the externalisation of the problem and the re-authoring of lives and relationships by michael white

7/23/2019 The Externalisation of the Problem and the Re-authoring of Lives and Relationships by Michael White

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Ygc Cwyc}boheqebn dl Ygc [}dmhcf Obi Ygc ]c&Osygd}ebn dl He|cp obi ]choyedbpge{p

mu Fe`goch ^geyc

E ~dshi hejc yd ygobj Io|ei C{pydb ld} gep `dffcbyp db ob co}hec} i}oly dl ygep {o{c}"

Ish~e`g @cby}c( 093 @o}}ebnydb Py}ccy( Oichoeic( Pdsyg Ospy}oheo 3;;;( Ospy}oheo"

E go|c ~}eyycb ygep {o{c} eb }cp{dbpc yd ygc fobu }cqscpyp ygoy E go|c }cèc|ci l}df ygc}o{epyp yd

{}d|eic o fd}c {o}ye`sho} o``dsby dl ygc {}o`ye`cp oppdèoyci ~eyg ygc cwyc}boheebn dl {}dmhcfp"

Gc}c( E go|c m}dsngy ydncygc} eicop ygoy E go|c {smhepgci eb |o}edsp o}ye`hcp( obi ygdpc ygoy E go|c

{}cpcbyci oy ~d}jpgd{p yb }c`cby uco}p" Ygc le}py pc`yedb ep o }c|epci |c}pedb dl o {hcbo}u oii}cpp ygoy

E no|c oy ygc ?577Ofc}eòb Oppdèoyedb dl Fo}}eonc obi Lofehu Ygc}o{u @dblc}cb`c eb Bc~

D}hcobp"

Olyc} o iep`sppedb dl pdfc dl ygc fd}c `cby}oh eicop obi {}o`ye`cp oppdèoyci ~eyg ygc

cwyc}boheebn dl {}dmhcfp( p{cèle` op{c`yp dl ygcpc {}o`ye`cp o}c fd}c `hdpchu }c|ec~ci" Ygep ep

ldhhd~ci mu pdfc iep`sppedb dl ygc idfeboby `shys}oh {}o`ye`cp ygoy {}d|eic ygc `dbycwy ld} ygc

ygebnele oyedb d} dmac yeleòyedb dl {c}pdbp yg}dsng ygc ef{dpeyedb dl `c}yoeb ld}fp dl

ebie|eisoheyu ygoy o}c ò{ys}ebn dl ygcf" Ygc {}o ye`cp oppdèoyci ~eyg ygc cwyc}boheebn dl{}dmhcfp o}c {}d{dpci op `dsbyc}{}o`ye cp yd ygcpc idfeboby `shys}oh {}o`ye`cp

EBY]DIS@YEDB

Cwyc}boheqebn ep ob o{{}do`g yd ygc}o{u ygoy cb`ds}oncp {c}pdbp yd dmac`yelu( obi oy yefcp( yd

{c}pdbelu( ygc {}dmhcfp ygoy ygcu cw{c}ecb`c op d{{}cppe|c" Eb ygep {}d`cpp( ygc {}dmcf mc`dfcp o

pc{o}oyc cbyeyu obi ygsp cwyc}boh yd ygc {c}pdb ~gd ~op( d} ygc }choyedbpge{ ygoy ~op( op`}emci ygc

{}dmhcf" Ygdpc {}dmhcfp ygoy o}c `dbpeic}ci yd mc ebgc}cby( obi ygdpc }choye|chu lewci soheyecp ygoy

o}c oyy}emsyci yd {c}pdbp obi yd }choyedbpge{p( o}c }cbic}ci hcpp lewci obi hcpp }cpy}e`yebn"

E mcnob fu le}py pupycfoye` oyycf{yp oy cb` .s}onebn {c}pdbp yd cwyc}boheqc ygce} {}dmhcfp

o{{}dwefoychu ycb uco}p ond" Ygcpc oyycf{yp yddj {ho`c {}cidfebobyhu ~eygeb ygc `dbycwy dl ~d}j

~eyg lofehecp ygoy {}cpcbyci ld} ygc}o{u ~eyg {}dmhcfp ygoy goi mccb eicbyeleci eb `gehi}cb" E go|c

{}cpcbyci op{c`yp dl ygep ~d}j eb |o}edsp {smhepgci {o{c}p 'c"n" ^geyc ?579( ?573( ?57


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dl ygc {}dmhcf yd mc gch{lsh yd {c}pdbp eb ygce} py}snnhc ~eyg {}dmhcfp( obi go|c `db`hsici ygoy(

ofdbn dygc} ygebnp( ygep {}o`ye`c1

?" Ic }copcp sb{}dis`ye|c `dblhe`y mcy~ccb {c}pdbp( eb`hsiebn ygdpc iep{sycp d|c} ~gd ep

}cp{dbpemhc ld} ygc {}dmhcf:

=" Sbic}febcp ygc pcbpc dl loehs}c ygoy gop ic|chd{ci ld} fobu {c}pdbp eb }cp{dbpc yd ygc

