THE FIGHT FOR DEMOCRACY AND THE

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

THE FIGHT FOR DEMOCRACY AND THE

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

THE REGIONS OF GREAT

BRITAIN

THE REGIONS OF GREAT

BRITAIN

GREAT BRITAIN (INCLUDES ENGLAND

SCOTLAND, WALES)

THE UNITED KINGDOM (INCLUDES GRT. BRT. + N. IRELAND)

THE BRITISH ISLES(INCLUDES UK + IRELAND)

GREAT BRITAIN (INCLUDES ENGLAND

SCOTLAND, WALES)

THE UNITED KINGDOM (INCLUDES GRT. BRT. + N. IRELAND)

THE BRITISH ISLES(INCLUDES UK + IRELAND)

ENGLISH SOCIETY - 1600sENGLISH SOCIETY - 1600s- England was becoming powerful .- It began to colonize and wealthy entrepreneurs

emerged.- The wealthy and skilled fared well for themselves.

- England was becoming powerful .- It began to colonize and wealthy entrepreneurs

emerged.- The wealthy and skilled fared well for themselves.

NOTE - N. America India Africa

“The sun never setson the British Empire.”

ENGLISH SOCIETY - 1600sENGLISH SOCIETY - 1600s

- A class system divided England.

- A/ UPPER CLASS - king, nobles, high church.

- B/ MIDDLE CLASS - merchants, land owners,

military, professionals.

- C/ LOWER CLASS - ordinary workers

- A class system divided England.

- A/ UPPER CLASS - king, nobles, high church.

- B/ MIDDLE CLASS - merchants, land owners,

military, professionals.

- C/ LOWER CLASS - ordinary workers

Eng. class system.

THE ROLE OF RELIGIONTHE ROLE OF RELIGION- Most of England was Protestant.- The official church was the Church of England or Anglican Church.

- Supported by taxes and was seen as elaborate- There were many dissenters.

- Protestants were stern and suspicious and opposed elaborate ceremonies & wealth.

- ‘The Mayflower’ to N. Amer. - New England’.- Others entered parliament.

- Calvanists wanted plain & simple service.- Roman Catholics and others were sometimes tolerated but at other

times were fined or imprisoned.

- Most of England was Protestant.- The official church was the Church of England or Anglican Church.

- Supported by taxes and was seen as elaborate- There were many dissenters.

- Protestants were stern and suspicious and opposed elaborate ceremonies & wealth.

- ‘The Mayflower’ to N. Amer. - New England’.- Others entered parliament.

- Calvanists wanted plain & simple service.- Roman Catholics and others were sometimes tolerated but at other

times were fined or imprisoned.

WITCHESWITCHES MISFITS WHO DID NOT FIT

INTO SOCIETY. WOMEN UNMARRIED Intelligent

Mathew Hopkins - Witch Finder General- Sentencing - innocent if drowned.- exposed as a fraud and executed.

MISFITS WHO DID NOT FIT INTO SOCIETY. WOMEN UNMARRIED Intelligent

Mathew Hopkins - Witch Finder General- Sentencing - innocent if drowned.- exposed as a fraud and executed.

THE EARLY STUARTSTHE EARLY STUARTS

ELIZABETH I - Followed the Magna Carta

signed in 1215.- Monarch must rule lawfully.- Taxes approved by parliament.- Trial by jury.

- died in 1603.- Left England to JAMES I

- Aka ‘James VI of Scotland’.

ELIZABETH I - Followed the Magna Carta

signed in 1215.- Monarch must rule lawfully.- Taxes approved by parliament.- Trial by jury.

- died in 1603.- Left England to JAMES I

- Aka ‘James VI of Scotland’.

JAMES I JAMES I Ignored the Magna Carta and

introduced the Divine Right of Kings => angered parliament.

Intelligent but rude and obnoxious. Incompetent advisors.

Duke of Buckingham. Ran out of money but parliament

refused higher taxes unless they were granted more power.

Died in 1625 from stomach problems => left a divided nation.

Ignored the Magna Carta and introduced the Divine Right of Kings => angered parliament.

Intelligent but rude and obnoxious. Incompetent advisors.

Duke of Buckingham. Ran out of money but parliament

refused higher taxes unless they were granted more power.

Died in 1625 from stomach problems => left a divided nation.

CHARLES I CHARLES I

Son of James Also believed in Divine

Right. Extravagance angered the

people. Also relied on the hated

Duke of Buckingham His fathers favorite advisor. Led England into several

disasters. Wars with France and Spain.

Alienated all support.

Son of James Also believed in Divine

Right. Extravagance angered the

people. Also relied on the hated

Duke of Buckingham His fathers favorite advisor. Led England into several

disasters. Wars with France and Spain.

Alienated all support.

THE FIGHT WITH PARLIAMENTTHE FIGHT WITH PARLIAMENT Charles’ extravagant life needed $ and parliament

refused unless they were given their powers back. Charles tried to raise $ on his own.

Ship Money - money for warships which was pocketed by Charles.

Loans, mortgages, & tunnage (customs fees) Billeted soldiers Sold noble titles Used Court of Star Chamber to convict & imprison anyone who stood in his way.

