات انتصت/

Chapter 1 19

(43) Čiyōn gōwēd, pad Dēn kū: “Zamān ōzmandtar az har dōān dāmān, dām ī Ohrmazd ud ān-iz ī Gannāg Mēnōg; Zamān handāzag ō kār ud dādestān; [Zamān az pursišnīgtar?]; Zamān (az) handāzagān handāzagtar; Zamān az ayābāgān ayābāgtar; Zamān az pursišnīgān pursišnīgtar” kū wizār, pad Zamān, šayēd kardan; “pad Zamān ī mān abganīhēd ī brīn; pad Zamān, pēsīdag frāz škenēd, ud kas az ōy nē bōxtēd, az ōšōmand mardōmān, nē ka ō ul wāzēd, nē ka ō nigūnīh čāh kanēd ud andar nišīnēd, nē ka azēr ī xān ī ābān ī sard frōd wardēd.

(43) As it is said in the Religion: “Time is stronger than both creations, the creation of Ohrmazd and even that of the Evil Spirit; Time is a measure for work and justice; [Time is of more responsibility?]; of measurable things, Time is the most measurable; from the receptive things, Time is the most receptive; from the responsible things, Time is the most responsible” which the explanation[determination] can be made by time; “It is by Time that a limited house is thrown (forth); it is by Time that the adorned is dilapidated; no one is saved from it, and of mortal men, none as they fly above, none as they dig pits down and sit, none as they turn to under the cold spring waters.”

ووسغ ه ة ئ وثفدغ وتصدغ ه ضتثصدغ جافژصدغ ىجفل ئ صدغمژ ئ 44 لاخل ب جصکقآصت غفدغ لاا ختغفدغ ى جفل ئ جافژصدغ ئ ضدفلصت ا ثنت لاخلالفدغه

سثآائ ها لصتخدغجى ئ % ى اغ ثب صدغم غفدغ ب اغضتثصدغ ة لصتغى ا ه ضجاصت غصتا تاب و غصتا گمژ/

(44) Ohrmazd, az ān ī xwēš Xwadīh, az Stī-īh-Rōšnīh, kirb ī dāmān ī xwēš frāz brēhēnīd, [āš?] pad Ātaxš kirb ī rošnīh ī spēd, ud gird frāz paydāg; ud az Stī-īh ān Mēnōg, kē petyārag, ī andar har dō dām, āš bē barēd, ast Tuwān, ast Zamān.

(44) Ohrmazd, out of His own Self, from the Essence-Of-Light, created forth the form of His own creatures, in the luminous and white Fire, and circumference revealed forth; and from the Essence-Of-The-Spirits, which carried off the Adversary that is in both creatures, that which is Ability[Power], and that which is Time.

چصقآا اع خلغضت غصتالاخل ب جصکقآصت غفدغ ى جفل ئ اع ئ فدغفلثج 45ثهاااصت/ئئجائ وتع لاخل ها اع ئ


(45) Āš kirb ī Way ī Weh frāz brēhēnīd, čiyōn Way abāyēd; ast kē Way ī Dagrand Xwadāy frāz gōwēd.

(45) He created for the form of Way ī Weh[the good wind], as Wind was necessary, there is one who calls Wind, which is the Lord of Duration.

ئئجائ وتع لاخل ب جصکقآصت سهاع ئ غفقب جصدغ خلفدغ صدغم لاا 46غمتفدغ صدغمچ صکت اعچ خلحدغج ئ حقفدغ لاا ى غج % خلغثضت/

(46) Uš dām, pad ayārīh Way ī Dagrand Xwadāy, frāz brēhēnīd; čē ka-š dām-iz dād, Way-iz abzār ī īš pad kār andar abāyist.

(46) He created forth creatures, with the aid of the Wind, who is the Lord of Duration; for as He created even the creatures, the Wind was also a necessary agent for His work.

ه ضتثصدغ تغجظصدغ ة ئ الفدغه تاا صدغم لاخل ىنقآصتكاغى سثآائ 47 خژتجلاا ى جفل ئ ضدخدغصدغ ئ ختااضتج ئ تس غنلوظ ئ ثجاائ چصقآا ب چى

غجفلضتج/

(47) Gannāg Mēnōg, az Stī-īh-Tārīkīh ān ī xwēš-tan, dām frāz kirrēnīd, pad ān kirb ī syāhīh ī ādurestar ī tom-arzānīg ī druwand, čiyōn bazak-āhūtar xrafstar.

(47) The Evil Spirit, from his own Essence-Of-Darkness, miscreated forth creatures, in the form of the blackness of ashes of the wicked who deserve darkness, like noxious creatures of very sinful-blemish.

ضتثصدغ وتكفدغى صدغ اجاا ئ ات جاصت ى جفل لاخل ى نقآصت چصقآاخلفدغ ه 48اجاا خلغثضت/

Chapter 1 21

(48) Uš, az Stī-īh-Xwad-Dōšagīh, Varūn ī wad nēst-kirb frāz kirrēnīd, čiyōn Varūn abāyist.

(48) He, out of the Essence-Of-Self-Love, miscreated the evil Varun-Of-No-Form, as Varun was necessary.

فککژ وتصدغ صدغب اات كفدغجاب فژصدغ ة سثآائ حقفدغاگثضت خلفدغ 49 ه ضتثصدغ تغجظصدغ ة ئكغى صدغ ئ صدغمژ ئ ووسغ خلفدغ صژاات سهفدغ

غضج تغجظصدغ صدغب اات ه غضج تغجظصدغ ى ثب غ كب فژصدغ لاخل صژاات ه كاغى سثآائ لصتغى صژااتا سهفدغ ة صدغم حقفدغ وثفدغ تااوغى صدغ ئ اجه

ه غضج تغجظصدغ ة تاالتفدغ ضجصتج ب اغ ى ات عط خت ب اغ صژااصت سه لاخل ب جصکقآصت خلفدغ الفدغه تاا صدغم ه ى جفل ب اغ صدغب اات ا ه ة ئ الفدغه

صدغم صدغفژصدغ غى غج صژااصت/

(49) Uš nazdist dēwān xwadīh dād, Duš-Rawišnīh, ān mēnōg īš gannāgīh ī dāmān ī Ohrmazd aziš būd; čē-š, az Stī-īh-Tārīkīh, ān ī Asar Tārīkīh dād; az Asar Tārīkīh drō-gōwišnīh frāz būd, ī az anāgīh ī ōy Gannāg Mēnōg paydāg būd; čē-š, ān dām dād īš xwēš-tan padiš wattar bē kard, kū agār bē bawēd; čē, az Asar Tārīkīh, ān tan[kirb] frāz kirrēnīd, uš xwēš-tan dām az[ān?] kirb bē dād ud az ān ī xwēš dām dahišnīh agār bawēd.

(49) He first created the demons' essence, Evil-Progress, that spirit which from it the corruption of the creatures of Ohrmazd was created; for, out of the Essence-Of-Darkness, he created Endless-Darkness, from the Endless-Darkness, he created forth Deceitful-Sayings, which was revealed from the evilness of the Evil Spirit; for he created those creatures which made themselves worse, which he may become powerless; for, out of the Endless-Darkness, he created that form, he created his own creatures in that form and he became powerless out of his own creatures' creation.

ضتثصدغ جافژصدغ ندغضتك ب فژصدغ ا ه ندغضتك ب فژصدغووسغ ه 50 غضجصدغ سهفدغ غضجاى ىجفل ه صدغفژلصتغى صژااتا صدغم خلگااظصدغ ئ صکتغج

لاخل ب جصکقآصت صدغمچ غشغى % غضجاى ى جفلى ب اغ صدغب اات گمژ ضلفژجافژصدغ كصتغى صژااصت ه غضجاى ى جفلى خژاج لاخل صژاات سثآائ ئ صتخژاثنقآى هافدغ


صدغ غصتا صقآا چصقآا صقآا جاته صدغملصتغى ب ااصدغفژصدغ ا لنلغم ئ صدغم خلفدغ ىااكسصلفژ فژتا لاخل صژاات ها % سثآائ صدغب ااصدغضت ه خژاج صدغفژا

اثشجافژ اثمتغجظ عجح ا ضق ا غب ثب كس فکدفلو ها ب نقآ ئ گمژ ئ ئئجائوتع/

(50) Ohrmazd, az Stī-īh-Rōšnīh, Rāst-Gōwišnīh, ud az Rāst-Gōwišnīh, Abzōnīgīh ī Dādār paydāg būd, dām dahišnīh; čē-š āsrō-kirbag, az Asar Rōšnīh, frāz brēhēnīd; dām-iz hamāg, andar āsrō-kirbag, bē dād; āsrō-kirbag, Zamān sazišn judāg būd; az āsrō-kirbag, Ahunawar frāz būd, Mēnōg ī Yatā-huvēryō, kē-š bun-dahišnīh ud frazām ī dām aziš paydāgīh, ast dēn: “čiyōn dēn abāg dām dahišn dādīhast; az Ahunawar, mēnōg sāl frāz būd, kē, andar gumēzišn, nūn nēm-rōšn (ud) nēm-tārīk, ī sē sad ud šast ud panj rōz-šabān, kē brīn ī Zamān ī Dagrand Xwadāy.

(50) Ohrmazd, out of the Essence-Of-Light, created Right-Saying, and out of Right-Saying, Bountiful-Creator appeared, the creation of creatures; He created forth the form of fire, out of the Endless-Light; He created all creatures too, in the form of fire; the form of fire and the passing[temporal] Time became separated, out of the form of fire, the Ahunawar became forth, the spirit of the Yatā-huvēryō, which the primal-creation and the end of creatures is revealed, (that is, the) den: “As Den was produced with the creation of creatures; the spiritual year became forth, from the Ahunawar, which in the mixing, is now half-shining and half-dark, which is 365 days and nights, which is determined by Time, the Lord of Duration.