`dbyebsebn cwepycb`c dl ygc {}dmhcf icp{eyc ygce} oyycf{yp yd }cpdh|c ey:

0" [o|cp ygc ~ou ld} {c}pdbp yd `d&d{c}oyc ~eyg co`g dygc}: yd sbeyc eb o py}snnhc onoebpy ygc{}dmhcf obi yd cp`o{c eyp eblhscb c eb ygce} he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p:

9" D{cbp s{ bc~ {dppemeheyecp ld} {c}pdbp yd yojc o`yedb yd }cy}ec|c ygce} he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p

l}df ygc {}dmhcf obi eyp eblhscb`c:

3" L}ccp {c}pdbp yd yojc o hengyc}( fd}c cllc`ye|c obi hcpp py}cppci o{{}do`g yd icoihu pc}edsp

{}dmhcfp: obi


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}choyedbpge{p dl {c}pdbp c|dh|c op ygcu he|c yg}dsng d} {c}ld}f ygcpc pyd}ecp"

Yg}dsng ygc hcbp dl ygc ycwy obohdnu( |o}edsp oppsf{yedbp òb mc foic omdsy {c}pdbp cw{c}ecb`c

dl {}dmhcfp" Gc}c E ~ehh fojc ygc ncbc}oh oppsf{yedb ygoy {c}pdbp cw{c}ecb`c {}dmhcfp( ld} ~ge`g

ygcu l}cscbyhu pccj ygc}o{u( ~gcb ygc bo}}oye|cp eb ~ge`g ygcu o}c pyd}uebn ygce} cw{c}ecb`c obi$d} eb

~ge`g ygcu o}c go|ebn ygce} cw{c}ecb`c pyd}eci mu dygc}p1

o%id bdy pslleècbyhu }c{}cpcby ygce} he|ci cw{c}ecb`c( obi ygoy( eb ygcpc è}`sfpyob`cp(

m%ygc}c ~ehh mc penbeleòby obi |eyoh op{c yp dl ygce} he|ci cw{c}ecb`c ygoy `dby}oie`y ygcpc idfebobybo}}oye|cp"

Ygc cwyc}boheqebn dl ygc {}dmhcf cbomhcp {c}pdbp yd pc{o}oyc l}df ygc idfeboby pyd}ecp ygoy go|c

mccb pgo{ebn dl ygce} he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p" Op {}c|edsphu fcbyedbci( E go|c }clc}}ci yd ygcpc pyd}ecp

op {}dmhcf&poys}oyci icp`}e{yedbp" Eb pc{o}oyebn l}df ygcpc pyd}ecp( {c}pdbp o}c omhc yd eicbyelu

{}c|edsphu bcnhc yci msy |eyoh op{c`yp dl he|ci cw{c}ecb c" Ygc {}cpcb`c dl ygcpc bcnhc yci op{c`yp dl

he|ci cw{c}ecb`c `dshi bdy go|c mccb {}cie`yci l}df o }coiebn dl ygc idfeboby pyd}u" Ygsp( ldhhd~ebn

Ndllfob '?5


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{c}pdbp yd fo{ ygc eblhscb c dl ygc {}dmhcf eb ygce} he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p" Ygc pc`dbi pcy

cb`ds}oncp {c}pdbp yd fo{ ygce} d~b eblhscb`c eb ygc helc dl ygc {}dmhcf"

Mu eb|eyebn {c}pdbp yd }c|ec~ ygc cllc`yp dl ygc {}dmhcf eb ygce} he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p( }choye|c

eblhscb`c scpyedbp oppepy {c}pdbp yd mc`dfc o~o}c dl obi yd icp`}emc ygce} }choyedbpge{ ~eyg ygc

{}dmhcf" Ygep yojcp {c}pdbp dsy dl o lewci obi pyoye` ~d}hi( o ~d}hi dl {}dmhcfp ygoy o}c eby}ebpe` yd

{c}pdbp obi }choyedbpge{p( obi ebyd o ~d}hi dl cw{c}ecb`c( o ~d}hi dl lhsw" Eb ygep ~d}hi( {c}pdbp lebi

bc~ {dppemeheyecp ld} olle}foye|c o`yedb: bc~ d{{d}ysbeyecp yd o`y lhcwemhu"

Fo{{ebn ygc Eblhscb`c dl ygc [}dmhcf

_scpyedbp o}c eby}dis`ci ygoy cb`ds}onc {c}pdbp yd fo{ ygc eblhscb`c dl ygc {}dmhcf eb ygce} he|cp

obi }choyedbpge{p" Ygcpc scpyedbp oppepy {c}pdbp yd eicbyelu ygc {}dmhcfp p{gc}c dl eblhscb`c( obi

ygep òb eb`hsic eb ygc mcgo|eds}oh( cfdyedboh( {gupeòh( ebyc}o`yedboh obi oyyeysieboh idfoebp"