RESULTS - still needed $, parliament still unfriendly, Duke of Buckingham killed, Puritans destroyed his churches.

Charles’ extravagant life needed $ and parliament refused unless they were given their powers back.

Charles tried to raise $ on his own. Ship Money - money for warships which was pocketed

by Charles. Loans, mortgages, & tunnage (customs fees) Billeted soldiers Sold noble titles Used Court of Star Chamber to convict & imprison anyone who stood in his way.

RESULTS - still needed $, parliament still unfriendly, Duke of Buckingham killed, Puritans destroyed his churches.

Duke of Buckingham

THE LONG PARLIAMENT THE LONG PARLIAMENT By 1637, Charles had big problems and shut down the ShortParliament and created the Long Parliament.

THE LONG PARLIAMENT-executed Charles’ trusted advisors Strafford

and Laud.-Planned to pass the Grand Remonstrance

(remove King’s powers).

DILEMA – The Royal Prerogative allowed the King to act outside the law if an emergency.

Was parliament breaking the law?Did the King have the right to rule as he saw fit? Who was in the wrong?

Strafford

Laud

Even parliament was divided.The King saw his chance & sold the

crown jewels to buy an army to fight back.

CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR

Royalists or Cavaliers Experienced riders & fighters.

Had to win quick victory => no $$$.

Royalists or Cavaliers Experienced riders & fighters.

Had to win quick victory => no $$$.

Local militia. Farmers etc. no experience.

Controlled the navy.

Allied with the Scots. New Model Army was led by Oliver Cromwell (Puritan)

Called the Roundheads.

Local militia. Farmers etc. no experience.

Controlled the navy.

Allied with the Scots. New Model Army was led by Oliver Cromwell (Puritan)

Called the Roundheads.

CHARLES vs. PARLIAMENT

Cavaliers Cromwell

RUMP PARLIAMENTRUMP PARLIAMENT

The King lost, and all the King’s supporters (Presbyterians) are removed from parliament.

The King is charged

with treason (by the Puritans).

The King lost, and all the King’s supporters (Presbyterians) are removed from parliament.

The King is charged

with treason (by the Puritans).

Pride’s Purge – the Puritans droveall Presbyterians out of parliament

THE TRIAL OF THE KINGTHE TRIAL OF THE KINGKing Charles was found guilty of treason

and executed in 1649.King Charles was found guilty of treason

and executed in 1649.NOTE – In 1649 treason was defined as “ the act of trying to overthrow the King.Is it possible for the King to overthrow himself?

The execution of King CharlesThe

Trial ofCharles

Was it a sin?????Was it a sin?????

YouTube - King Charles I execution.URL

OLIVER CROMWELLTHE LORD PROTECTOR

OLIVER CROMWELLTHE LORD PROTECTOR

Rump Parliament voted out Charles II (the rightful heir to England = Republic/Commonwealth the throne)

“Might Makes Right.” Scottish & Irish (Ireland still suffers

from Cromwell’s decisions)

Presbyterians & Catholic. Anyone opposed. Even the Rump Parliament.

Became a dictator. Issued the Blue Laws

No dancing, X-mas, sports, etc.

Rump Parliament voted out Charles II (the rightful heir to England = Republic/Commonwealth the throne)

“Might Makes Right.” Scottish & Irish (Ireland still suffers

from Cromwell’s decisions)

Presbyterians & Catholic. Anyone opposed. Even the Rump Parliament.

Became a dictator. Issued the Blue Laws

No dancing, X-mas, sports, etc.

NOTE – Cromwell died in 1658. He considered himself a failure as he opposed dictatorships.

THE RESTORATIONTHE RESTORATION

A new parliament elected. Charles II invited to be King. Constitutional Monarchy established. Eliminated Blue Laws. “Tories” supported King / “Whigs’

opposed the King. Rump Parliament members were

tortured. Cromwell’s body dug up & displayed as a

warning to others. Parliament issued the Test Act –

banned Catholics & made Church of England supreme. (Charles’ own brother = Catholic)

A new parliament elected. Charles II invited to be King. Constitutional Monarchy established. Eliminated Blue Laws. “Tories” supported King / “Whigs’

opposed the King. Rump Parliament members were

tortured. Cromwell’s body dug up & displayed as a

warning to others. Parliament issued the Test Act –

banned Catholics & made Church of England supreme. (Charles’ own brother = Catholic)

After Cromwell died:

Charles II

THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTIONTHE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

Charles’ successor/brother, James II, was Catholic.

James II believed in the Divine Right of Kings. People rebelled. Bloody Assizes – James’ Reign Of Terror.

Executed the rebels.

Charles’ successor/brother, James II, was Catholic.

James II believed in the Divine Right of Kings. People rebelled. Bloody Assizes – James’ Reign Of Terror.

Executed the rebels.

After the death of Charles II problems arose.

The Glorious Revolution-James II was forced to abdicate.-Mary and William of Orange

were invited to be the new King and Queen.

-Bill Of Rights implemented.

James II

Mary & William

1689