the fall of eric cantor - - lessons for america

IN THE CASE OF ERIC CANTOR,THE

VOTERS SENT A MESSAGE

SO JUST WHAT WAS THE

VOTERS' MESSAGE ?

SECTION

#

THE FALL OF ERIC CANTOR - -LESSONS FOR AMERICA

TOPICS

1 WHAT'S THE PROBLEM ?

2 WHY DID THE PROBLEM ARISE - - ROOT CAUSES ?

3HOW AND WHEN DO WE ADDRESS THE VOTER CONCERNS THAT COST ERIC CANTOR HIS JOB ?

4 SUMMARY COMMENTS

5 REFERENCES

Sect # THE FALL OF ERIC CANTOR - - LESSONS FOR AMERICA

1 WHAT IS THE PROBLEM ?

This analysis asserts that the recent highly unusual voting defeat of the U.S. House Majority Leader, Eric Cantor holds some important lessons for all American Citizens.

The reason behind the election result, which has some observers applauding and others wringing their hands, has several facets:i. The tactical mistake of taking one's Constituents too much for

granted. It has been pointed out by a number of analysts, that this was indeed a contributor to Cantor's mis-step.

ii. The strategic mistake of failing to understand deep Citizen concerns regarding the disregard of their Constitutional Rights by their elected Representatives, particularly in Washington, DC.

iii. The general dismay felt by Citizens regarding the daily spectacle of "gridlock" in too many aspects of our governance. This is gridlock between: the Republicans and the Democrats; the Federal Executive and Legislative Branches; and, the State and Federal governments. But, importantly, it also relates to the GOP infighting between its "Establishment" and "Tea Party" elements. The infighting factor has cost us unnecessary losses of key elections and must be FIXED.

These three issues are dealt with in further depth in the balance of this article. Additionally, some thoughts are proposed as to the origin of the general problem together with some proposed solution steps. IN SUM, THESE SOLUTIONS RELATE TO: (I) MORE INTERACTION BETWEEN

THE PEOPLES' REPRESENTATIVES AND THE PEOPLE THEMSELVES; (II) SOME AMENDED CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS TO SPELL OUT THESE INTERACTIONS; AND, (III) ALTERNATE WAYS OF ACHIEVING "COMMON GROUND" WITHIN THE GOP AND BETWEEN THE GOP AND THE DEMOCRATS.

A BIG

DISCONNECT

BETWEEN VOTERS

AND THEIR

ELECTED REPS

SECT # THE FALL OF ERIC CANTOR - - LESSONS FOR AMERICA

2 WHY DID THE PROBLEM ARISE? WHAT ARE ROOT CAUSES?

2-A. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IS BEING IGNORED BY BOTH GOVERNMENT AND CITIZENS - - BUT IT IS, IN THE

VIEW OF MANY, THE LUBRICANT OF GOOD GOVERNMENTThrough public participation, the process of political decision-making is opened up both to the input of Citizens' concerns and to more effective public scrutiny of Policy formulation. If intensified, public participation has the potential to strengthen the Nation by fostering deliberation over critical problems and the best way to solve them. The expanded participation promotes more Citizen "ownership" and yields more assurance of a balanced governance product.

We had this in the early years of our Republic, but in recent decades it has been slipping away. A ROOT CAUSE is the growth of government reach and the complexity added to government processes. But this complexity itself is a factor that thwarts Citizen participation in government, because the processes have become so cumbersome that the average Citizen (often including the Congress itself) cannot see the "forest for the trees".

But the "forest-trees" issue is also a source of the Partisanship and Gridlock that currently burdens the Nation. When the laws become too numerous and complex and time is not allocated for: (1) Congress to prioritize its work, so that it refrains from meddling in smaller matters best left to the Citizen, and (2) The Elected Representatives do not have time for more in-depth interaction with their Constituents - - then issues are reduced to sloganeering, which by definition is divisive and stimulates an environment for Gridlock. Alternatively, with more depth, data, debate and deliberation, common sense threads and compromises can be worked out. THIS IS A STRONGER PROCESS AND YIELDS A BETTER PRODUCT IN THE FORM OF A HAPPIER AND MORE PROSPEROUS NATION.

# THE FALL OF ERIC CANTOR - - LESSONS FOR AMERICA


2-B AN EXAMPLE ROOT CAUSE

To add a little specificity to this claim of fundamental

Governance process flaws, we'll now examine the example

of managing the National Budget.