Ygep eicbyelecp ygc {}dmhcf&poys}oyci icp`}e{yedb dl lofehu helc( ~ge`g ep o fs`g m}doic}

icp`}e{yedb ygob ygc icp`}e{yedb ygoy ep spsohhu dllc}ci dl {}dmhcf eypchl." ]oygc} ygob }cpy}e`y ygc

eb|cpyenoyedb dl ygc cllc`yp dl ygc {}dmhcf yd ygc }choyedbpge{ mcy~ccb ygc {}dmhcf obi ygc {c}pdb

op`}emci ygc {}dmhcf( ygcpc scpyedbp eicbyelu ygc cllc`y dl ygc {}dmhcf o`}dpp |o}edsp ebyc}lo`cp:

mcy~ccb ygc {}dmhcf obi |o}edsp {c}pdbp( obi mcy~ccb ygc {}dmhcf obi |o}edsp }choyedbpge{p"

Ygep d{cbp s{ o |c}u m}doi lechi ld} ygc hoyc} pco}`g ld} sbesc dsy`dfcp( obi ld} ygc {dppemeheyecpld} olle}foye|c o`yedb" Olle}foye|c o`yedb fengy mc yojcb o`}dpp obu dl ygcpc ebyc}lo`cp" Ygep {}cpcbyp

{dppemeheyecp ld} ohh dl ygdpc oppdèoyci ~eyg ygc {}dmhcf yd cw{c}ecb`c o bc~ pcbpc dl {c}pdboh

oncbù"

Eb {}d|eiebn ob cwof{hc dl ygc {}o`ye`c dl fo{{ebn ygc eblhscb`c dl ygc {}dmhcf( E go|c pchc`yci

cb`d{}cpep" E mchec|c ygoy ygep ep o{{}d{}eoyc( op fobu dl ygc {}o`ye`cp ygoy E icp`}emc eb ygep {o{c} ~c}c

d}eneboyci eb fu ~d}j ~eyg lofehecp ~gc}c `gehi}cb goi gepyd}ecp dl {c}pepycby obi sb}cfeyyebn pdehebn"

Be`j( onci pew uco}p( ~op m}dsngy yd pcc fc mu gep {o}cbyp( Psc obi ]db" ZYd {}cpc}|c

`dbleicbyeoheyu( ohh bofcp ygoy o{{co} eb ygep {o{c} o}c le`yeyedsp"V Be`j goi o |c}u hdbn gepyd}u dl

cb`d{}cpep ygoy goi }cpepyci ohh oyycf{yp yd }cpdh|c ey( eb`hsiebn ygdpc ebpyeysyci mu |o}edsp ygc}o{epyp"

]o}chu iei o iou nd mu ~eygdsy ob o`èicby d} ebèicby ( ~ge`g spsohhu fcoby ygc lshh ~d}jpeb gep sbic}~co}"

Yd fojc foyyc}p ~d}pc( Be`j goi mcl}ecbici ygc {dd" Ygc {dd goi mc`dfc gep {houfoyc" Gc

~dshi py}coj ey id~b ~ohhp( pfco} ey eb i}o~c}p( }dhh ey ebyd mohhp obi lhe`j ey mcgebi `s{mdo}ip obi

~o}i&}dmcp( obi goi c|cb yojcb yd {hopyc}ebn ey sbic} ygc jey`gcb yomhc" Eb oiieyedb( ey ~op bdy

sb`dffdb ld} ]db obi Psc yd lebi pdehci `hdygcp ygoy goi mccb geiicb eb iellc}cby hdòyedbp o}dsbi

ygc gdspc( obi yd iep`d|c} {dd {spgci ebyd |o}edsp `dfc}p obi pqsccci ebyd ygc pgd~c} obi pebj

i}oebp" Ygc {dd goi c|cb ic|chd{ci ygc gomey dl o``df{obuebn Be`j eb ygc moyg"

Eb }cp{dbpc yd fu qscpyedbp omdsy ygc eblhscb`c dl ygc {dd eb ygc he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p dl lofehu

fcfmc}p( ~c iep`d|c}ci ygoy1

?" Ygc {dd ~op fojebn o fcpp dl Be`jp helc mu epdhoyebn gef l}df dygc} `gehi}cb obi muebyc}lc}ebn ~eyg gep p`gddh ~d}j" Mu `doyebn gep helc( ygc {dd ~op yojebn ygc pgebc dll gep lsys}c

obi ~op fojebn ey ef{dppemhc ld} gef obi ld} dygc}p yd pcc ~goy gc ~op }cohhu hejc op o

{c}pdb" Ld} cwof{hc( ygep `doyebn dl {dd ishhci ygc {e`ys}c dl gef op o {c}pdb( fojebn ey

ielle`shy ld} dygc} {cd{hc yd pcc ~goy ob ebyc}cpyebn obi ebychhencby {c}pdb gc ~op"

=" Ygc {dd ~op i}e|ebn Psc ebyd fepc}u( ld}èbn gc} yd qscpyedb gc} ò{oèyu yd mc o nddi {o}cby

obi gc} ncbc}oh ò{omeheyu op o {c}pdb" Ey ~op d|c}~gchfebn gc} yd ygc cwycby ygoy pgc lchy

qseyc icp{c}oyc obi db ygc |c}nc dl ne|ebn s{" Pgc mchec|ci gc} lsys}c op o {o}cby yd mc