خلفدغ ى اغ ثب صدغم لاا ى اغفدغفژ لتفدغ جاب غى صژاات/ 51

(51) Uš har dō dām pad kōxšišn, padiš, rawāg būd.

(51) Both of the creations progressed in battle, owing to it[Time].

كلت صدغم ئ ووسغ لاا وتعصدغ ا ثضتاب جصدغ صکتووهثصدغچصقآا 52 چثجصدغ ا ضتغشصدغ اكاغى سثآائ ا ب غجضتصدغ لاا وخدغجصدغ ظاثهاخت صدغم ئ

ااغفقى غجصدغ ا گالغثصدغ لاا كفژغجصدغ ظاثهاخت/

Chapter 1 23

(52) Čiyōn guft (kū): “Dām ī Ohrmazd, pad xwadāyīh ud dastwarīh dādestānōmand ud bālistīh, pad xwahrīh, ēstād; dām ī Gannāg Mēnōg, pad čērīh[čēhīh?] ud stahmīh ud wināhkārīh ud zofāyīh, pad dušwārīh ēstād.”

(52) As it is said (that): “The creation of Ohrmazd stayed in happiness, by His lordship, leadership, judiciousness, and highness; the creation of the Evil Spirit stayed in misfortune, by his bravery[grief?], oppression, sinfulness, and abysmal-station[depth].

صژااتا وهئووسغ لاا غمژضدفلاصژ ب نقآوهئ ست غمتفدغ صدغب اات 53تاا ئ لضقآاخلفدغ ااى تج لاا عنتسهفدغ نژغج ا# ضتثب خلغضت صدغب اات

وغى صدغ خلفدغ ب اغ خلغصت ب انتاا خلفدغ صدغم ئ سثآائ سثآاثصکدغ صدغصقآاصت خلفدغ صدغم ضتثب سثآاثصکدغ صدغب اات خلفدغ تائ ب اغ ا# ضتثب صکدغ صدغب اات

صدغب اات عبغب ب اا خدغ# خلوظ ة ئ عبغب اساگثضت غمژضدفلاصژ خلفدغ اگثضت غبغب ة ئ عبغب اس وتسثآائ صدغب اات ووسغ ه صدغم ئ ضتثب لاا

خدغ# هاگثضت ضتثب ه غمژضدفلاصژ سثآائ صژاات سه ووسغ ى اغ ثب غصتا لاخل ب جصکقآصت هافدغ جاب غى صدغ صدغم ئاگثضت اوه اع ئ ئئجائ وتع

اگثضت سصتاختصکدغ غى اها ه صدغم ئ ضتثبووسغ خلفدغ صژاات كاغى سثآائ لاخل باگثضت ضتثصدغ جافژصدغ اگثضت غفقمژ خلفدغ اوها ه اكى جاب فژصدغ

جاته صژاات كه عط ة ئ ا#سغگثضتو فدغفلثج ئ جصکقآصت هافدغ صقآا ئ صدغم صدغمتااصت ائ لجفدغى ات غفدغ وصتااضت ا خدغ# واتاغفکتا ا خدغ# فکتكا ا خدغ# ضلاكستا ا خدغ# واصت غهاصتا ب جصکقآصت عبغب اس وت ووسغ عبعب اس ندغضت كب فژصدغ غبغبغب اس ضجافدغ خدغجاب ء اس سغآضجضلائ صدب اس اثجثآفقآئ صقباس نت ئ باجائ نتلاى ب ثجگصت صدغب اس جفژ ندغضت صدعب اس ستاا ئ لندغفقآكتا

صدغبغب اس لغجائ صدعبغب اس وثب صدعبعب اس اختافدغفلثج صدغبثب اس غجفژائ ئ صدغبغبغب اس صکتضتوهثصدغ ج اس لتى غج لثفدغمدغج ا لثفدغمدغجصدغ غفکتصدغ

خلگااظصدغ/

(53) Ohrmazd pad Amahrspandān brīnōmand mad, ka-š dād būd hēnd, āy[ē],


ēdar-eš abāz ō gētīy abāyist dād; Uš, nōgtar, pad Tan ī Passēn, anāgīh aziš bē abāyēd burdan; Uš dām ī mēnōg, mēnōgīhā, dārēd; Uš dām gētīy mēnōgīhā dād, Uš did bē ō gētīyīhā dād, Uš nazdist Amahrspandān dād haft bun, pad abārīg; ān ī haftom xwad Ohrmazd; az dām ī gētīy, pad mēnōg dād, nazdist šaš; ān ī haftom xwad būd; čē Ohrmazd har dō ast: mēnōg nazdist, gētīy (pas), az Amahrspandān, pas az Way ī Dagrand Xwadāy, nazdist, Wahman frāz brēhēnīd, kē-š rawāgīh dām ī Ohrmazd aziš būd; Gannāg Mēnōg, nazdist, mihōxtīhā Akōman; ud az dām ī gētīy nazdist asmān; Uš Wahman, az nēk-rawišnīh, Stī-īh-Rōšnīh, nazdist frāz brēhēnīd, kē-š dēn ī weh ī Māzdēsnān abāg būd; ēn kū, ān ī ō dām rasēd, tā Frašagird, āš dānist; ud pas, Urdwahišt, ud pas Šahrewar, ud pas Spandarmad, ud pas Hordād Amurdād brēhēnīd; haftom, xwad Ohrmazd; haštom Rāst-Gōwišnīh; nō(h)om Srōs Ahlāw; dahom Mānsra-spend; yāzdahom Nēryōsang; dwāzdahom rad ī buland Radpōk Bērzēt; sēzdahom Rašn Rāst; čahārdahom Mihr ī frāg-gav-yūt; pānzdahom Ahrisvang ī weh; šāzdahom Pārand; haftdahom Xwāb; haštdahom Wād; nōzdahom Dādestānōmandīh; wīstom Pahikār pēšēmāl ud pasēmālīh Āštīh Abzōnīgīh.

(53) Ohrmazd came to the limited[temporal] Amahrspand, as they were created by Him, note, He had to recreate them here to the material world; He must, again, remove harm from it, in the Final Body; He spiritually preserves the spiritual creation; He produced the material creation spiritually, He created it again in the material world; first, He created the Amahrspand, then the others; that of the seventh (is) Ohrmazd Himself; of the material creations, He created in the spirit, first the six, He Himself was the seventh; for Ohrmazd is both spirit first, (and) then material; of the Amahrspand, after from the Wind, Lord of Duration, Wahman was created forth first, which the progression of Ohrmazd's creatures about about from it; the Evil Spirit, first falsely (miscreated) Akoman; and first from the earthly creations, the sky; He created forth first Wahman, from Good-Progression, the Essence-Of-Light, with of which was the good religion of the Mazdaeans; He knew this, which will arrive to the creatures, up until the Restoration; and then Ardwahisht was created, then Shahrewar, then Spandarmad, then Hordad (and?) Amurdad; the seventh, Ohrmazd Himself; eighth Right-Saying; ninth the Righteous Sros; tenth Maraspand; eleventh Neryosang; twelfth the eminent Rat Rathwo Berezato; thirteenth the Just Rashn; fourteenth Mihr of wide-pasture-lands; fifteenth Ahrishwang the Good; sixteenth Parand; seventeenth Sleep; eighteenth Wad; nineteenth Lawfulness; twentieth Peaceful-Bountifulness in battle, prosecution and defense.

اگثضت غفقمژ ا صتظج سصدغ ا ضتظج ثشظ اه صدغم ئ ضتثب 54 چخدغجاس وجاج ا لاچاس كضدلائ ا فدغفژس سنتاس ا خلتاس وت ووسغ خلفدغ

غفقب جصدغ ئ اع ئ ئئجائ وتع لاخل ب جصکقآصت سه غمتفدغ اع ئصدغم ئ لاا ئئجائ وتع لاخل ب جصکقآصت اجهچ خلحدغجب صژاات حقفدغ لاا صدغم صدغفژصدغ %

Chapter 1 25

خلغضت/

(54) Az dām ī gētīy: nazdist Asmān, ud dudīgar Āb, ud sidīgar Zamīg, ud čahārom Urwar, ud panjom Gōspand, ud šašom Mardōm, ud haftom, xwad Ohrmazd, Uš dām, ī pad ayārīh ī Way ī Dagrand Xwadāy, frāz brēhēnīd; čē kaš Way ī Dagrand Xwadāy frāz brēhēnīd, ōy-iz abzār-ēw būd īš pad dām dahišnīh, andar abāyist.

(54) From the earthly creations: first the Sky, second the Water, third the Earth, fourth the Plants, fifth the Livestock[Beneficent-Animals], sixth the Men, and seventh Ohrmazd Himself, His creations were created forth, with the help of the Wind, who is the Lord of Duration; for as the Wind, which is the Lord of Creation, was created by Him, it too, was necessary for the creation of creatures.

اگثضتفککژ وهثصدغ ه ى سغجظو لصتخدغجى لاا ة كاغى سثآائ 55 خدغ# وثج ا خدغ# ضژاج ا خدغ# اخدغظصدغ خدغ# تجاستالاخل ى نقآصت غى اها

كاغى سثآائ/خلتاس وتا فککژ خدغ# تجصل ا گثجصل ا خدغ# خلوظ

(55) Gannāg Mēnōg, pad ān petyāragōmandīh, az kamālīgān-dēwān, nazdist Akōman frāz kirrēnīd, pas Yīndar, ud pas Sawūl, ud pas Nāhīgīh, pas Tarōmad, pas Tarēz ud Zērēz, ud pas abārīgān dēwān; haftom, Gannāg Mēnōg.

(55) The Evil Spirit, through adversity miscreated, of the head-demons, first Akoman, then Yindar, then Sawul, then Nahigih, then Taromad, then Tarez and Zerez, and the other demons; seventh, the Evil Spirit.

