the first political party system: 1829 - 1852
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The First Political Party System: 1829 - 1852. The Crisis Over the Extension of Slavery to the Territories. The War with Mexico -- 13 May 1846 to 13 January 1847. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The First Political Party System: 1829 - 1852
The Crisis Over the Extension of Slavery to the Territories
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The War with Mexico -- 13 May 1846 to 13 January 1847
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The Compromise of 1850 – Passed by a Coalition of
Northern and Southern Democrats + Southern Whigs.
Northern Whigs either opposed or abstained in
the voting. Key Supporters: Henry Clay (Whig-
KY), Stephen A. Douglas (Dem-IL), Daniel Webster
(Whig-MA), Millard Fillmore (Whig, Vice-President
and President as of 9 July 1850).
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Opposed, Zachary Taylor (Whig), President (died,
9 July 1850), Jefferson Davis (Dem-MS), William
Seward (Whig/Free Soil-NY), Salmon P. Chase (Free
Soil-OH), Charles Sumner (Free Soil-MA), John C.
Calhoun (Dem-SC) – Made speech against and
shortly thereafter died, 31 March 1850 (Vice
President under John Quincy Adams and Andrew
Jackson’s first term).
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a.California to be Admitted as a Free State – 24 January
1848 Gold Discovered in California at Sutter’s Mill.
b. Part of Texas Given to the New Mexico Territory in
exchange for the U.S. assuming its public debt.
c. The Slave Trade was Abolished in the District of
Columbia.
d. A Fugitive Slave Law.
e. Utah and New Mexico Were Organized as Territories –
Popular Sovereignty.
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The Publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852. Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, it sold 300,000 copies during its first year of publication. It was turned into a stage play that was performed throughout the North. It helped fuel Northern Resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law.
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Stephen A. Douglas and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 30 May 1854.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act Repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and declared "that all questions pertaining to slavery in the territories, and in the new States to be formed there from, are to be left to the people residing therein, through their appropriate representatives." It organized the Kansas and Nebraska Territories.
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Stephen A. Douglas, 23 April 1813 – 3 June 1861
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Preston (Bully) Brooks' Attack on Charles Sumner on the Senate Floor on 21 May 1856 after Sumner's two day speech "The Crime Against Kansas."
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5 August 1819 – 27 January 1857
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Charles Sumner, 6 January 1811 – 11 March 1874
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Dred Scott, c. 1795 – 17 September 1858
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SS Central America, sunk in a hurricane, 12 September 1857
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Some of the Gold recovered from the wreck in 1987
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John Brown, 9 May 1800 - 2 December 1859
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"Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should
forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends
of justice, and mingle my blood further with the
blood of my children and with the blood of
millions in this slave country whose rights are
disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust
enactments, I say, let it be done." (Speech from
scaffold, 2 December 1859)
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Douglas 12 1,004,042 21.47% Northern DemocratLincoln 180 1,855,276 39.67% RepublicanBreckinridge 72 672,601 14.38% Southern DemocratBell 39 590,980 12.64% Unionist(Fusion) 0 553,570 11.84% Misc. Fusion Tick.
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A. SUMMARY – Realignment of the 1850s
1. Breadth and Depth of the Underlying Grievance – Slavery, it was
moral and produced conflict for decades.
2. Capacity to Provoke Resistance – Self-Evident, War broke out.
3. Leadership – Douglas, Clay, and other leaders were unable to stop the
polarization.
4. Division of Polar Forces Between the Two Parties – Split both Parties
along North-South lines but the split in the Whig Party was deeper.
5. Strength of Existing Party Attachments – Strong, but overwhelmed by
the Territorial Expansion Issue. The attachments held up well until the
early 1850s.