the gilded age the rise of big labor. sources of labor former self-employed siblings in farming...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Gilded Age
The Rise of Big Labor
![Page 2: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sources of Labor
Former Self-employed
Siblings in farming families
Immigrants (largest category)Between 1870 and 1920 24 million immigrants arrived
from:Southern and Eastern Europe – 60%
Northern Europe – 25%
Other (Asia, Mexico, etc.) – 15%
By 1910 53% of all wage earners were of foreign birth
![Page 3: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Effect of Mechanization on Labor
Changed employer-employee relationsGradually reduced customary autonomyDecision making became centralized in managementWorkers generally lost control of production processPace of production set by managersIncreasingly impersonal
Created new categories of workersSkilled artisans generally replaced by unskilled “machine tenders”Supervisors, managers
![Page 4: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Women in the Workforce
![Page 5: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The “Boom” & “Bust” Business Cycle
![Page 6: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Terence Powderly,Leader of
the Knights of Labor
![Page 7: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Knights of Labor
Rejected “wage slavery”
Open to all laborers, skilled and unskilled
Maintained an adversarial relationship with business
Advocated broad social and economic reformsProducer’s cooperatives
End to Child labor
Graduated income tax
Monetary reform
![Page 8: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Haymarket Square Riot
![Page 9: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Samuel Gomper
sof the AFL
![Page 10: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The American Federation of Labor
Restricted to skilled laborers
Accepted wage system
Wanted to work with business owners
Promised amenable labor relations
![Page 11: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
First nationwide strikeBegan in Martinsburg, WV
Strike spread quickly along the rail routesStrikers halted all train trafficUnemployed and workers in other industries joined the protest
Mobs defied militia sent to disperse themRioting persisted for about a week
Fearing a national insurrection President Hayes called out the army to suppress the strike
Federal troops fired into a crowd in Pittsburg, killing 20By the end of the strike over 100 were dead
![Page 12: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
![Page 13: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Homestead Steel StrikeCarnegie determined to gain control over every facet of production
Want to break the Amalgamated Iron, Steel and Tin Workers Union
Workers went on strike in JuneGovernor refused to use National Guard to disperse themSteel Company used a private armyAfter day-long gun battle, governor sent in troops to restore orderFactory reopened with strikebreakersAfter four months the union was forced to admit defeat
Carnegie reduced workforce by 25%Lengthened work dayCut wages 25%Affected all steel workers
Within a decade, every major steel company operated without union interference
![Page 14: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Troops Guard the Trains during the Pullman Strike
![Page 15: The Gilded Age The Rise of Big Labor. Sources of Labor Former Self-employed Siblings in farming families Immigrants (largest category) Between 1870 and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649ec45503460f94bcefae/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Eugene V. Debs
Head of the American
Railway Union and founder of the American Socialist Party