the five general types of reaction are combination, decomposition, single- replacement,...
TRANSCRIPT
Chemical Reactions
Classifying Reactions
The five general types of reaction are combination, decomposition, single-replacement,
double-replacement, and combustion.
Synthesis/Combination
A combination reaction is a chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance.
Synthesis/Combination
Products: It will always just produce ONE product Group A metal and a nonmetal react, the compound is the
metal cation and the nonmetal anion2K(s) +Cl2(g) 2KCl(s)
When two nonmetals react in a combination reaction, more than one product possible
S(s) + O2(g) SO2(g)
2S(s) + 3O2(g) 2SO3(g) More than one product may also result from the
combination reaction of a transition metal and a nonmetalFe(s) + S(s) FeS(s)
2Fe(s) + 3S(s) Fe2S3(s)
Practice with Synthesis Reactions
Complete and balance this equation for a combination reaction.
Be + O2
Write and balance the equation for the formation of magnesium nitride (Mg3N2) from its elements.
DecompositionA decomposition reaction is a chemical
change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products.
DecompositionProducts: The products can be any combination
of elements and compounds. Usually difficult to predict. A simple binary compound will break
down to its constituents. Most decomposition reactions require
energy in the form of light, heat or electricity
2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
Practice with Decomposition
Complete and balance this decomposition reaction
HI
Write the formula for the binary compound that decomposes to the products H2 and Br2
Single Replacement
A single replacement reaction is a chemical change in which one element replaces a
second element in a compound.
Single Replacement Reaction
Whether one metal will displace another metal from a compound depends upon the relative reactivities of the
two metals.
A reactive metal will replace any metal listed below it in the activity series.
Single Replacement
A halogen can replace another halogen from a compound. The activity of the halogens
decrease as you go down.
Br2(aq) + NaI(aq) NaBr(aq) + I2(aq)
Br2(aq) + NaCl(aq) No Reaction
Practice with Single Replacement ReactionsComplete the equations for these single
replacement reactions in aqueous solution. Balance each equation. Put “no reaction” if a
reaction does not occur.
Fe(s) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)
Cl2(aq) + NaI(aq)
Ca(aq) + H2O(l)
Double Replacement Reaction
A chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds.
Practice with Double Replacement
Write the products of these double-replacement reactions. Then balance each
equation.NaOH(aq) + Fe(NO3)3(aq)
(Iron(III)hydroxide is a precipitate)
Ba(NO3)2(aq) + H3PO4(aq)
(Barium phosphate is a precipitate)
Combustion Reactions
A combustion reaction is a chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with
oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light.
2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l)
The complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water.
Practice with Combustion Reactions
Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of each compound.
Formic acid (HCOOH)
Heptane (C7H16)