The decentralized nature of the Congressional budget

process plays a key role in persistent budget deficits.

Responsibility for individual legislative bills that have

significant roles in determining the total amount of

spending is divided up today among 21 separate

committees in the Senate and 21 committees in the House

of Representatives. As the old saw says: “When everyone is

in charge - - no one is in charge.” Moreover, the competition

to fund so many projects deemed important, and in the

absence of overall prioritization, leads to a general

disincentive to manage the cumulative expenditures.

Ref. 2-a, from some years back provided this analysis.

This historical perspective adds good insight

into the issue.

As shown in the Table above, when the Budget

has been centralized, spending stays under

control. But when the rules are changed, and

decentralization is instituted, the overall

management tends to fall apart.

SECT

#

THE FALL OF ERIC CANTOR - - LESSONS FOR AMERICA


A brief recap of the key historical stages of Congressional Budgeting is this:

• From shortly after the beginning of the Constitutional period, spending was

controlled by a single committee in each House of Congress. In 1885, the

House distributed spending control to multiple authorizing committees.

Congressman Samuel Randall, chairman of the Appropriations Committee and a former Speaker of the House, warned in 1884, "If you undertake to divide all these appropriations and have many committees where there ought to be but one, you will enter upon a path of extravagance you cannot foresee the length of, or the depth of, until we find the Treasury of the country bankrupt."

• By the mid-1890s federal spending (excluding interest payments) was 50

percent larger than it had been in 1886, and by 1916 it had risen an additional

45 percent.• Congress recognized its problems and in 1919 it adopted a budget process

reform that "centers on one Committee ... the authority to report all appropriations." The House accepted this recommendation and the Senate followed shortly after.

• From 1921 until the onset of the Great Depression (1930), expenditures relative to GNP were held constant and the budget was balanced.

• Unfortunately, decentralization returned during the Depression and then grew in the 60’s and 70’s. During this period, Congress created more major programs ( e.g., Federal Deposit insurance; Social Security Pensions and Disability; Food Stamps; Medicare; Medicaid; etc. ) and distributed funding authorization amongst more Committees.

In sum, In 1932 the Appropriations

Committee had jurisdiction over

more than 90% of all programs. By

the early 1980's, the Appropriations

Committee controlled only about

40%. Seven other committees

shared an additional 55%.

33rd Speaker U.S. House of Reps.

In office 1876- 1881President:

Ulysses S. Grant

Rutherford B. Hayes

SECT# THE FALL OF ERIC CANTOR - - LESSONS FOR AMERICA


2-C A LESSON CAN BE DRAWN FROM THE BUDGET EXPERIENCE INTO THE FOLLOWING BROADER

FORMULATION:

Citizens must be aware and in touch with Government actions, rules and processes. These

“administrative” activities have a direct bearing on Citizen and National well-being. When the

government tries to undertake too much, it falls into a downward spiral of:

• Ultra-complex administrative oversight, which even a capable, well-intentioned, politically-

untainted group of Electeds cannot deal with.

• Centralization of thinking that produces muddled governance and leaves the Citizenry

bewildered and sitting on the sidelines.

• Ever more government and Regulatory Agencies to try to keep the processes and Citizens in

alignment with its centralized intentions.

Far better to keep government limited to its enumerated powers so that both Citizens and their

Representatives can put their minds together and develop a path for government that maximizes

opportunity for the NATION TO USE OPTIMALLY ALL OF ITS PUBLIC AND PRIVATE

BRAINPOWER. This recipe, with Citizens interacting effectively with their Representatives will

yield the strongest Nation plus preserve Citizen Freedoms of: Action, Thought and Pursuit of

Happiness.



2-D. EMERGENCE OF UNCHECKED POWERS OF THE FEDERAL GOV'T. AND CONTINUED EROSION OF STATE VS.

FEDERAL POWER.

A 2nd factor in the defeat of Eric Cantor is seen as this. Citizens have grown increasingly upset with the arrogance of government and with the lack of attention to this by the GOP Leadership of the U.S. HOUSE and SENATE. This disregard is not unexpected from the Democrats, including President Obama, but it is resented as a distinct abandonment of Principle by those elected under the GOP banner and is a particular exasperation with recent GOP Congressional Leadership. Moreover, it is seen as a significant deterioration of America's commitment to Citizen Freedoms.