`hdsici ~eyg icp{oe}"

0" Ygc dbndebn eby}obpencb`c dl ygc {dd ~op icc{hu cfmo}}oppebn yd ]db" Ygep cfmo}}oppfcby

goi ygc cllc`y dl epdhoyebn gef l}df l}ecbip obi }choye|cp" Ey ~opby ygc pd}y dl {}dmhcf ygoy gc`dshi lcch `dfld}yomhc yohjebn yd ~d}jfoycp omdsy" Ohpd( ygc lofehu he|ci eb o }choye|chu

iepyoby obi pfohh lo}febn `dffsbeyu( obi |epeyoyedb dl l}ecbip obi }choye|cp spsohhu }cqse}ci

ygoy ygcu pyou d|c}bengy" Ygcpc d|c}bengy pyoup goi mc`dfc o y}oieyedb" Op Be`jp o`èicbyp


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obi ebèicbyp ~c}c pd hejchu yd lcoys}c eb obu ps`g pyou( ]db lchy `dbpy}oebci eb ygc {s}psey

dl ygep y}oieyedb" ]db goi oh~oup }cno}ici gefpchl op ob d{cb {c}pdb( obi ey ~op ielle`shy ld}

gef yd pgo}c gep ygdsngyp obi lcchebnp ~eyg dygc}p obi oy ygc pofc yefc jcc{ ygc yc}}emhc

pc`}cy"

9" Ygc {dd ~op ollc`yebn ohh ygc }choyedbpge{p eb ygc lofehu eb |o}edsp ~oup" Ld} cwof{hc( ey ~op

~cinci mcy~ccb Be`j obi gep {o}cbyp" Ygc }choyedbpge{ mcy~ccb gef obi Psc goi mc`dfc

pdfc~goy py}cppci( obi fs`g dl ygc lsb goi mccb i}e|cb dsy dl ey" Obi ygc }choyedbpge{

mcy~ccb Be`j obi ]db goi psllc}ci `dbpeic}omhu sbic} ygc }cenb dl yu}obbu {c}{cy}oyci muygc {dd" Ohpd( peb`c ygce} l}spy}oyedbp ~eyg Be`jp {}dmhcfp oh~oup yddj `cby}c pyonc eb ygce}

iep`sppedbp( ygc {dd goi mccb genghu eblhscbyeoh eb ygc }choyedbpge{ mcy~ccb Psc obi ]db(

fojebn ey ielle`shy ld} ygcf yd ld`sp ygce} oyycbyedb db co`g dygc}"

Fo{{ebn ygc Eblhscb`c dl [c}pdbp

Db`c o icp`}e{yedb dl ygc {}dmhcfp p{gc}c dl eblhscb`c gop mccb ic}e|ci mu ygc fo{{ebn dl eyp

cllc`yp eb {c}pdbp he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p( o pc`dbi pcy dl scpyedbp òb mc eby}dis`ci" Ygep pcy

lcoys}cp ygdpc scpyedbp ygoy eb|eyc {c}pdbp yd fo{ ygce} eblhscb`c( obi ygc eblhscb`c dl ygce}

}choyedbpge{p( eb ygc helc dl ygc {}dmhcf" Ygcpc scpyedbp m}ebn ld}yg ebld}foyedb ygoy `dby}oie`yp ygc

{}dmhcf&poys}oyci icp`}e{yedb dl lofehu helc( obi oppepyp {c}pdbp yd eicbyelu ygce} `df{cycb`c obi

}cpds}`clshbcpp eb ygc lo`c dl oi|c}peyu"

D}iebo}ehu( ey ep |c}u ielle`shy ld} {c}pdbp yd hdòyc cwof{hcp dl ygce} d~b eblhscb`c eb ygc helc dl

ygc {}dmhcf" Ygep ep {o}ye`sho}hu ygc òpc ~gcb ygcu go|c psllc}ci sbic} hdbnpyobiebn obi o{{o}cbyhu

eby}o`yemhc {}dmhcfp ygoy ygcu go|c cw{c}ecb`ci op c`he{pebn dl ygce} he|cp obi dl ygce} }choyedbpge{p"

Gd~c|c}( mu ygep pyonc ygc eicbyeleòyedb dl ygc eblhscb`c dl ygc {}dmhcf gop pcy ygc p`cbc ld} ygc

eicbyeleòyedb dl ygc eblhscb`c dl {c}pdbp" Eb cwyc}boheqebn ygc {}dmhcf( ygc le}py pcy dl scpyedbp go|c

oppepyci {c}pdbp yd pc{o}oyc l}df ygc {}dmhcf( obi yd }c|ec~ ygce} }choyedbpge{ ~eyg ygc {}dmhcf"

Ygsp( {c}pdbp o}c hcpp y}obplewci mu ygc {}dmhcf obi hcpp `dbpy}oebci eb ygce} {c}`c{yedb dl c|cbyp

ps}}dsbiebn ygc {}dmhcf" Ygep loèheyoycp ygc iep`d|c}u dl sbesc dsy`dfcp"

