Glion Colloquium / June 20091

The Future of the LHC and CERN

Accelerating Science and Innovation

R.-D. Heuer, CERN Royal Society, 17 May 2011

“Discovery” of Standard Model

through synergy of

hadron - hadron colliders (e.g. Tevatron)

lepton - hadron colliders (HERA)

lepton - lepton colliders (e.g. LEP, SLC)

Past few decades

possible due to • precision measurements • known higher order electroweak corrections

)ln(,)( 2

W

h

W

t

M

M

M

M

LEP

Test of the SM at the Level of Quantum Fluctuations

indirect determination of the top mass

prediction of the range for the Higgs mass

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origin of mass/matter or origin of electroweak symmetry breaking

unification of forces

fundamental symmetry of forces and matter

unification of quantum physics and general relativity

number of space/time dimensions

what is dark matter

what is dark energy

Key Questions of Particle Physics

Solutions?

Higgs

Salam WeinbergGlashow

Extra DimensionsNew dimensions introduced

mGravity ≈ melw Hierarchy problem solved

New particles at ≈ TeV scale

SupersymmetryNew particles at ≈ TeV scale, light Higgs

Unification of forcesHiggs mass stabilizedNo new interactions

TechnicolorNew (strong) interactions produce

EWSB

Extensions of the SM gauge group :

Little Higgs / GUTs / …

Rubbia van der Meer

Veltman ‘t HooftGrossWilczekPolitzer

CroninFitch

Reines

PerlFriedman

Kendall

Taylor

LedermanSchwartz

Steinberger

Richter

Ting

Gell-MannAlvarezFeynman

Schwinger

Hofstadter

Yang Lee

Selected NP since 1957 Except P. Higgs

For all proposed solutions: new particles should appear

at the TeV scale or below

LHC StrategyFull exploitation of the LHC physics potential

maximize integrated luminosity useful for physics

- LHC operation for about two decades, aim at ∫Ldt ≈ 3000/fb

- First decade: up to ~design luminosity (~1034/cm2/s) connection of LINAC4 around 2017 detector improvements to optimize data collection

- High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) during 2nd decade luminosity around 5x1034/cm2/s, luminosity levelling new Inner Triplet around 2021 (combine both phases) detector upgrades around 2021 R&D NOW

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The LHC near term

Accelerating Science and Innovation

- Accelerator Chain performed very well in 2010 - Detectors performed very well in 2010

- Headroom in accelerator performance

- Headroom in analysis performance

- Excellent prospects for Higgs-Boson Discovery or Exclusion in 2011/2012

near term: 2011/2012

see previous talks at this meeting

Search for the Higgs-Boson at the LHC

Production rateof the Higgs-Bosonsdepends on its mass

as well as its decay possibilities(“Signature (or picture)” as seen in the detector)

100 200 300 400 500 6000114

158 173

Low Mass ( MH≈ 120 GeV )

HγγH WW qqHττ

V+ Hbb qqHbb

V+ HWW

Low Mass ( MH≈ 120 GeV )

HγγH WW qqHττ

V+ Hbb qqHbb

V+ HWW

Mid Mass( MH ≈ 160 GeV )

HWWHZZ

Mid Mass( MH ≈ 160 GeV )

HWWHZZ

High Mass( MH≈ 400 GeV )

HZZHWW

High Mass( MH≈ 400 GeV )

HZZHWW

The Higgs Search Landscape: LHC Joins The Fray !

TevatronLEP+

Tevatron

95% CL Excluded Mass range

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CMS & ATLAS Projections Compared

11

120

Summary of Prospects

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Sergio Cittolin Higgs Boson, if it exists between masses of (114 - 600 GeV) will either be discovered or ruled out

in ≈ next two years Decided to run in 2011 and 2012

SM Higgs Search Prospects (Mass in GeV)

ATLAS + CMS

≈ 2 x CMS

95% CL exclusion

3 s sensitivity

5 s sensitivity

1 fb-1 120 - 530 135 - 475 152 - 175

2 fb-1 114 - 585 120 - 545 140 - 200

5 fb-1 114 - 600 114 - 600 128 - 482

10 fb-1 114 - 600 114 - 600 117 - 535

cccccccccc

Operate LHC in 2011 and 2012: 2011: Ecm = 7 TeV, expect Lint = 1 fb-1 (baseline), hope for more 2012: Lint possible increase by factor of ~ 2 (?)

2013/2014: shut down (≥ 18 months) to prepare LHC for 14 TeV operation

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The LHC medium term

Accelerating Science and Innovation

New Rough Draft 10 year plan

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update of European HEP Roadmap

start date to bedetermined,duration at least18 months

start dateand durationto be determined

Glion Colloquium / June 2009 15

The LHC long term

Accelerating Science and Innovation

Luminosity Upgrade (x5 with “levelling”)

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Longer Term

Luminosity Upgrade Scenario

For LHC high luminosities, the luminosity lifetime becomes comparable with the turn round time Low efficiency

Preliminary estimates show that the useful integrated luminosity is greater with

a peak luminosity of 5x1034 cm-2 s-1 and a longer luminosity lifetime (by luminosity levelling)

than with 1035 and a luminosity lifetime of a few hours Luminosity Levelling by

Beta*, crossing angle, crab cavities, and bunch length

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maximizes integrated luminosity useful for physics

Hardware for the Upgrade

• New high field insertion quadrupoles

• Upgraded cryo system for IP1 and IP5

• Upgrade of the intensity in the Injector Chain

• Crab Cavities to take advantage of the small beta*

• Single Event Upsets– SC links to allow power converters to be moved to surface

• Misc• Upgrade some correctors• Re-commissioning DS quads at higher gradient• Change of New Q5/Q4 (larger aperture), with new stronger

corrector orbit, displacements of few magnets• Larger aperture D2

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clear and exciting prospects for the next two decades for the LHC and CERN

Accelerating Science and Innovation

Glion Colloquium / June 200920

beyond LHC ?