ثهاااصت ندغكاغى سثآائ غى نل هكسصدغ ئ لندغجاا ندغ سثآصت ندغ 56 اخقآاصت خلفدغ اكى صدغ ئ صدغم ئ ووسغ ندغ خلغضت صدغم ئ ووسغ اكى صدغ صدغم

$ ندغ خلغضت/ئ

(56) Gannāg Mēnōg hagriz tis-īh ī frārōn nē menēd nē gōwēd nē kunēd; uš nēkīh ī dām ī Ohrmazd nē abāyist; dām ī Ohrmazd nēkīh dām ī Ahriman nē abāyist.


(56) The Evil Spirit never thinks, never says, never does righteous things; the righteousness of Ohrmazd's creatures was not necessary for him; (and) the creatures of Ohrmazd did not need the goodness of the creatures of Ahriman.

كاغى سثآائة هكس ندغ سثآصت حقفدغ ى اتاا ندغ تاب وا ا ووسغ 57/ى چ ^ ضجااصتة حقفدغ ندغ تاب و ى اتاا سثآصت لاا ضتصل

(57) Ohrmazd ān tis nē menēd īš kardan nē tuwān; ud Gannāg Mēnōg ān īš nē tuwān kardan menēd, pad stēzag-iz abar barēd.

(57) Ohrmazd does not think about things that He cannot do; and the Evil Spirit thinks about that which he cannot do, and also leads to quarrel.

ثصدغ غصتااا لجانت عط تجصدغ ظاثهاختسثآاصدغم ئ ووسغ لاا 58چصقآا فژضج غمژغى خدغ# ه تجصدغغمقآصتغج ا غثجفلتغج ا غجابغى

ثفکتى بى صدغ ونتى صدغ صژاات كسصلغمژغى خدغ# ه ى صدغ فژضج وا كسصل افدغى صتى صدغخدغ# ه ونتى صدغ افدغى صتى صدغ صژ ا صقه ا جثجها غمژغى خدغ# ه

صژاات غمت ب اغچاثفدغى كب جصدغ خدغ# هكب جصدغ صژاات خقآى ا كفدغ ا لاسها ضتثب لاا ة وكفدغصتى % غفدغى اسب ئاجه جاك جاب فژ ظاثهاخت ى ااچ لاا

غشصتج وبافکقآائ ا گجنژائ ا لجاجائ/

(58) Dām ī Ohrmazd, pad mēnōgīh, ēdōn parward kū, tarrīh(-īh?) ēstād, a-menīdār ud a-griftār ud a-rawāg, čiyōn šusar homānāg; pas az tarrīh gumēzagīh, šusar (ud) xōn homānāg; pas az gumēzagīh xwurdagīh būd, gaštag-ēw[grih-ēw?] homānāg; pas az xwurdagīh wiškīdagīh; gyān ud dast ud pāy; pas az wiškīdagīh gabrīh būd; čašm ud gōš ud dahān; pas az gabrīh jandišn[čandišag?] būd, ka bē ōy pēš rawišn ēstād; nūn-iz, pad gētīy pad ān hangōšīdag, andar aškomb ī mādar, hambōšēnd, ud zāyēnd ud parwarēnd.

(58) Such were the creatures of Ohrmazd nourished, in the spiritual state, that stood the moisture, unthinking, unseizable and unmoving, like such as sperm; then, out of moisture (there was) mixing, like sperm (and) blood; then, out of mixing, there was a collision, like a knot; then, out of the collision, there was breaking[division]: life, hands

Chapter 1 27

and feet; then from the breaking, a cavity came about; the eyes, ears and mouth; then from the cavity, a propulsion came about: when it was in motion[progression]; even now, in the material world in that manner, in the womb of the mother, they are conceived, born, and nourished.

غصتا سهصدغفژا صدغ غشصتجصدغ ا غب صتجصدغ ئ صدغفژلاا صدغم ووسغ 59 ب اغ ا# ضتثبغمتفدغ لجانت ة صژاات غشصتجصدغ سثآائ غمتفدغ صدغم لاا

صدغباات ة صژاات غب صتجصدغ/

(59) Ohrmazd, pad dām dahišnīh, mādarīh ud pidarīh ī dahišn ast; čē ka-š dām, pad mēnōg, parward, ān būd mādarīh; kaš bē ō gētīy dād, ān būd pidarīh.

(59) Ohrmazd, in the creation of the creatures, has the motherhood and fatherhood of creation; for as He nourished the creatures, in the spiritual realm, that was the motherhood; as He created it/them in the earthly realm, that was the fatherhood.


Chapter 1 A

صدغ ئ ضتثب صکدغ/صدغفژ^ صدغم 0

(0) Abar dām dahišnīh ī gētīyīhā.

(0) On the creation of earthly creatures.

غب جطضتنتصکدغ غى غج صژاات چصقآاس ^ الفکتا كاغى سثآائ غمت 1فژتا لاا ضتنتصدغ فدغى ب وضت/

(1) Ka Gannāg Mēnōg stardīhā agār būd, čiyōnam abar nibišt, sē hazār sāl pad stardīh nibast.

(1) As the Evil Spirit was powerless (because of) stupefaction, as I have written above, he laid down in stupefaction for 3,000 years.

كاغى سثآائ ووسغ صدغم ا# ضتثب ب جصکقآصت% ة غى غجصدغ ئ اجه 2 غضن جافژصدغ ختغفدغ ه ختغفدغ اخت ه اخت سصدغ ه سصدغ ثشظ اسه ه

لاخل ب جصکقآصت/غجاضل غضتوهثصدغ ضتثب

(2) Andar ān agārīh ī ōy Gannāg Mēnōg, Ohrmazd dām ō gētīy brēhēnīd; čē az Asar Rōšnīh, Ātaxš; az Ātaxš, Wād; az Wād, Āb; az Āb, Zamīg ud harwisp astōmandīh ī Gētīy frāz brēhēnīd.

(2) That the state of powerlessness of the Evil Spirit, Ohrmazd created the creatures in the material world; for out of the Endless-Light, He created forth Fire; from Fire, 'Wad'[Wind/Ether]; from Wad, Water; from Water, the Earth and all corporeality of Matter.

ثهاااصت لاا صقآا عط لنتاس صدغم غشغى سصدغب ضجثفدغى ب صژاات چصقآا 3

Chapter 1A 29

عط غشغى ه سصدغ صژاات كصت تاغم وفژتخژ ا كضدلاصژ سه ة تاغمختغفدغ تاغشى/

(3) Čiyōn gōwēd pad Dēn, kū: “Fradom, dām hamāg āb-ēw srešk-ēw būd;” kū hamāg az āb būd, jud tōhm mardōmān ud gōspandān; čē ān tōhm Ātaxš tōhmag.

(3) As it is said in the Religion: “First, all of creation was a single drop of water;” that, all was from water, except the seed of men and animals; for that seed is Fire Essence.

اگثضت غفقمژ صدغب اات لاا نژغج صدغجفژصدغ غصتا ها لنتاسخلفدغ 4 ثهاااصت صتظج سصدغ صدغب اات لاا گمژ ئ تفژ ثجاچ ضتظج ثشظ صدغب اات غجاضل

كضدلائ ئ وصکت لاچاسغفقب جصدغ ئ ا#غضتوهثصدغ چخدغجاس وجاج صدغب اات ا# صدغب اات غفقب جصدغ ئ ثب اغ ئ خدغجاب فدغفژس ثب اغ ئ خدغجاب ا#كضدلائ

ختغفدغحتغجصدغ ا غى غجصدغ ئ كاغى سثآائ ا ى خقه فککژ خلفدغ خدغ# فدغفلثجلتاضتا غصتااا ى جفل صدغب اات وجئ خلفدغ ب نکدغ ه غضن جافژصدغ وب فژا

ى غشغى خلفدغ خدغ# اخت ب جصکقآصت لاا ثب اغ ى جفل ئ كفژا ئختغفدغ چصقآا ا ثب اغ ئ خدغجاب ى اغ هكسبكضدلائ صدغب ثب ضدغجى ها كه سصدغ ا وجاج ا

ضجااصت ا صدغجصت/(4) Uš, nazdist, Asmān dād, pad abāz dārišnīh (Gannāg Mēnōg), ast kē fradom

gōwēd; dudīgar, Āb dād, pad zadan ī Tišn druz; sidīgar Zamīg dād, harwisp astōmandīh; čahārom Urwar dād, ō ayārīh ī Gōspand ī hu-dād; panjom Gōspand, ō ayārīh Mard ī Ahlāw; šašom Mard ī Ahlāw dād, ō zadārīh ud agārīh ī Gannāg Mēnōg ud hammis dēwān; uš pas Ātaxs dād, Xwarag; uš brāh az Asar Rōšnīh awiš paywast, ēdōn kirb weh čiyōn Ātaxš kāmag; uš pas Wād brēhēnīd, pad mard kirb ī gušn ī pānzdah sālag, kē ēn Āb ud Urwar ud Gōspand ud Mard ī Ahlāw, har tis-ēw, barēd ud dārēd.

(4) He first created the Sky, for holding back (the Evil Spirit), there is one who says it is the first; second, He created Water, for smiting the demon 'Thirst'; third, He created the Earth, all of corporeality; forth, He created Plants, for the aid the good-created Beneficent-Animal; fifth, He created the Beneficent-Animal, for the aid of the Righteous Man; sixth, He created the Righteous Man, for the smiting and rendering powerless the Evil Spirit and all of the demons; then He created the Fire, Xwarag; He attached the


brightness of the Endless-Light to it, such the form is good as it is the Fire's desire; He then created Wad[Wind/Ether], in the form of a male of 15 years, which this Water, Plant, Beneficent-Animal and Righteous Man, He bears and protects[preserves] everything.

/سثشججااخلفکژ چصقآاصدغ 5

(5) Ušān čiyōnīh gōwam.

(5) I will discuss their nature(s).