Obi op {}c|edsphu fcbyedbci( ygc fo{{ebn dl ygc cllc`yp dl ygc {}dmhcf o`}dpp |o}edsp ebyc}lo`cp &

mcy~ccb ygc {}dmhcf obi |o}edsp {c}pdbp( obi mcy~ccb ygc {}dmhcf obi |o}edsp }choyedbpge{p & d{cbp

s{ o |c}u m}doi lechi ld} ygc pco}`g ld} obi eicbyeleòyedb dl sbesc dsy`dfcp" Ygsp( eb ygc fo{{ebn dl

ygce} eblhscb`c eb ygc helc dl ygc {}dmhcf( {c}pdbp o}c bdy }cpy}e`yci yd ygc bo}}d~ ld`sp dl ygc

}choyedbpge{ mcy~ccb ygc {}dmhcf obi ygc {c}pdb( d} ygc }choyedbpge{( eb ~ge`g ygc {}dmhcf ~op

`dbpeic}ci yd }cpeic"

Ld} bc~ ebld}foyedb omdsy {}c|edsphu bcnhc`yci lo`yp yd cllc`ye|chu `dby}oie`y ygc {}dmhcf&

poys}oyci icp`}e{yedb dl helc( ey fspy mc `dbpeic}ci penbeleòby yd ygc {c}pdbp `db`c}bci" Dbhu el ey ep

penbeleòby ~ehh ey `dbpyeysyc o sbesc dsy`dfc ld} ps`g {c}pdbp" Ygc {}ed} fo{{ebn dl ygc cwycby dl ygc

{}dmhcfp eblhscb`c loèheyoycp ygc oyy}emsyedb dl ps`g penbeleòb`c" Obu bc~ {ec`c dl ebld}foyedb

omdsy ygc eblhscb`c dl {c}pdbp ep yg}d~b ebyd pgo}{ }checl onoebpy ygep fo{" Ld} cwof{hc( ey ~op dbhu

olyc} fo{{ebn ygc eblhscb`c dl obd}cweo bc}|dpo eb gc} helc obi s{db gc} }choyedbpge{p ygoy o udsbn~dfob ~op omhc yd o{{}cèoyc ygc {}dldsbi penbeleòb`c eb ygc lo`y ygoy pgc goi bdy ohhd~ci ygc

{}dmhcf yd epdhoyc gc} l}df l}ecbip"

^gcb fo{{ebn ygc eblhscb`c dl lofehu fcfmc}p eb ygc helc dl ~goy ~c òfc yd òhh Pbcoju [dd(

~c iep`d|c}ci ygoy1

?" Ohygdsng Pbcoju [dd oh~oup y}eci yd y}e`j Be`j ebyd mcebn gep {houfoyc( Be`j `dshi }còhh o

bsfmc} dl d`òpedbp is}ebn ~ge`g gc goi bdy ohhd~ci Pbcoju [dd yd dsypfo}y gef" Ygcpc

~c}c d`òpedbp is}ebn ~ge`g Be`j `dshi go|c `d&d{c}oyci mu pfco}ebn( py}cojebn d}

{hopyc}ebn( msy ~gcb gc ic`hebci yd id pd" Gc goi bdy ohhd~ci gefpchl yd mc y}e`jci ebyd

ygep"

=" Ygc}c ~op o }c`cby d`òpedb is}ebn .~ge`g Pbcoju [dd `dshi go|c i}e|cb Psc ebyd o

gcengycbci pyoyc dl fepc}u( msy pgc }cpepyci obi ys}bci db ygc pyc}cd ebpycoi" Ohpd db ygep

d`òpedb( pgc }clspci yd qscpyedb gc} `df{cycf`c op o {o}cby obi o {c}pdb"


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0" ]db `dshi bdy }còhh ob d`òpedb is}ebn ~ge`g gc goi bdy ohhd~ci ygc cfmo}}oppfcby òspci

mu Pbcoju [dd yd epdhoyc gef l}df dygc}p" Gd~c|c}( olyc} Pbcoju [ddp }cqse}cfcbyp dl gef

~c}c eicbyeleci( gc iei pccf ebyc}cpyci eb ygc eico dl icluebn ygcpc }cqse}cfcbyp" Eb }cp{dbpc

yd fu `s}edpeyu omdsy gd~ gc fengy {}dycpy onoebpy Pbcoju [ddp }cqse}cfcbyp dl gef( gc poei

ygoy gc fengy y}u iep`hdpebn ygc yc}}emhc pc`}cy yd o ~d}jfoyc" ZYgep ebycbyedb ep o sbesc

dsy`dfc eb ygoy ey `dshi bdy go|c mccb {}cie`yci mu o }coiebn dl ygc {}dmhcf& poys}oyci pyd}u

dl lofehu helc"V

9" Pdfc ielle`shyu ~op cw{c}ecb`ci eb ygc eicbyeleòyedb dl ygc eblhscb`c dl lofehu }choyedbpge{p ebygc helc dl Pbcoju [dd" Gd~c|c}( olyc} pdfc iep`sppedb( ey ~op cpyomhepgci ygoy ygc}c ~op ob

op{c`y yd Pscp }choyedbpge{ ~eyg Be`j ygoy pgc ygdsngy pgc `dshi pyehh cbadu( ygoy ]db ~op pyehh

fojebn pdfc oyycf{yp yd {c}pc|c}c eb gep }choyedbpge{ ~eyg Be`j( obi ygoy Be`j goi ob eico

ygoy Pbcoju [dd goi bdy icpy}duci ohh dl ygc hd|c eb gep }choyedbpge{ ~eyg gep {o}cbyp"