CERN and the energy frontier

Road beyond Standard Model

through synergy of

hadron - hadron colliders (LHC, HL/HE-LHC?)

lepton - hadron colliders (LHeC ??)

lepton - lepton colliders (LC (ILC or CLIC) ?)

Next decades

LHC results will guide the way at the energy frontier

First Thoughts on an Energy Upgrade

HE-LHC

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Preliminary HE-LHC - parameters

Very Long Term Objectives: Higher Energy LHC

Very prel

iminary

with

large

error b

ars

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HE-LHC – main issues and R&D

• high-field 20-T dipole magnets based on Nb3Sn, Nb3Al, and HTS

• high-gradient quadrupole magnets for arc and IR

• fast cycling SC magnets for 1-TeV injector

• emittance control in regime of strong SR damping and IBS

• cryogenic handling of SR heat load (first analysis; looks manageable)

• dynamic vacuum

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The machine which will complement and extend the LHC best, and is closest to be realized, is a Linear e+e- Collider with a collision energy of at least 500 GeV.

PROJECTS: TeV Colliders (CMS energy up to 1 TeV) Technology ~ready ILC with superconducting cavities Multi-TeV Collider (CMS energies in multi-TeV range) R&D CLIC Two Beam Acceleration

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Linear e+e-Colliders

Energy 250 Gev x 250 GeV# of RF Units 560# of Cryomodules 1680# of 9-cell Cavities 14560Accelerating Gradient 31.5 MeV/mPeak luminosity 2 1034 cm-2s-1 Rep. Rate 5 HzIP sx 350 – 620 nm; sy 3.5 – 9.0 nmTotal Power ~230 MW2 Detectors Push-pull

The International Linear Collider

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Now: single tu

nnel desig

n

Energy range up to 0.5-1 TeV

22-Jan-11 FALC - SLAC

Global Design Effort 27

Cavity Gradient Milestone Achieved

2010Milestone

TDRGoal

D. Schulte ICHEP Paris, July 24, 2010 28

The CLIC LayoutEnergy range up to 2-3 TeV

Gradient at CLIC 4*10-7 BDR and 180 ns pulse length

T18 and TD18 built and tested at SLAC and KEK• real prototypes with

improved design are T24 and TD24

• measurements in plot for TD18 at KEK

December 14, 2

010:

Probe beam accelerated by

23 MV in

a TD24 acceleratin

g structu

re,

corre

sponding to

106 MV/m

.

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Tunnel implementations (laser straight)

Central Injector complex

Central MDI & Interaction Region

Tunnel implementations (lLC version)

Linear Collider Detector project @ CERN

LCD: addressing physics and detectors at CLIC and ILC

Current focus: Preparation of conceptual design report for CLIC detectors => developed into a truly international effort in 2010

Experimental issues for a CLIC experiment now well understood, and detector geometries for the CLIC benchmark studies were fixedAffiliation of CLIC CDR editors

Beam test with a tungsten-based HCAL for linear collider, CALICE collaboration

ring-ring solution: L ≤ 1033

linac-ring solution: lower L (?)

Would be the successorof HERA at higher cms

40 - 140 GeV on1 - 7 TeV

Large Hadron electron Collider: possible layouts

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Prof. Rolf-Dieter Heuer

new physics around 2011/12 ?

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The TeV Scale (far) beyond 2010

Goal: CDR in 2011

TDR/CDR

2012

Great opportunities ahead at the TeV scale

first window of opportunity for enabling decision on the way forward around 2012 (?)

(HL)-LHCHE-LHC ?

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Results from LHC will guide the wayExpect period for decision enabling on next steps earliest 2012

(at least) concerning energy frontier (similar situation concerning neutrino sector Θ13)

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- 2012 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics important for the planning of future projects (not only) at the energy frontier

- October 2011 ICFA Seminar at CERN: “Science driving Facilities for Particle Physics” opportunity to harmonize regional roadmaps

Results from LHC will guide the way

We are NOW in a new exciting era of accelerator

planning-design-construction-exploitation

and need intensified efforts on R&D and technical design work

to enable these decisions global collaboration and stability on long time scales

(don‘t forget: first workshop on LHC was 1984)

more coordination and more collaboration required

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CERN: opening the door…Council opened the door to greater integration in particle physics when it unanimously adopted the recommendations to examine the role of CERN in the light of increasing globalization in particle physics.

The key points agreed by Council include:– All states shall be eligible for Membership, irrespective of their

geographical location; – A new Associate Membership status has been introduced to allow non-

Member States to establish or intensify their institutional links with CERN;

– Participation of CERN in global projects wherever sited.

Romania is Candidate for Accession to Membership since 2010.Negotiations with Cyprus, Israel, Serbia, Slovenia and Turkey

applying for Membership are starting.Several countries interested in Associate Membership.

We need to define the most appropriate organizational form

for global projects NOW and need to be open and inventive

(scientists, funding agencies, politicians. . .)

Mandatory to have (accelerator) laboratories in all regions

as partners in accelerator development / construction /

commissiong / exploitation

Planning and execution of HEP projects today need

global partnership for global, regional and national projects

in other words: for the whole program

Use the exciting times ahead to establish such a partnership

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Particle Physics can and should play its role as

spearhead in innovations as in the past

now and in future

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