Now, every Member of Congress has sworn an oath to uphold the Constitution. When the Executive Branch undercuts the separation of powers embedded into the Constitution, by usurping powers granted to the Congress, this is seen as bordering on incompetence, or worse, abandoning National Principles. As such, Citizens see corrective action at the ballot box, as their own duty to the Nation. It would be wrong to discount this element of the Cantor result. Some may view this as too harsh a judgment for those in the middle of the Washington DC political infighting and who may see going along with the Executive as the best path to preserve the GOP's electability by the populace. But many loyal Republicans outside the Beltway, see an "Establishment" betrayal of trust and oath as far worse than just a lost election. The list of grievances cited by the Citizens is long and serious. A brief version is shown In figure 2-D-1. FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION, SEE REFS 2-b, 2-c, and 2-d

Fig 2-D-1



2-E BOTH THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND THE GOP, FOR DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR REASONS, NEED

SIGNIFICANTLY MORE, SUBSTANTIVE, INTERACTION WITH THEIR VOTING BASE.

The National Government must keep America safe and must observe the Balance of Powers

that are structured in the Constitution. This includes not infringing on the non-enumerated

Powers that are delegated to the States AND TO THE PEOPLE.

The GOP, as all Political Parties, MUST SEEK AND WIN MAXIMUM VOTER APPROVAL, BY FAIR

AND PRINCIPLED MEANS. This is done by both (i) staying in close touch with voter thinking

and also, (ii) providing meaningful information to Voters about Party Principles and Solutions

for current and projected problems.

While the National and Party Problems have some commonality, they are generally somewhat different. In

contrast, the Solutions to both National and Party problems can have a significant amount in common, as

can be seen in the chart on the next page. In column 1, are separately grouped the National, and then,

Party problems. Column 2 lists some key Party Principles that are frequently espoused. Aligned against the

Principles are some Solution Elements that are readily aligned with the stated Principles.

In section 3 of this note, we broadly examine several of the Solution elements, viewing them as "toolkits",

each of which contain more specific tools to be applied. The intent is to demonstrate the validity of the

proposed Solution approach on a current National AND Political issue: our ever-mounting government

Debt.


3. HOW AND WHEN DO WE ADDRESS THE VOTER CONCERNS THAT COST ERIC CANTOR HIS JOB ?

3-A. A FEW OPENING THOUGHTS AND AN EXAMPLE OF ADDRESSING A CURRENT NATIONAL PROBLEM.

Newt Gingrich, some time ago, made the point that many of our Governance processes are broken (see figure 3-A-1 ). Thus, it is not simply a matter of addressing a bad law here or there. It is more fundamental and thus broader and more elemental solutions are called for; namely, we must address the broken processes or forever face an assembly line that puts out a defective product.

So the approach taken here, that Citizens need to be brought more into the Governance process, will require some significant changes to the way we handle this. Ultimately, the view here is that in the Digital Age, connecting Citizens and channeling their voices into a coherent message to Congress and the President is a technique that fits the need for some fundamental change while also strengthening our Constitution and the Rule of Law. Namely, let's add some Constitutional Amendments that clarify the manner in which Citizen influence can be enhanced to the benefit of our Republic, which was constructed with the "cement" of the Citizenry as an integral foundation of our Nation.

We'll be discussing this in broader terms shortly, but first, we'll just take a look at applying a few tools from

the suggested toolkit to a single real problem, namely America's National Debt. Figure 3-A-2 is a depiction

of such an application. The following points are made:

• (See the top box of Fig 3-A-2.) A formal, but purposely low-demand Citizen networking, via digital

means, can help in 2 ways: Citizens can converse amongst themselves about issues and also, in Groups,

with their Congressional Representatives. Voluntary Citizen periodic contacts with their Elected Reps,

would be mandated within the proposed Amendments.

Fig 3-A-1

Fig 3-A-2



3-A. (continued) • Separately, Citizens could coordinate amongst themselves, and contact their Representatives with

agreed-upon specific requests or important issues to be raised.• (See right side Box.) Since Congress appears not to have the same concern as Citizens regarding the

Debt limit, an Amendment that permits better Citizen control over tax structure and how funds are applied seems in order. Within separately stipulated overall tax limits, an option that introduces Citizen choice over how, say 5% of each Citizen's tax revenue, when submitted yearly to the IRS, is to be spent. This could help our Debt situation, which tends to have considerable Citizen support, although Congressional actions have been stalled for years.