غفقمژ صدغب اات جافژ لصتغى صدغ خلثج كج ا خدغظصقفق واخکقآااگثضت 6 لتاضتا خلفدغغضن جافژصدغ خلفدغ جاثفدغه لاا ا# ئ غصتا كغج غجمدغضت ةج

صدغم غشغى وثجاا ئ غفقمژ ب اغ صدغب اات وب خژا غمژغى ثجفلافکتا هافدغ ى اغ خلحدغج ئ لاا ى اغفدغفژ % خلغثضت وثجاا وختاات ظاثهاصت خقآل سغآ

غمژغى ى اغ هكس % ى تجااصت لجى و ب اا ئ غفقمژ چاثفدغ لخژع حقفدغ ثنژع چاثفدغ ثنژع حقفدغ ب غندع چاثفدغ ب غندع حقفدغ حکدغى غشغى اصکلو ا

ا نلاج غمژغى سثآفژوهئ ا كب فژوهئ ا ى اافژوهئ غىغفق ا خلگااظلضدغج ثجفلافکتصدغ ه كاغى سثآائئ ئ غفقمژ خلفدغ لتثجفلت ثجائ ا اچصتغج سثآا

چصقآا كنت ئ غنتثفکتغج ها گندغب لتهختعط نژغج كب غجضتاا ندغ فدغى اات غصتااا صدغجصتئ ئ غفقمژ ظاثهاصت عط خلثب ثشصکدغ ه ى غجفلغج ب اختصت سثآا

لاخلئ غفقمژ وجاخدغهصدغ سهفدغ وجاخدغهصدغ لاخل خلفدغ صدغب اات ا# غفقب جصدغ ظاثهاصت/وجاخدغهصدغ % ب جصکقآصت ه ى ااچ % كسصلى صدغ صدغم لاا

(6) Nazdist, Asmān dād, rōšn, paydāgīh abēr dūr, ud xāyagdēs, xwēn-āhan, ī ast gōhr almāst nar; uš sar pad ō Asar Rōšnīh paywast; uš dām hamāg, andarōn ī Asmān, bē dād, āwahan homānāg drubušt, kē-š, har abzār ī, pad kōxšišn, andar abāyist, andarōn nihād ēstēd, ayāb mān homānāg, har tis andar mānēd; fragān bun ī Asmān, čand-eš pahnāy īš dranāy, čand-eš dranāy īš bālāy, čand-eš bālāy īš zahāg, hamāg wiyābān ud fasār ud razūr homānāg; menišnōmand ud gōwišnōmand ud kunišnōmand; ud āgāh ud abzōnīg ud wazīdār, Mēnōg ī Asmān; uš padīrift drang drubuštīh az Gannāg Mēnōg, kū

Chapter 1A 31

abāz dwāristan nē hišt, čiyōn gurd ī artēštār, kē zrēh paymōxt ēstēd, kū abēbīmīhā az kārezār bōxtēd, Mēnōg ī Asmān asmān ēdōn dārēd; uš dād, ō ayārīh ī Asmān, Urwāhmanīh; čē-š urwāhmanīh padiš, frāz brēhēnīd, az nūn-iz, andar gumēzagīh, dām pad urwāhamnīh andar ēstēd.

(6) First, He created the Sky, (which is) shining, visible, very far away, and egg-shaped, and (of) shining metal, of whose essence is of a male diamond; its head[top] is connected to the Endless-Light; He created all creations, in the Sky, a stronghold like a fortification, in which remain all of the means that were required for the battle, or like a house, in which all things remain; the base foundation of the Sky, as its width is as much as its length, as its length is as much as its height, and its height as much as its [depth/capacity], all like the desert, the chasm and the forest; the Spirit of the Sky is contemplative, speaking, active, aware, bountiful, and discriminating; he accepted the long lasting fortification against the Evil Spirit, that is he did not let him scatter back, like the hero-warrior, who put on armor, so he may be saved fearlessly from battle, the Spirit of the Sky preserves the sky as such; He[Ohrmazd?] created Delight, for the aid of the Sky; for He created Delight forth in it, which even now, the creation remains, in the mixing, in Delight.

ب جصکقآصت چائ غمت ثب اغب ئ ثب صقهصتظج ه كغج ئ غفقمژ سصدغ 7 ا# ثشظ فدغظااصت لاا صقه ا جثجه ضکتااصت خلفدغ ائ ى جفقه سصدغ ب اغ ظاثهاصت

لاا ة ب غندع سصدغ ب اغ تچصت خلفدغ صکت ا# غفقب جصدغ اخت ا اغنژ هاسگاخدغ ا فقآصژ ا فقآچى/

(7) Dudīgar, az gōhr ī Asmān, Āb brēhēnīd; čand ka mard-ēw, ī dō dast ō zamīg hilēd, pad dast ud pāy rawēd, uš tā aškomb āb bē ēstēd; pad ān bālāy āb bē tazīd; uš dād, ō ayārīh, Wād ud Wārān, kē miznē ud snēxr ud sōzāg[?].

(7) Second, He created the Water, from the essence of the Sky; such as a man, who places two hands to the ground (and) walks with his hands and feet, and the water stands up until his belly; the water flowed (up) until that height; He created, for its aid, Wind and Rain, which (are) the mist[cloud], the snow and the lightning[burning].

ه سصدغ ثشظ صکت ثنت ا كجاتجئ ,,,, وفدغصل ا وخلنکل اضتظج 8 غشثجاع جاته لخژع ا لخژع جاته حکدغ ندغضت سخژ ئ كه غفقمژ ب اغ


اكغنت/

(8) Sidīgar, az Āb, Zamīg dād, gird ud dūr-widarag ***** ud a-nišēb ud an-abrāz; ud ham dranāy abāg pahnāy, ud pahnāy abāg zahā rāst; mayān ī ēn Asmān bē winnārd.

(8) Third, out of Water, He created the Earth, round, far-reaching[path] *****, non-declining, non-rising; the same length equal with width, and width with depth; the middle of the Sky was arranged.

لاخل ب جصکقآصتثهاااصت عطفدغ اگثضت غب خقآى ب كه ثشظ چصقآا 9 لاخل ب جصکقآصت ثنتغى اائصتظج غب خقآى ب كه ثشظ چچغ صدغجضککت چصقآا

/اثمتضجىلاخل ب جصکقآصت ضتظج غب خقآى ب ثشظ

(9) Čiyōn gōwēd kūš: “Nazdist sē ēk-ēw ēn zamīg frāz brēhēnīd, saxt čiyōn [sang-dār? dālman-dār?]; dudīgar sē ēk-ēw ēn zamīg frāz brēhēnīd, gard-āganēnd; sidīgar, sē ēk-ēw zamīg frāz brēhēnīd, [nēmat-sarag?].”

(9) As it is said: “He first created one third of this Earth; as hard as [rock?/eagle's crescent?]; second, He created one third of the Earth, dirt-filled; third, He created one third of the Earth, felt topped[?].”

خلفدغ كغج ئ % ثشظ ب اغ صدغب اات ى الصکدغ ها خدغ# ة اغفدغصت ا 10گشظ غفقآ ا جائ ا كثنت اغفقب جصدغ جاضت وهئ ه ثشظ خلفدغ صدغب اات ا#

ب اجىصل ا غجاضلچ ة ئ ضککت گشظ تاغشى كصت ه غضتصکدغج سه كصت تاغشى وهئ وكا ضککت ب جصکقآصت گشظ لاا غمژغى ئ ثب اغب غمتفدغ صدغشى صدغشى

غشغى ى اضت لاا تاا ضککت % اخقآات ظاثهاصت خلثج كه ثشظ غشغى صقآغىسصدغ ب اغ ظاثهاصت/

(10) Uš gōhr ī, andar Zamīg bē dād, kōfīhā kē pas az ān waxšīd ud rust hēnd az zamīg aziš dād; ō ayārīh Zamīg, āhan ud rōy ud gōgird ud gač ud harwisp-iz, ān ī saxt

Chapter 1A 33

Zamīg tōhmag, jud az Istaxr, čē jud tōhmag hēnd; ōwōn saxt brēhēnīd; Zamīg, pad homānāg ī mard-ēw ka-š jāmag jāmag hamāg kust, pad tan saxt andar kard ēstēd, azēr ēn Zamīg hamāg gyāg Āb bē ēstēd.

(10) He created essence of the mountains, in the Earth, which then from which increased and grew up out of the Earth; for the aid of the Earth, iron, copper, sulfur, chalk, and other (things) as well, that which (is) a strong Earth's seed, different from Istaxr, for they are separate seed; such it was created hard; the Earth, resembling a man who is has layers of clothes on all sides, created strong in the body, Water stands under the Earth in all places.

ا# سخژى ئ كه ثشظ ^ جاضت چائاگثضت چخدغجاس وجاج صدغب اات 11 لخقب بغندع خلخدغگئ ا خلخدلاضت ا خلخکدغج ا تج ا فدغثنقآ خلفدغ اضدفل ضنتى گاج

وجاج سصدغ ا ختغفدغغفقب جصدغ ئ وجانژ % چصکدغج صدغفکت خلفدغ صدغب اات ا# سه ى اغ خژائ وجانژ سصدغب ضجفدغى لاا جاثفدغه ا ختغفدغ عب وكضت لثفدغ

لاا ة گاج غشع جاضت/

(11) Čahārom, Urwar dād, nazdist ō mayānag ī ēn Zamīg abar rust, čand pāy bālāy, abē-azg ud abē-pōst ud abē-xār ud tarr ud šīrēn; uš wisp sardag zōr ī urwarān andar čihr dāšt, aziš dād; ō ayārīh urwar, āb ud ātaxš, čē har hāwand urwarān āb-ēw srešk, pad sar, ud ātaxš čahār angust pēš, pad ān zōr hamē rust.

(11) Fourth, He created the Plant, first it grew in the middle of the Earth, several feet high, without branches, without bark, without thorns, wet, and sweet; it preserves all the strength of the plant in its seed, of which it was created; for every bark of the trees have one drop of water, in the top, and fire is four fingers ahead, it grew forever with that strength.