Olyc} eicbyeluebn Be`jp( Pscp( obi ]dbp eblhscb c eb ygc helc dl Pbcoju [dd( E eby}dis`ci

qscpyedbp ygoy cb`ds}onci ygcf yd {c}ld}f fcobebn eb }choyedb yd ygcpc cwof{hcp( pd ygoy ygcu fengy

}c&osygd} ygce} he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p"

Gd~ goi ygcu fobonci yd mc cllc`ye|c onoebpy ygc {}dmhcf eb ygep ~ou4 Gd~ iei ygep }clhc`y db

ygcf op {cd{hc obi db ygce} }choyedbpge{p4 ^goy {c}pdboh obi }choyedbpge{ oyy}emsycp ~c}c ygcu

}chuebn db eb fojebn ygcpc o`gec|cfcbyp4 Iei ygep ps``cpp ne|c ygcf obu eicop omdsy ls}ygc} pyc{pygoy ygcu fengy yojc yd }c`hoef ygce} he|cp l}df ygc {}dmhcf4 ^goy iellc}cb`c ~dshi jbd~ebn ~goy

ygcu bd~ jbc~ omdsy ygcfpch|cp fojc yd ygce} lsys}c }choyedbpge{ ~eyg ygc {}dmhcf4

Eb }cp{dbpc yd ygcpc qscpyedbp( Be`j ygdsngy ygoy gc ~op }coiu yd pyd{ Pbcoju [dd l}df

dsypfo}yebn gef pd fs`g( obi icèici ygoy gc ~dshi bdy mc y}e`jci ebyd mcebn eyp {houfoyc obu fd}c"

Psc goi pdfc bc~ eicop ld} }clspebn yd hcy Pbcoju [dd {spg gc} ebyd fepc}u( obi ]db ygdsngy ygoy gc

aspy fengy mc }coiu yd yojc o }epj obi ldhhd~ s{ ~eyg gep eico dl ychhebn o ~d}jfoyc dl gep py}snnhc

~eyg Pbcoju [dd"

E fcy ~eyg ygep lofehu onoeb y~d ~ccjp hoyc}" Eb ygoy yefc Be`j goi goi dbhu dbc febd} o`èicby &

ygep icp`}emci op hengy pfsinebn" Pbcoju [dd goi y}eci yd ~eb gef mo`j olyc} bebc ioup( msy Be`j

goi bdy ne|cb eb" Gc goi yosngy Pbcoju [dd o hcppdb & gc ~dshi bdy hcy ey fcpp s{ gep helc obu fd}c"Gc icp`}emci gd~ gc goi }clspci yd mc y}e`jci ebyd {houebn ~eyg Pbcoju [dd obi mchec|ci ygoy gep helc

~op bd hdbnc} `doyci ~eyg ey( obi ygoy gc ~op bd~ pgebebn yg}dsng" Gc ~op yohjoye|c( go{{ec}( lchy

py}dbnc} obi ~op fd}c {gupeòhhu o ye|c" Pbcoju [dd goi mccb o y}e`ju `go}o`yc} obi Be`j goi idbc

|c}u ~chh yd ncy gep helc mo`j yd go|c ld} gefpchl"

Psc obi ]db goi ohpd ndy pc}edsp eb ygce} icèpedb bdy yd `d&d{c}oyc ~eyg ygc }cqse}cfcbyp dl

Pbcoju [dd" Psc goi pyo}yci yd y}coy gc}pchl fd}c dlycb( {o}ye`sho}hu db ygdpc d`òpedbp is}ebn

~ge`g Pbcoju [dd ~op ne|ebn gc} o go}i yefc( obi goi {sy gc} lddy id~b( pgd~ebn ygoy ey `dshiby

yojc gc} pd hengyhu obu fd}c"

]db goi yojcb o }epj obi goi {}dycpyci Pbcoju [ddp epdhoyedb dl gef" Gc goi yohjci yd o `ds{hc

dl gep ~d}jfoycp omdsy ygc {}dmhcf" Ygcu goi hepycbci }cp{c`ylshhu( dllc}ebn o lc~ `dffcbyp" Ob gds}hoyc}( dbc dl ygcf goi }cys}bci obi goi iep`hdpci ygoy gc goi mccb cw{c}ecbèbn o pefeho} {}dmhcf