• (See bottom box.) Creation of a Citizen's Oversight Panel, (C.O.P.) with specifically authorized access to the 3 Government branches, in response to a written request by, say 2000 Citizens, could make the case for Citizen-requested governmental action. It would be a request - - but carry with it the seal of an official Citizen input. Here the example is cited of a Citizen desire for energy policy change and resulting economic, Budget and Debt benefits.

• (See left side box.) Citizens and Business Leaders could meet via teleconference with designated Government Reps to advocate for Debt reduction to assure that U.S. currency remains a world standard, which has significant advantage to the National economy. This discussion could be set up under the coordination of the Citizen's Oversight Panel. Now this is not an "end run" around Congress or the Executive Branch. Rather, it is simply an adjustment to the balance of input currently received by Congress, but heavily weighted in favor of well-paid and equipped lobbyists.

• Similar tools, but not paid for by the government, would also be useful in connecting the Citizen more tightly to his political Party of choice. SEE A GENERAL LIST IN FIG 3-A-3. Again, this is a technique for improved Government functioning by improving the Citizen influence with top Party Leaders - - a communication circuit that apparently was not functioning well for Eric Cantor.

FIX THIS

Fig 3-A-3



3-A (continued)• We've mentioned the idea of a Digital Network that helps connect Citizens and Citizen Groups with

Electeds. How would this be set up? Figure 3-A-4 shows an example.• This would be a network, maintained by the Federal Gov't and the State Governments. It would be non-

partisan and have a geographic dispersal with a hierarchy that has cadres of National Leadership, State leadership, Legislative District Coordinators , County Coordinators, State District Coordinators and Neighborhood Leadership. All positions would be volunteer, unpaid positionsa, but government would provide for some modest maintenance expenses.

• As the picture illustrates, a hierarchy of 6 Tiers would form a Network of perhaps a ½ million Citizens. Business Groups could each register 1 designated Employee to help coordinate business interests. A 7 tier Group could establish a Network of 5 to 10 million Citizens.

• The intent would be to note the Network in the Federal Constitution Amendment, with Federal Administration managed by the Congress. Lower levels would be Administered by the respective State Governors.

• The Amendment would stipulate mandatory meetings with All Congressmen, All Congressional Chairmen, All Governors and All County Executives at some reasonable calendar frequency, unique to each level of meeting.

• As these are bi-partisan Groups, provisions would be made in the Amendments to assure that the Network function as Constitiuent discussions, not a separate branch of Executive, Legislative or Judicial

• Functions, although discussion topics would certainly be open in each area.• A related idea, which I love, and advanced totally idependently by Bob Schulz, is a series of "Citizen

State Houses" in every State, The idea is illustrated in Fig 3-A-5. The State Houses would help Citizens build their understanding of the Government and its Legal intricacies, a critical ingredient in supporting Government accountability to the People.

Fig 3-A-4

Fig 3-A-5



3-B. ADDRESSING THE BROADER ISSUE OF AMERICA'S BROKEN PROCESSES AND SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT A NEW BILL OF RIGHTS TO ENHANCE THE CITIZEN'S INFLUENCE

1. A Key thought regarding fixing our governance processes. These items are best rendered in a bi-partisan construct. Since the Amendments are largely developed to augment the Citizens voice, all Americans should share a common interest in their passage. Moreover, this is fully in line with creation of the Constitution itself, which faced many differing ideas. But as literate, and Patriotic Citizens, debate and deliberation were generally the order of the day. This often led to compromise between 2 or more strongly held views. One important example, discussed further in the Figure 3-B-1, was the issue of how strong should be the Federal Government vs the State Governments. It is helpful to keep in mind that the initial post-Revolutionary Government was generally agreed by the Framers to have some critical deficiencies related to the Federal Government capabilities. While that is no longer the case in present day, the principle is important: A Balance of Power was needed and that was the product. Fear of an overly strong Central Government, led to multiple compromises including the rather brilliant addition of the Bill of Rights shoring up individual Freedoms. So constructive compromise was reached - - accomplished without sacrificing important Freedoms for the Citizens. A short summary of the issue is seen in Figure 3-B-1.

Fig 3-B-1


3. HOW AND WHEN DO WE ADDRESS THE VOTER CONCERNS THAT COST ERIC CANTOR HIS JOB

?

3-B. (continued)2. The issue of a new set of Constitutional Amendments was noted earlier as a key ingredient

to addressing the Nation's "Broken Processes", a critical thought regarding fixing our Governance processes. Figure 3--B-2 illustrates the concept. The intent is to strengthen the Citizens collective voice in Governance and be formulated into an Amendment set, much like our original Bill of Rights. We've assigned the name "SPRING" Amendments to denote both a new American Spring and the acronym "STIPULATE THE PEOPLES RIGHTS INGOVERNANCE.