ب جصکقآصت % عنژاصل لاا سخژى ضکژ لاالاچاس تااغ ئ خقآى صکت 12 بغندعصدغ جات اصدغ صدغصتب عط سخژى ئ ضکژ ضلصت جافژ صژاات چصقآا سخدغ

غفقب جصدغ سصدغ ا وجاج سهفدغصدغب اات ا# هافدغ ب غندع غب اع لتسغآى خلفدغ % كسصلفژ گاج ا اغفدغفژ ه كه صژاات/


(12) Panjom, Gāw ī Ēk-dād brēhēnīd, andar Ērān-wēz, pad mayānag gēhān, pad bālāyīh rōd weh Dāitī; kū mayānag ī gēhān spēd rōšn būd, čiyōn māh; kē-š bālāy sē nay paymānag; uš dād, ō ayārīh, Āb ud Urwar, čē-š andar gumēzišn, zōr ud waxšišn az ēn būd.

(12) Fifth, He created the Sole-Created Cow, in the land of Eran, in the middle of the world, on the shore of the River Weh Daiti; which she was in the middle of the world, shining white like the moon; her height (was) three reed's measurement; He created, for (her) aid, Water and Plant, for in the mixing, she had strength and increasing from these.

ب جصکقآصت جافژ چصقآا وجفدغصت خلفدغ عب اعغبغب اس صکقآسنتا 13 لتسغآظ ب غندع صژاات لخژع چصقآا ب غندع ندغضت لاا ب غندع ئ جات صدغصتب

صکقآسنتا لاا وئ غجى تااغ لاا ثفژا غجى خلفکژعط سخژى ئ ضکژ ظاثهاصت كجصدغ خقآى ه تائ كجصدغچ ئ ه سصدغ صدغصتب چائ ب غندع الفدغه صژاات

كفکژهئ ا وگاوهئ ا صدغفدغى وهئ صژاات صکقآسنتا,,,,چفدغمژهئ ا وكفدغصتى حکت وهئصدغفدغى وهثصدغ وغ عط سنتاس ه اجه تاغشى لاا ة

خلفدغ صدغب اات ا# غفقب جصدغ ئ وثب غضژصدغ ئ صکتغج سه ووسغ ة وغ صکقآسنتالاخل ب جصکقآصت لاا ثب اغ ى جفل ئ ب اجائ ئ صدغبثب ضدغجى جافژ خلفدغ

ب جصکقآصت خلفدغ ه جافژصدغ ا گنقآاصدغ ئ غفقمژ فژضج ئجاته تااغ ه ثشظ چصقآا كه ثب فژضج ختغفدغ تاغشى ندغسنتاسغآ ا تااخژ لاخل ب جصکقآصت

سصدغ تاغشى لاا تاا ئ تااغ ا صکقآسنتا ب اغ صدغب اات ائفدغ لاج جابفژصدغ ئكضدلاصژ خلفدغ صژاات/سنتاسغآ ا

(13) Šašom Gayōmard brēhēnīd, rošn čiyōn xwaršēd; uš čahār nay paymānīg bālāy būd, pahnāy čiyōn bālāy rāst, pad bālāy ī rōd Dāitī, kū mayānag ī gēhān ēstēd; Gayōmard pad hōy ālag, Gāw pad dašn ālag; ušān dūrīh, ēk az did, dūrīh-iz ī az āb Dāitī, čand bālāy xwēš būd; čašmōmand ud ***** gōšōmand ud uzwānōmand ud daxšagōmand būd; Gayōmard duxšagōmandīh ēd kū, mardōm az ōy tōhmag, pad ān hangōšīdag, zād hēnd; uš dād, ō ayārīh, ī Xwāb-Āsānīh ī Dādār; čē Ohrmazd ān ēd frāz brēhēnīd, pad mard kirb ī buland ī pānzdah sālag, rōšn; uš Gayōmard abāg Gāw az Zamīg brēhēnīd; uš az Rōšnīh ud zargōnīh ī Asmān, šusar ī mardōmān ud gāwān frāz brēhēnīd; čiyōn ēn dō šusar Ātaxš tōhmag, nē Āb tōhmag; pad tan ī Gāw ud Gayōmard bē dād, tā-š purr-rawišnīh ī mardōmān ud gōspandān aziš būd.

Chapter 1A 35

(13) Sixth, He created Gayomard, shining like the sun; he was measured at four reeds height, width as equal to height, he stood at the shore of the River Daiti, which is in the middle of the world; Gayomard on the left side, the Cow on the right side; their distance, one from another, distance from the water of Daiti, was as of their own height; he contained eyes, ***** ears, tongue, a mark; Gayomard's marking is this, men were born of his seed, in (his) likeness; He created, for his aid, Peace-Giving-Sleep; for Ohrmazd created this forth, in the form of a tall man of fifteen years, shining; He created Gayomard along with the Cow from the Earth; He created forth the sperm of men and animals, from the Light and verdure[green-ness] of the Sky; as these two sperms are Fire seed, not Water seed; He produced them in the bodies of the Cow and Gayomard, so the complete progression of men and animals come from them.

لاا غبغب صکق ئ صدغضژبغج ب اغ صدغب ااتصدغفژا خلفدغ كه غبغب 14 لاا فژتا ئ وصدغنت عجح ا ضق ا غبثب كس صقب بكغظو ئ ى اغ ب كغظ ئ جى

ثب لتفدغغمژضدفلاكس ا ب كغظب جى ا غبثب كس ى اغ كسب فدغشب وختاات/

(14) Uš, ēn šaš dahišn, pad šaš gāh ī Gāhānbār, bē dād, pad sāl ī hangārd, sē sad ud šast ud panj rōz, dwāzdah māhīgān, ī har māh ī sīh rōz, ud māh-ēw sīh ud panj rōz; har rōz-ēw nām-ēw Amahrspand-ēw padiš nihād.

(14) He created these six creations, in the six periods in the six divisions of the year, which was considered a year, 365 days, 12 months, which each month has 30 days, and one month has 35 days; a name of an Amahrspand was placed for each one of the days.

/سثشججااچصقآاصدغ خلفدغ 15

(15) Uš čiyōnīh gōwam.

(15) I shall discuss their nature.


لاا صق كس چصقآا ه كس ئ ووسغ ب كغظب جصکقآصت غفقمژاگثضت 16 كس ^ اتاجاات ائ كس ئلجانتكا ائ كس ئ خلوا ب كغظ واتاغفکت غبثب

صقآا لاا ستاا ة غبثب كس ئ صدغضژب غج خلفدغ فدغم سصتكى گجم خلفدغ اچغجفژ كه عط سغآثفکت ئ سنت ا سصدغ سغآثفکت ئ ستاا ا ب كغظ ا

گنقآاصدغ ا# لصتغى صدغ ست/

(16) Nazdist, Asmān brēhēnīd, pad čehel rōz: čiyōn, az rōz ī Ohrmazd māh Frawardīn, tā [ēn?] rōz ī Ābān ī māh ī Urdwahišt; panj rōz abar pād: tā rōz ī Day-pad-Mihr; ān panj rōz ī Gāhānbār: uš nām Mēdyōzarm; uš wizārišn ēn kū: mānist ī Mard ud Āb, [mānist ī Mihr ud Māh, ud zargōnīh] ō paydāgīh mad.

(16) First, He created the Sky, in 40 days: for, from the day of Ohrmazd in the month Fravardin, until [this?] day of Aban of the month Ardwahisht; 5 days He rested[waited]: until the day of Day-in-Mihr; those five days are the days of Gahanbar: its name is Medyozarm; its explanation is this: the house of Man and Water, [the house of the Sun and the Moon, and verdure] came to revelation.

سصدغ صکت لاا صقى ا غبثب كس چصقآا ه كس ئ ستاا ئصتظج 17 غبثب كس ^ اتجااتب كغظ ئ واتاغفکتا ائ كس ئ خلوا ئ ب كغظ ئ تثج

ثب كس ئ صدغضژب غج خلفدغ فدغم سصتكى فدغمائ كس ئ صقآا لاا ستاا ة غبتثجى صژاات/اگثضت هافدغ اچغجفژ كه عطفدغ سصدغ جافژ ب اغ ى ات سه

(17) Dudīgar, Āb dād, pad panjāh ud panj rōz: čiyōn, az rōz ī Mihr ī māh ī Urdwahišt, tā rōz ī Ābān ī māh ī Tir; panj rōz abar pād: tā rōz ī Day-pad-Mihr; ān panj rōz ī Gāhānbār: uš nām Mēdyōšam, kē-š wizārišn ēn kū-š: Āb rōšn bē kard, čē, nazdist tērag būd.

(17) Second, He created Water, in 55 days: for, from the day Mihr of the month Ardwahisht, until the day of Aban month Tir; 5 days He rested[waited]: until the day of Day-in-Mihr; those 5 days are the days of Gahanbar: its name is Medyosham, its explanation is this: He made Water shining, for first, it was dark.

Chapter 1A 37

ثشظ صدغب اات لاا ضقى كس چصقآا ه كس ئ ستاا ئ ب كغظ ئضتظج 18 ائ كس ئغبثب كس ^ اتجاات تثج ائ كس ئ ثنتا ئ ب كغ ئ فکتكا ة

ثب كس ئ صدغضژب غج خلفدغ فدغم لصتثفککدغ خلفدغ اچغجفژ كهة غبوثنژ عط لخقى ا جاب فژصدغ ئ صدغمژ لاا ثشظ لصتغى ب اغ ى ات/

(18) Sidīgar, Zamīg dād, pad haftād rōz: čiyōn, az rōz ī Mihr ī māh ī Tir, tā rōz ī Ērt ī māh ī Šahrewar; ān panj rōz abar pād: tā rōz ī Anagrān; ān panj rōz ī Gāhānbār: uš nām Pētēšhā; uš wizārišn ēn kū: pāyag ud rawišnīh ī dāmān, pad Zamīg, paydāg bē kard.