~eyg o pdb" Ygc}c cbps}ci o |c}u penbeleòby `db|c}poyedb obi o py}cbnygcbebn mdbi dl l}ecbipge{"

Obi ~eygdsy ygoy `doyebn db Be`jp helc( ]db goi iep`d|c}ci ygoy Be`j ~op nddi yd yohj yd"

E cb`ds}onci ygc lofehu yd }clhc`y db obi yd p{c`shoyc omdsy ~goy ygep ps``cpp poei omdsy ygc

qsoheyecp ygoy ygcu {dppcppci op {cd{hc obi omdsy ygc oyy}emsycp dl ygce} }choyedbpge{p" E ohpd

cb`ds}onci ygcf yd }c|ec~ ~goy ygcpc lo`yp psnncpyci omdsy ygce} `s}}cby }choyedbpge{ ~eyg Pbcoju

[dd" Eb ygep iep`sppedb( lofehu fcfmc}p eicbyeleci ls}ygc} fcops}cp ygoy ygcu `dshi yojc yd ic`hebc

Pbcoju [ddp eb|eyoyedbp yd ygcf yd ps{{d}y ey"

^c fcy db o yge}i d`òpedb yg}cc ~ccjp hoyc}( obi E iep`d|c}ci ygoy ohh goi {}d`ccici yd yojc

ls}ygc} pyc{p yd dsy}sb Pbcoju [dd( pyc{p yd cbps}c ygoy ey ~dshi mc {sy eb eyp {}d{c} {ho`c" Be`j goifoic pdfc bc~ l}ecbip obi goi mccb òy`gebn s{ db gep p`gddh ~d}j( obi ygc lofehu goi |epeyci

d|c}bengy ~eyg pc|c}oh l}ecbip obi }choye|cp" Psc ~op fojebn nddi gc} cpò{c l}df nsehy" Ygep goi

mccb loèheyoyci( yd ob cwycby( mu ygc lo`y ygoy pgc obi ]db goi mccb yohjebn fd}c yd dygc} {o}cbyp


7/21

omdsy ygc y}eohp obi y}emshoyedbp dl {o}cbyebn" Eb pd idebn ygcu goi hco}bci ygoy ygcu ~c}c bdy ygc dbhu

{o}cbyp ~gd goi idsmyp omdsy ygce} {o}cbyebn pjehhp"

^c ygcb iei pdfc `dbyebncbù {hobbebn( aspy eb òpc Pbcoju [dd y}eci yd fojc o `dfcmo`j obi yd

dsypy}coj Be`j onoeb" E po~ ygep lofehu onoeb dbc fdbyg hoyc} ld} o }c|ec~" Oy ygc pew fdbyg ldhhd~&

s{( Be`j ~op idebn |c}u ~chh" Dbhu db dbc d} y~d d`òpedbp goi ygc}c mccb o phengy pfsinebn db gep

{obyp" Gc ~op fd}c `dbleicby obi idebn c|cb mcyyc} ~eyg l}ecbip obi oy p`gddh" C|c}udbc lchy go{{u

~eyg gep {}dn}cpp"

ICLEBEBN YGC []DMHCF YD MC CWYC]BOHEQCI

Eb ygc {}o`ye`cp oppdèoyci ~eyg cwyc}boheqebn ygc {}dmhcf( ò}c ep yojcb yd cbps}c ygoy ygc {c}pdbp

icp`}e{yedb dl ey obi dl eyp cllc`yp eb ygce} he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p o}c {}e|ehcnci" Olyc} ygc {}dmhcf gop

mccb icp`}emci( ygc cwyc}boheqebn dl ey {}d`ccip boys}ohhu l}df ygc fo{{ebn dl eyp cllc`yp eb {c}pdbp

he|cp obi eb ygce} }choyedbpge{p" Ygep cwyc}boheqebn dl ygc {}dmhcf ep ls}ygc} }cebld}`ci mu ygc fo{{ebn

dl ygc eblhscb`c dl {c}pdbp eb ygc helc dl ygc {}dmhcf"

Dlycb( {c}pdbp dllc} `dffdb obi ncbc}oh iclebeyedbp dl ygc {}dmhcfp ygoy o}c dl `db`c}b yd ygcf"

Gd~c|c}( ygc icyoehp dl ygc cllc`yp dl( d} ygc {c}pdbp cw{c}ecb`c dl( ygcpc {}dmhcfp o}c oh~oup sbesc"

Ygsp( o{o}y l}df eb |c}u ncbc}oh yc}fp( ey ep bdy {dppemhc yd {}cie`y ygc cllc`yp dl ygc {}dmhcf eb

oi|ob`c dl fccyebn ~eyg ygc {c}pdbp `db`c}bci"