3. Further details are contained in reference 3-a. In this note we'll simply show 1 full Amendment statement of the 9 given in the Reference + a synopsis of phrases that are distilled from the selected Amendment and the other 8 provided in thatReference .

4. Figure 3-B-3 of Amendment # 9 illustrates a problem Statement together with the provisions proposed for this Amendment. It is not ecpected that this is the final wording for the Amendment which will be revieiwed by several others for completeness and legal phraseology. However, it is asserted to give a sound solution process for the Problem statement. Another point to be made, is that in each case, the Amendment has been constructed to be stated in somewhat general terms, since it has also been analyzed as a quite fitting statement for multiple other Problems also posed in somewhat general terms. For instance, clearly, the Citizens' Panel has wide process application to many current issues, including the National Debt, or Immigration Reform, or Tax Reform, etc.

Fig 3-B-2

Fig3-B-3



3-B. (continued)

5. Figure 3-B-4, consisting of 3 charts, is a tabulation of many of the Amendment stipulations that are encompassed by all 9 Amendments. The tabulation summary is grouped in 4 parts: (i) those providing Limits on government actions, (ii) those providing Mandates on actions the Government is to perform, (iii) several mandating Government Reports that are to provide specific information that Citizens must know in order to act knowledgeably as the Government overseers they are, and (iv) Citizen Panels that are to be created as the Citizens' "Ombudsmen" to specifically facilitate Citizen interaction with the Government. Such Panels would be Government-funded. Here again, while comprehensive relative to the generalized problems studied in Reference 3-a, it is expected that other actions and other provisions would be added in future reviews.

6. For those wishing to read about the Spring Amendments in further detail, please see Ref. 3-a

Fig 3-A-4



C. OPTIMIZING THE GOP

1. Fig 3.C-1 is a similar table to Fig 3-A-2, shown earlier for Tools to help the Government attack the Problem of our National Debt. Here we simulate, also for the National Debt problem, how Citizens could influence their Political Party, taken here as the GOP.

2. In the top box, is shown applying General GOP Principles with a specific overview of the recommended solution. The GOP is often criticized by opponents as not having specific soltions to offer. While the allegations are not true, it is useful to always have specific solutions to advocate yet still relate the specifics to the broader Party Core Beliefs.

3. In the right side box, the use of the Digital Networks to review and incorporate citizen thoughts on a solution, is advocated together with a written draft synopsis of the legislation envisioned

4. In the lower box, since there are likely to be some opinion differences on the best solution, it is likely that some compromises should be reviewed amongst all Parties and thoughts reviewed to the reason for, and fairness of, the comprise. In this regard, see Figure 4-1 and also Ref. 3-b. This step might also call for use of the Citizens' Oversight or special subject Panels to help coordinate this step with them.

5. In the left box, it should be noted that the solution is in close alignment to GOP Core Principles which are themselves aligned to the Founders ideals and the Constitution they have left in our care.

Fig 3-C-1


4. SUMMARY COMMENTS

America has many Governance process problems. A Root Cause is the continually degraded voice of Citizen influence on our Governance. A number of the reasons, fully deserved or not, were behind his Constituents recent voting rejection of House Majority Leader Eric Cantor. He is seen as part of the Washington "Establishment" that has lost touch with the Citizens' concerns about our Government. Related to that is the lack of respect and obedience to the Constitution that all our Electeds have sworn to uphold.

Furthermore Mr. Cantor is rightly viewed as an "Establishment" Member of the GOP which is turning its back on some of the more Conservative, but quite numerous members, many of whom have allegiance to various grassroots Tea Party Groups. So the Citizens see themselves and much Government progress stymied by both their Representatives and often, their Party itself. Not a happy picture.

The thesis advanced in this article argues that both the Government and Party issues can be much improved by some significant steps that STIPULATE the Peoples' Rights in their Governance. The steps are not exactly the same for each - - but structural likenesses do exist. These include Digital Networks that Citizens can partake in with mandated guarantees that they will have scheduled forums with their elected leaders at all governance levels. Moreover, there are steps that can be taken to provide Citizens one or more "Ombudsmen Panels" at various Government levels who will legally be mandated to interface with Officeholders when requested by a stipulated number of Registered Voters. Benefits will include better Citizen input to Government and better laws that the Citizens will feel more ownership of. Moreover, the time that their Congressional Representatives spend on ever-growing issue realms and violating Federal Branch and Regulatory powers not enumerated by our Constitution will be mandated to exclude some of these realms. This will free up time for better Citizen interaction, as is sorely needed.