(18) Third, He created the Earth, in 70 days: for, from the day of Mihr the month Tir, until the day of Erd the month Shahrewar; 5 days He rested[waited]: until the day of Anagran; those 5 days are the days of Gahanbar: its name is Petesh-ha; its explanation is this: He manifested a basis and movement of the creatures on Earth.

چصقآا ه كس ئ ووسغ ئچخدغجاس وجاج صدغب اات لاا ندغبثب كس 19 ائ غفکتخت كس كس ئكس ^ اتاجاات غبثب ب كغظ ئ ستاا ائ كس ئ ثنت

ثب كس ئ صدغضژب غج خلفدغ فدغم غصدغضجثم هافدغ اچغجفژ كهة غبوثنژ عط اجئ ا ب ائ ا كاى ا گنقآاصدغ لصتغى صژاات/

(19) Čahārom, Urwar dād, pad wīst ud panj rōz: čiyōn, az rōz ī Ohrmazd ī māh ī Mihr, tā rōz ī Ērd; panj rōz abar pād: tā [haštād rōz?] rōz ī Anagrān; ān panj rōz ī Gāhānbār: uš nām Ayāsrēm, kē-š wizārišn ēn kū[š?]: warg ud bōy ud gōnag ud zargōnīh paydāg būd.

(19) Fourth, He created the Tree, in 25 days: for, from the day of Ohrmazd the month Mihr, until the day of Erd; 5 days He rested[waited]: until [80 days?] the day of Anagran; those 5 days are the days of Gahanbar: its name is Ayasrem; its explanation is this: leaves, smell, color and green-ness appeared [from it].

چصقآا ه كس ئ ووسغلاا ضقى ا غبثب كس صدغب اات كضدلائ غبثب اس 20 كس ^غبثب ئ ب كغظ ئ خلوا ائ كس ئ صقآا لاا ستاا ئ ب كغ ئ صقآا


ثب كس ئ صدغضژب غج خلفدغ فدغم سصتصدغثجثم هافدغ اچغجفژة غبائ اتاجاات كه عط وبغج ئ ثشضتو صدغمژ ئ الفدغه ندع لصتغى ب اغ ى ات/

(20) Panjom, Gōspand dād, pad haftād ud panj rōz: čiyōn, az rōz ī Ohrmazd ī māh ī Ābān, tā rōz ī Day-pad-Mihr ī māh ī Day; panj rōz abar pād: tā rōz ī Wahrām; ān panj rōz Gāhānbār: uš nām Mēdyāirēm, kē-š wizārišn ēn kū: hambār ī zamestān, dāmān ī xwēš rāy, paydāg bē kard.

(20) Fifth, He created the Beneficent-Animal, in 75 days: for, from the day of Ohrmazd the month Aban, until the day of Day-in-Mihr the month Day; 5 days He rested[waited]: until the day of Wahram; those 5 days are the days of Gahanbar: its name is Medyairem, its explanation is this: He manifested winter storage (of provisions), on the account of His own creatures.

چصقآا ه كس ئصکقآسنتا لاا ضقى كس صدغب اات عط فدغفژس سنتاس 21 غبثب كس ^ندغم ئ ب كغ ئ صقآا ائ كس ئ وغثنژا ئ ب كغ ئ ضلاكستا

غبثب كس ئ تجالتى غصتاثب كس ئ صدغضژب غج غصتا ها ة غبائ اتاجاات ثهاااصت خلفدغ فدغم غمدغضل مدغفقم هافدغ اچغجفژ كه عط غشضلخدغها كچصتى

جاب فژصدغ لاا ضتثب لصتغى صژاات سه لجاخدغج ئ سنتاسغآ لاا غشضلخدغصدغجفلت وهئ/

(21) Šašom, Mardōm dād, kū Gayōmard, pad haftād rōz: čiyōn, az rōz ī Rām ī māh ī Dāy, tā rōz ī Anagrān ī māh ī Spandarmad; panj rōz abar pād: tā ān panj gāh ī Gāhānīg; ān panj rōz ī Gāhānbār; ast kē panj rōz ī truftag, ast kē duzīdag gōwēd: uš nām Hamaspasmadēm, kē-š wizārišn ēn kū: ham-spāh-rawišnīh pad gētīy paydāg būd; čē, frawahr ī mardōmān, pad ham-spāhīh, raft hēnd.

(21) Sixth, He created Man, who is Gayomard, in 70 days: for, from the day of Ram the month Day, until the day of Anagran the month Spandarmad; 5 days He rested[waited]: until the 5 Gathic periods; those 5 days are the days of Gahanbar; it is (said) that they are the 5 stolen[intercalary] days, it is said that they are stolen: its name is Hamaspasmadēm, its explanation is this: the military-congress was revealed on Earth; for, the Fravahars of men went, in the battle-array[same-formation].

Chapter 1A 39

فدغم ئ ة غبثب كس تجالتى غصتا ها غبثب صکق ئ صدغضژظ غصتا 22 صکق وفکتاغصت صکقثهاااصت لاا صقآاظ كه غصتا خژاصت فدغفلثج ها لاچى ئ

ضدفلصتست صکق اوفکتج صکق ا اغفکتاغفکت صکق/

(22) Nām ī ān panj rōz ī truftag, ast kē panj gāh ī Gāhānīg, ast kē panjag ī weh gōwēd, pad Dēnīg, ēn ast: Ahunavaīt Gāh, Auštavaīt Gāh, Spēntamat Gāh, Vohūšatr Gāh ud Vaheštōīšt Gāh.

(22) The names of these 5 stolen days, there is one who (calls them) the 5 Gathic periods, there is one who calls them the good pentad, from the Scripture, are these: the Ahunavaīt Gāh, the Auštavaīt Gāh, the Spēntamat Gāh, the Vohūšatr Gāh and the Vaheštōīšt Gāh.

خلفدغ فدغم كس ئظاثهاصت ة جى كس ئ لاا سخدغظو ئ وختاات 23 ووسغ اوها واتاغفکتا فکتاكا ضلاكستا واصتا غهاصتا صقآا لاا ختااا ختااا خلوا وج سخدغ تثج كفدغ صقآا لاا ستاا ستاا ضجافدغ جفژا لجانتكا اندغنژا

ندغم اختا صقآا لاا صقآا صقآا غنتا غفکتختا غفقمژا حدغشصکتا سغآضلائ وثنژا/

(23) Ān sīh rōz, ī pad māhīgān ī nihād ēstēd, uš nām: rōz ī Ohrmazd, Wahman, Ardwahišt, Šahrewar, Spandarmad, Hordād, Amurdād, Day-pad-Ādur, Ādur, Ābān, Xwar, Māh, Tīr, Gōš, Day-pad-Mihr, Mihr, Srōš, Rašn, Frawardīn, Wahrām, Rām, Wād, Dāy-pad-Dēn, Dēn, Ard[Ahrišwang], Aštād, Asmān, Zāmyād, Māraspand, (ud) Anagrān.

(23) Those 30 days, which are placed in a month, their names: the day of Ohrmazd, Wahman, Ardwahisht, Shahrewar, Spandarmad, Hordad, Amurdad, Day-pad-Adur, Adur, Aban, Xwar, Mah, Tir, Gosh, Day-pad-Mihr, Mihr, Sros, Rashn, Fravardin, Wahram, Ram, Wad, Day-pad-Den, Den, Ard[Ahrishwang], Ashtad, Asman, Zamyad, Maraspand, (and) Anagran.

لجانتكا ب كغسخدغ ئ غمژضدفلاصژ ة ئ صقب سخدغظو فدغم ه غم 24 فکتاكا ب ئ غهاصتا ب كغ ئ تثج ب كغ ئ واصتا ب كغ ئ واتاغفکتا ب كغئ

ئاوها ب كغ ئ صقآا ب كغ ئ ختااا ب كغ ئ خلوا ب كغ ئ ستاا ب كغ ئ كغ


ضلاكستا/

(24) Ān ī dwāzdah māhīgān nām, az ham Amahrspandān: māh ī Frawardīn, māh ī Ardwahišt, māh ī Hordād, māh ī Tīr, māh ī Amurdād, māh ī Šahrewar, māh ī Mihr, māh ī Ābān, māh ī Ādur, māh ī Day, māh ī Wahman, (ud) māh ī Spandarmad.

(24) Those 12 months' names, are from those same Amahrspand: the month of Fravardin, the month of Ardwahisht, the month of Hordad, the month of Tir, the month of Amurdad, the month of Shahrewar, the month of Mihr, the month of Aban, the month of Adur, the month of Day, the month of Wahman, (and) the month of Spandarmad.

س/ثشججااخقآى خقآى لاخلتج چصقآاصدغ خلفکژ 25

(25) Ušān čiyōnīh, ēk ēk, frāz-tar gōwam.

(25) I will talk (about) their natures further, one by one.

Chapter 2 41

^ لاخل ب جصکقآفژصدغ ئ جافژو/ 0

(0) Abar frāz brēhēnišnīh ī Rōšnān.

(0) On the procreation[forth creation] of the Luminaries[Lights].

غضتكصتکقآصت جصلاخل ب ووسغ وثجئ ئ غفقمژ ا ثشظ جافژو 1وجفدغصت/ظ خدغ# ب كغ ا خدغ# خکتجظ ا ةچ ئ ندغ خکتجوهئ ضتنژ ئ

(1) Ohrmazd, andarag Asmān ud Zamīg, Rōšnān frāz brēhēnīd; astēnīd hēnd starān ī axtarīg, ud ān-iz ī nē axtarīg, pas Māh, ud pas Xwaršēd.

(1) Ohrmazd created for the Luminaries, between the Sky and the Earth; the stars which are constellations, and also those which are not constellations, were stationed, then the Moon, and then the Sun.

ظ لتفدغ كسنتخکتجخلفدغ ضتنژ ئ کقآصت جصب ضلخدغجاگثضت چصقآا 2 وهئ سختى اج كه صقب هافکژ فدغم اجى ا تااغ كلتى ج ى نلائ فدغثج وفدغى ا تنکلاى ا صلكس اثشغضل اخدغظ كج سخدغظ هافکژ غشب ثفدغفژصدغ لاا ندعبعب

لصقآفکدفلغجى حغج vلغى صقآونتى ئ غمدغجفژصدغ هافکژ فدغم كه غصتا اغخلا تغحغندغ غحصقآضدغج ب ثفژ نژخت غندغخلغ لغخلع غجب حلغ لغجى ح

MedVa|AiaM سعفکدغخلغ ضلاج UHضج Uضج Iiا U جGT جاTندغنلفکدغ naraVتaz|Ub UrUM IiT WT ى خکتضج HaVت سخژ ى خکلتا خلفدغ غجاضل و ئ ضتثب سغآفژ وب فدغ ى ات وهئ عط غمت خقب صتا صدغمتااصتب ااصدغفژ

ب اچكئلصتخدغجى کقآئ ا صدغمژ ه اجهفکژ ى اغفغشثمدغج ئ الفدغه جى تثل ب هخکتجى اغ ظاثهاصت ئ ضلخدغ ا كائ ها ا# ى غجفلغج ب خکت وصکلى


کقآصتجصغفقب جصدغ لاخل ب ضصقجط ونتى ضتغج لاا اعبجح اغبغب جط اجهفکژ ة ئ ى اا خکتج غشغنژ غشنقآئ كصت ه ة ئ وغمدغجفژظ چصقآا لااوهئ

ظاثهاصت/اجهفکژ غفقب جصدغ غم

(2) Čiyōn nazdist spihr brēhēnīd; uš starān ī axtarīg padiš gumārd hēnd, mādagwar ēn dwāzdah, kē-šān nām: Warrag, ud Gāw, ud Dō-Pahikar, ud Karzang, ud Šagr, ud Hōšag, ud Tarāzug, ud Gazdum, ud Nēm-Asp, ud Wahīg, ud Dōl, ud Māhīg, kēšān ham-baxšišnīh pad wīst ud haft xwurdag ī āmārišnīh, kēšān nām ēn ast: Padēvar, Pēšparvīz, Parvīz, Pahā, Azēsar, Bešn, Raxat, Taraha, Azara, Nahn, Maiān, Avdem, Māšāha, Spor, Husru, Srōi, Nur, Gēlū, Grafša, Varant, Gāo, Gōi, Muru, Bunda, Kahtsar, Vaht, Mayān, (ud) Kaht; uš harwisp bun-dahišnān ī gētīy mānišn awiš kard hēnd, kū, ka Ēbgat rasēd, padīrag hamēmāl ī xwēš kōxšēnd ud dāmān az awēšān petyārag bōzēnd; handāzag ī spāh ud gund, kē ō kārezār baxt ēstēd, har axtar-ēw az awēšān; šaš hazār ud čahār sad ud haštād hazār xwurdag stār, pad ayārīh, frāz brēhēnīd hēnd, ān ī nūn axtar-āmārān āmārēnd, jud az ān ī a-mārišnīg čiyōn pad ham-ayārīh awēšān ēstēnd.

(2) As He first created the firmament[sphere]; the constellation-stars were appointed to it, especially these twelve, which names' are: the Ram, the Cow, the Twins, the Crab, the Lion, the Husk-of-Corn, the Balance, the Scorpion, the Centaur, the Goat, the pot, and the Fish, which are sub-portioned[divided] into 28 asterisms of reckoning, their names are these: Padevar, Peshparviz, Parviz, Paha, Azesar, Beshn, Raxat, Taraha, Azara, Nahn, Maian, Avdem, Mashaha, Spor, Husru, Sroi, Nur, Gelu, Grafsha, Varant, Gao, Goi, Muru, Bunda, Kahtsar, Vaht, Mayān, (and) Kaht; all of the earthly primal-creations made their homes in it[the firmament], that, when the Adversary comes, they may battle against their own enemy and the creatures may be saved for their counter-part; like a soldier and a troop, which is portioned for battle, each of these constellation; 6,400 80,000[6,400+80,000=86,400?] small stars were created, for aid, those which astronomers now number, except those which are uncounted, for they stand by for their mutual aid.

نژ عب ضلخدغ لت لاا عب ى اضت كسغنت ضلخدغ لتبخکتلاا اجهفکژ 3 ضلخدغ لتو كسغنت ى ب ئ غشج ضتغجى ئ اغشفلفکتظ لاا ى اضت^ اجهفکژ

نژ/خکتى اضت صقآغى صقآغى كسغنت لاا غشگاجصدغ اثجاى صکتغج اجهفکژ

(3) Pad awēšān Axtarān, čahār spāhbed, pad čahār kust, gumārd; spāhbed-ēw, abar awēšān spāhbedān, gumārd; was, a-mar, stārag ī nāmčištīg, pad kust kust ud gyāg

Chapter 2 43

gyāg, gumārd, pad hamzōrīh, nērōg-dādār awēšān Axtarān.

(3) For the Constellations, He appointed four generals, in four directions; He appointed a general over the generals; He appointed many, un-numbered, well-known stars, to varying directions and varying places, with cooperation, (as) givers-of-power (to) these Constellations.

ثهاااصت عط تثفکتج وندغضژا ضلخدغ لت ضتاثفق اثشجاچ چصقآا 4 ضلخدغ لت ااائ ونژلنژ ضلخدغ لت خلتى جائ خلخکتج ضلخدغ لت سفق ئ صکق ها سخژ غفقمژ ثهاااصت ضلخدغ لتو ضلخدغ لت لغجائ ا سحتخت ا خلوظ ئ كه

سج ى اضتى چو فقآصدغج/

(4) Čiyōn gōwēd ku: “Tištar Xwarāsān spāhbed, Sadwēs Nēm-Rōz spāhbed, Wanand Xwarōfrān spāhbed, Haftōring Abāxtar spāhbed, Meh ī Gāh, kē (Meh ī) Mayān-Asmān gōwēd, spāhbedān spāhbed; Pārand ud Māzdad ud abārīg ī ēn mar kustag-izān sālār.”

(4) As is it is said: “Sirius is the East general, Sadwes is the South general, Vega[Antares] is the West general, the Seven Bears[Great Bear] is the North general, the Lord of Thrones, [Capricorn], which they call the (Lord of) Mid-Heaven, the general of generals; is Parand and Mazdad and the others of this number are also the leaders of the directions.”

ا خکتج غمدغنژ كه ضتغجى و ئ ى اضت ا غجى و خکلفژظ ى اصتاائ ا 5/,,,,ثهااائ عط اچاجثصدغ اوضتكا اچاجثصدغ ضتظجسفق ا ىفق ا سخژى ندع

(5) Ud axtar-āmārān ēn stāragān ī kust ud ālagān hāzišnīg xwānēnd; ud meh ud keh ud mayānag rāy gōwēnd ku: wuzurgīh naxustēn, wuzurgīh sidīgar......

(5) And astronomers call these stars of the directions and sides, leaders[persuaders]; and they say, regarding the great, little and medium stars, the first greatness[magnitude], the third magnitude.........


صقبچصقآا خکتج صدغ ئ فژتاب وختاات صقب غمژغى كه ضلخدغج لاا 6چصقآا كس فکدفلو/ب جى فقآفدغ خکتجب كغظو ى اغ

(6) Ēn spihr pad homānāgīh ī sāl-ēw nihād: dwāzdah axtar čiyōn dwāzdah māhīgān; har axtar-ēw sīh suš, čiyōn har māh-ēw sīh rōz-šabān.

(6) He placed this firmament[sphere] in the likeness of a year: twelve constellations like twelve months; each constellation (has) 30 degrees, like each month (has) 30 days and nights.

خقب صتا %غمت تسه عط نژ خلخکتخلفدغ خلتاجائ لاا ى اضت ئ 7 كفکژ صژاات كسغنت ه عبغب ى ثفژج ه ى ثفژجب ب اثب وب فدغكب غجضت

ندع لاا ة چثم خلتاجائكسصلفژ نژ % اكغنتغجصدغ ئ ى ثفژظاثهاصت لتاضت ى اصتاصدغصت/

(7) Uš Haftōring, pad kust ī abāxtarān, ānōh kū, ka Ēbgat andar dwārist, Dušox būd, gumārd; az haft kišwar, az har kišwar-ēw, band-ēw awiš paywast ēstēd, winnārdārīh ī kišwarān, andar gumēzišn, rāy: pad ān čim, Haftōring xwānīhēd.

(7) He appointed the Seven Bears[Great Bear] in the north direction, there where Hell was, for when the Adversary entered; of the seven countries, a band of every country is attached to it, for the establishment of the countries, in the mixing, it is called the Great Bear[the Seven Thrones], for that reason.

ا#كسصلفژ عط % خلفدغ ضلخدغج ئ اجهفکژ چخدغجى خقآكى وختاات 8ئ/ظاثهاجاب فژ

(8) Uš spihr ī awēšān, čihrag ud ēwēnag nihād, kū[kē?], andar gumēzišn, ō rawišn ēstēnd.

(8) He placed the sphere, the nature and form of these (constellations),

Chapter 2 45

that[which?], in the mixing, remain in motion[progression].