4. SUMMARY COMMENTS (continued)

Again, Many of the tools provided to increase Citizen-Government interaction can also be applied to improving the Citizen-GOP interaction. Here the thought of compromise is also an important one to help prevent vote-killing Party rifts. I know many folks who are put off by the term: compromise, because they believe it always refers to core Principles. But this is not necessarily true. It is often 2nd level provisions that are at stake, Moreover, most of these same folks have, as I do, tremendous admiration for Ronald Reagan and the successes of his elections and Presidency. So I don't hesitate to call on R.R. for two pertinent summary quotes from him. Pls see Figure 4-1 and Ref 4-1.

“I became convinced that some of our fundamental freedoms were in jeopardy because of the emergence of a permanent government never envisioned by the framers of the Constitution: a federal bureaucracy that was becoming so powerful it was able to set policy and thwart the desires not only of ordinary citizens, but their elected representatives in Congress.…. We’re for limited government because we understand, as the Founding Fathers did, that it is the best way of ensuring personal liberty and empowering the individual so that every American of every race and region shares fully in the flowering of American prosperity and freedom.”

"My

eighty-

percent

friend is

not my

twenty-

percent

enemy."

Figure 4-1

SECT # REFERENCES

In this article, I've relied on many fine published works and wish to specifically acknowledge significant use of the articles by JEFFREY LORD and by John F. Cogan, which provided an extensive thread of information directly related to the subject matter treated here. . . . Mark Sussman

1-a " WE THE PEOPLE - CREATING THE CONSTITUTION ", http://slideplayer.us/slide/218591/ mOVE TO SEC 3 Madison pic

2-a "The Federal Budget", John F Cogan, The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics, 1991 article, http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/FederalBudget.html

2-b "THIS LAW DOESN'T EVEN EXIST; IT EXISTS IN OBAMA'S HEAD", CHARLES KRAUTHAMMER, VIDEO CLIP, REAL CLEAR POLITICS VIDEO , FEB 12 , 2014

2-c KRAUTHAMMER: "OBAMA OPERATING UNDER HIS OWN CONSTITUTION, RULING LIKE A BANANA REPUBLIC", VIDEO CLIP, HTTP://WWW.REALCLEARPOLITICS.COM/VIDEO/2014/06/12/KRAUTHAMMER_OBAMA_OPERATING_UNDER_HIS_OWN_CONSTITUTION_RULING_LIKE_A_BANANA_REPUBLIC.HTML , JUNE 12, 2014

2-d "CONSTITUTIONAL EXPERTS CALL OBAMA’S ABUSE OF POWER HISTORIC", HOPE HODGE, 9-12-2012, HUMAN EVENTS, http://www.humanevents.com/2012/09/12/constitutional-experts-call-obamas-abuse-of-power-historic/

3-a "Our Ivory-Tower, But Ever-Expanding Federal Government", Mark Sussman, Nov 17, 2013 , http://www.slideshare.net/MarkS181/specl-mbs-ppt-supporting-blog-issues-of-spring-amndmt

3-b "REAGAN WOULD HAVE FOUND COMMON GROUND WITH TEA PARTY", THOMAS DEL BECCARO , 5 DEC 2013, HTTP://WWW.BREITBART.COM/BIG-GOVERNMENT/2013/12/05/REAGAN-WOULD-HAVE-FOUND-COMMON-GROUND-WITH-TEA-PARTY

4-1 "DAVE BRAT AND THE RETURN OF THE CONSTITUTION", JEFFREY LORD , 6/12/14, THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR

http://slideplayer.us/slide/218591/

http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/FederalBudget.html

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2014/06/12/krauthammer_obama_operating_under_his_own_constitution_ruling_like_a_banana_republic.html

http://www.humanevents.com/2012/09/12/constitutional-experts-call-obamas-abuse-of-power-historic/

http://www.slideshare.net/MarkS181/specl-mbs-ppt-supporting-blog-issues-of-spring-amndmt

http://www.breitbart.com/Columnists/Thomas-Del-Beccaro

http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Government/2013/12/05/Reagan-Would-Have-Found-Common-Ground-With-Tea-Party

http://spectator.org/bios/jeffrey-lord

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