خقب صتااكغنت عط غمت سصلفژصدغ خژا خللج اجهفکژ ضتنژ ئ خقآ 9 ضلاچكئ ا# خلنتج كسصکتاا ندغ فدغظااصت خلفدغ صقه ى اغفدغفژ لااصدغمتااصت

لاا اجهفکژ ضلخدغلتصدغ كسنت تسه ى اصتااصدغصتسغگثضتو صقآا ئ فدغفلثجسختخژ ئ نلس لصتغى خلصلى صدغ % كسصلى صدغ وغ ندع ضتج ئ خقآسصلى صدغ

ست اجهفکژ ندغ كسصکت وهئ خکتج غمدغنژلصتخدغجى ى اصتااصدغصت سه غمت ى ااصتاائ ضلخدغج ئ خللج ضلخدغج ئ خلفدغ وصدغج ا افدغصل لتفدغ جاصت سهفکژ

ظو هكس ئ خلصلى و/كسصلفژندغ تاب و غمدغنتاا

(9) Any, azabar awēšān, starān ī a-gumēzišnīh winnārd, kū ka Ēbgat rasēd, pad kōxšišn spōzēnd, ō abardar gumēxtan nē hilēd; uš Xwarrah ī weh Dēn ī Māzdēsnān, pad awēšān spāhbedīh, gumārd; ānōh xwānīhēd mādayān ī razm, paydāgīh ī abēzagīh andar gumēzagīh; ēd rāy, star ī a-gumēzagīh xwānīhēd, čē, ka Petyārag mad, awēšān nē gumēxt hēnd; axtar-āmārān xwānēnd spihr ī azabar sphir, ī uš ōgār ud nišēb padiš nēst, čē-šān nē tuwān āmārdan gumēzišnīgān tis ī abēzagān.

(9) Again, He arranged above them, the unmixable stars, (so) that, when the Adversary arrives, they[stars] may reject him in combat, and he[Adversary] may not release mixing unto the higher (sphere), and He appointed the Glory of the good Religion of the Mazdaeans, as their general; that place is called the core of battle, the manifestation of purity in the mixing; for this reason, they are called unmixable stars; for, when the Adversary came, they did not become mixed; astronomers call it a firmament which is above the firmament, which there is no ebb nor declivity upon it, for they cannot judge[reckon] the mixable (stars) , the thing[substance] of the pure.

خللج ئ ة 11/ تاغشىكضدلائ سخدغ ئ ب جصکقآصت خللج ه ة 10 لاا فقآصدغجصدغ ئوجفدغصت خلفدغ سخدغ ا 12ئ غجااصدغضل/ ب جصکقآصت وجفدغصت كسغنت عطفکژ غشغى ب ائ ا#ا خقآسصلفژظ ظكسصلفژاجهفکژ خکتنژ ئ

ا سخدغ/وجفدغصت


(10) Azabar az ān, brēhēnīd Māh ī Gōspand-tōhmag. (11) Azabar ī ān, brēhēnīd Xwaršēd ī arwand-asp. (12) Uš Māh ud Xwaršēd, pad sālārīh ī awēšān axtarān ī gumēzišnīh ud a-gumēzišnīh, gumārd; kū-šān hamāg band ō Xwaršēd ud Māh.

(10) Above that, He created the Moon containing the seed of the Beneficent-Animal. (11) Above that, He created the swift-horsed Sun. (12) He appointed the Moon and the Sun, as the leaders of the mixable stars[constellations] and the unmixable stars; that they are all bound to the Sun and the Moon.

غضن جافژصدغها ا# غمژضدفلاصژ صکق ئ وجفدغصت ب جصکقآصت خللج 13 صدغفژاكهچ غصتا غبغب لغظ ئ غبغب 14ظاثهاصت/ صکق ئ ووسغ لتاضت

صدغ ئ ضتثب /صدغفژچصقآا غبغب

(13) Azabar Xwaršēd, brēhēnīd Gāh ī Amahrspandān, kē ō Asar Rōšnīh, Gāh ī Ohrmazd, paywast ēstēd. (14) Ēn-iz, ast šaš pāyag ī šaš dahišn, čiyōn šaš dahišnīh ī gētīy.

(13) Above the Sun, He created the Throne of the Amahrspand, which is connected to the Endless-Light, the Throne of Ohrmazd. (14) These too, are the 6 stations of the 6 creations, as there are six creations of the material world.

ا سخژ ئ اثم ئ ضلخدغج كسغنت اخت ا خلج ا ختغفدغ ئ اغگثفکت 15 ة ئ تثفکتج سصدغ كضقآائئ سثآالاا ة ئ سصدغ خقب صتا صدغمتااصت عط غمت

ا سخدغ ا ضتغجى و ى اتوجفدغصت خلفدغ ب ائچ ئ اجهفکژ غ م ا# ا اغنژ اغنقآئ ختغفدغ ئ ئغفقب جصدغ ضلخدغ لت غشى غج ا غمدوندغضژا خلفدغ تثفکتج ئ

اغگثفکت ا اخت ا خلج/

(15) Ud mayān ī nēm ī spihr, gumārd Wād ud Abr ud Ātaxš ī Vāzīšt, kū, ka Ēbgat rasēd, pad ān ī Āb Mēnōg, ān ī Tištar āb stānēnd ud wārān wārēnd; uš band-iz ī awēšān, ham ō Xwaršēd ud Māh ud stāragān kard; uš [čēr?] Tištar, ī Xwarāsān Spāhbed, hamkār ud ham-ayārīh ī Ātaxš ī Vāzīšt ud Wād ud Abr.

Chapter 2 47

(15) And among the middle of the firmament, He appointed the Wind, the Cloud and the Fire of Vazisht, that when the Adversary arrives, with the Water Spirit, they might take the water of Sirius and make rain; He created their connection too, also to the Sun, Moon and stars; His [brave?] Sirius, who is the General of the East, is the coworker and associate[same-aider] of the Fire Vazisht, the Water and Cloud.

ئ ى تى سضدع ة ئصدغجهابه اجهفکژ ضتغنژ ة ئ سفق چائ 16 ة ئ ى فق چائ جاثفدغه ئ تااغ ئ ى تى ظالتفژاسخژى چائ چخدغج ى اغج

سخدغ چائ غضلجثفدغب ثب خدغضج چصقآا ى اغ خدغضجب ئ لاا ثشظ لجفقآثب عنژاصل/وصلائغمژغى وجفدغصت لتسغآظ

(16) Az awēšān starān, ān ī meh čand dālman-ēw ī kadag-masāy, ān ī mayānag čand čahār-kanār padēx[?], ān ī kas čand sar ī gāw ī kadagīg; Māh čand asprēs-ēw dō hāsar; čiyōn har hāsar-ēw ī pad zamīg frasang-ēw paymānīg homānāg; Xwaršēd and-čand Ērān-wēz.

(16) Of these stars, those which are big are as big as [an eagle], which is house-sized, those which are medium (in size) are as big as a four-sided-granary[prosperity?], those which are small are as big as the head of a domestic cow; the Moon is as big as a race-course of two hasars; as each each hasar on the ground is like a measured frasang; the Sun is as big as the home of the Aryans.

ندغظاثهاخت ا اجهفکژ ضتنژ وجفدغصت سخدغ ا خقب صتا ائ ستاا ئ 17 اتغنت ا غهغج اثشجاچ صژاات خدغ# ه ستااضکتاات ا خلصلى صکدغ گمژ غشع

ظاثهائ/وهئ ا ائ لنلغم ه ة جاب فژ ندغ ظاثهاخت ا# جاب فژ خقب صتا ئ

(17) Tā madan ī Ēbgat, Māh ud Xwaršēd ud awēšān starān ēstād, nē raft hēnd, ud abēzagīhā zamān hamē widārd, ud hāmwār nēm-rōz būd; pas az madan ī Ēbgat, ō rawišn ēstād hēnd, ud tā frazām, az ān rawišn, nē ēstēnd.

(17) Until the coming of the Adversary, the Moon and the Sun and the stars were standing (still), they did not move, and they were passing time purely, it was always noon[mid-day]; after the coming of the Adversary, they stood in motion, and until the end, they did desist[stand] from that motion.


سفق تج تثج ئ غب لجئ غمت ة ئچصقآا وجفدغصت جاب فژصدغ ئ 18 غبوك چصقآا سفق تج ثب اغ ه ة ئ سفق تج ى سغآ فدغضتااصت سخدغ جاب فژ

لجئ تثج ئ سخژى غمت ة ئ سخژى ثب اغ ه ة ئ سخژى ى سغآ فدغضتااصتغب لجئ تثج ئ ى فق غمت ة ئ ى فق ثب اغ ه ة ئ ى فقچصقآا ضتغنژ جاب فژ

ى سغآ فدغضتااصت/

(18) Rawišnīh ī Xwaršēd čiyōn meh-tar tigr ī sē parrag, ka ān ī meh-tar mard, az ān ī meh-tar kamān, wihēd; Māh rawišn ōwōn čiyōn sē parrag tigr ī mayānag, ka ān ī mayānag mard, az ān ī mayānag kamān, wihēd; starān rawišn čiyōn sē parrag tigr ī keh, ka ān ī keh mard, az ān ī keh kamān, wihēd.

(18) The movement of the Sun is like a very large arrow of three feathers, as a very large man shoots[throws] it, from a very large bow; the movement of the Moon is like a three feathered medium arrow, as a medium man shoots it, from a medium bow; the movement of the stars is like a small three feathered arrow, as a small man shoots it, from a small bow.

ه اجهفکژ خکتنژ تصل جاب فژتج وهئ تثفکتج ا ب فژ ا تنکدغى ا 19خلجى ا لتضلج ا لثفدغ لجاصل/

(19) Az awēšān axtarān, tēz rawišntar hēnd: Tištar ud Bešn ud Tarāhab ud Arazag ud Padēybar ud Pēš-Parvīz.

(19) From these constellations, they are of very swift moving: Sirius, Beshn, Tarahag, Azara, Padeybar and Pesh-Parviz.

ب اغه ة غمت خکتجب ب اغ فدغظااصت ائ ة ئ تائ وجفدغصت 20غصکلصت سخژى ثجائ وصلائ ثب اغب ^ كضژاصت ا ب اغ فدغضتااصت/

Chapter 2 49

(20) Xwaršēd, az ān ka axtar-ēw be hilēd, tā ān ī did bē abāyēd, mayānag drang, and-čand mard-ēw sang-ēw abar stānēd ud bē wihēd.

(20) The Sun, from that when it abandons a constellation, until it is necessary (to get to) another, is of medium duration, as much as a man taking a rock and throwing it.

the greater iranian bundahishn: a pahlavi student's 2013 guide

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