Ygc iclebeyedbp dl {}dmhcfp ygoy {c}pdbp dllc} òb mc seyc p{cèle` obi mcgo|eds}oh 'c"n" Gc

yoby}sfp ~gcb """%( obi ygcu òb mc seyc ncbc}oh 'c"n" ^c go|c o `dffsbeòyedb {}dmhcf%" Obi oy

dygc} yefcp( {c}pdbp òb go|c ielle`shyu eb p{cèluebn o iclebeyedb dl ygc {}dmhcf ygoy ep o{{}d{}eoyc yd

ygce} cw{c}ecb`c dl ey" Db ygcpc d`òpedbp( ey òb mc gch{lsh ld} ygc}o{epyp yd psnncpy pc|c}oh òbieioyc

iclebeyedbp dl ygc {}dmhcf( obi ygcb yd `gc`j ~eyg ygc {c}pdb op yd ~gcygc} obu dl ygcpc iclebeyedbp

}copdbomhu cbò{pshoyc ygc cw{c}ecb`c ygoy ep dl `db`c}b yd ygcf"

Op ~eyg obu o{{}do`g yd ~d}jebn ~eyg {c}pdbp ~gd pccj ygc}o{u( ey ep ef{d}yoby ygoy ygc}o{epyp id

bdy fojc ncbc}oheqoyedbp omdsy peysoyedbp( msy jcc{ eb febi ygc p{cèle`p dl c|c}u è}`sfpyob`c obi

ygebj ogcoi yd ygc hejchu `dbpcscb`cp dl {o}ye`sho} `ds}pcp dl o`yedb" Ygep o}nscp ld} o `c}yoeb hc|ch

dl `dbpèdspbcpp db ygc ygc}o{epyp mcgohl( obi( hcpy ygc ygc}o{epy eboi|c}ycbyhu `dby}emsyc yd {c}pdbp.

cw{c}ecb`cp dl d{{}cppedb( ygep `dbpèdspbcpp }cse}cp ob o{{}cèoyedb dl hdòh {dheye`p: ygoy ep( {dheye`p

oy ygc hc|ch dl }choyedbpge{p"

Ygep `dbpèdspbcpp iep`ds}oncp ygc}o{epyp l}df eb|eyebn ygc cwyc}boheqebn dl {}dmhcfp hejc |edhcb`c

obi pcwsoh omspc" ^gcb ygcpc {}dmhcfp o}c eicbyeleci( ygc ygc}o{epy ~dshi mc fd}c eb`hebci yd

cb`ds}onc ygc cwyc}boheqebn dl ygc oyyeysicp obi mcheclp ygoy o{{co} yd `df{chh ygc |edhcb`c( obi ygdpc

py}oycnecp ygoy foebyoeb {c}pdbp eb ygce} psmasnoyedb: ld} cwof{hc( ygc cbld}`cfcby dl pc`}cù obi

epdhoyedb"

Ohygdsng ygc cwyc}boh iclebeyedb dl ygc {}dmhcf òb }cfoeb lewci o`}dpp ygc `ds}pc dl ygc}o{u( ey ep

dlycb fd}c lhsei obi c|dh|cp yg}dsng yefc" Ygep ep {o}ye`sho}hu ygc òpc ~gcb {c}pdbp go|c mccb

sbic}ndebn pdfc py}snnhc yd eicbyelu yc}fp dl icp`}e{yedb ygoy oicsoychu }c{}cpcby ygce} cw{c}ecb`c

dl ygc {}dmhcf"

Ygc c|dhsyedb dl {}dmhcf iclebeyedbp òb mc `dbpeic}omhu lo eheyoyci mu }choye|c eblhscb`c

scpyedbebn" Ygc ldhhd~ebn iep`sppedb {}d|eicp dbc cwof{hc dl gd~ ygep {}d`cpp dl scpyedbebn

`dby}emsycp yd ygc c|dhsyedb dl ygc cwyc}boh iclebeyedb dl ygc {}dmhcf"

Fo}ad}ec( o pdhc {o}cby ~eyg y~d `gehi}cb( onci ycb obi chc|cb uco}p( pdsngy ygc}o{u ld} ~goy pgc

icp`}emci op yoby}sfp eb ygc lofehu" ^gcb opjci yd `ho}elu ygep( pgc pyoyci ygoy pgc ygdsngy ygoy

c|c}udbc( eb`hsiebn gc}pchl( yddj ygce} l}spy}oyedbp dsy eb ygc ld}f dl yoby}sfp"

^gcb opjci omdsy ~goy pgc {c}`ce|ci yd mc ygc cllc`yp dl ygcpc yoby}sfp db gc} helc( Fo}ad}ec poei

ygoy ygcu cb`ds}onci gc} yd o|dei `dblhe`y ~eyg ygc `gehi}cb" ^gcb opjci omdsy ygc cllc`y dl o|deiebn

`dblhe`y eb gc} }choyedbpge{p ~eyg gc} `gehi}cb( pgc psiicbhu eicbyeleci ygc lo`y ygoy ygep ~op ld}èbngc} yd omieòyc gc} }engyp" Iei ygep fcob ygoy pgc dlycb lchy yojcb ld} n}obyci4 Ucph( Fo}ad}ec

cw`hoefci"

^gcb opjci ~goy Fo}ad}ec ygdsngy `dshi mc fojebn gc} |shbc}omhc yd ygc eb|eyoyedbp dl dygc}p yd


8/21

mc o yojcb&ld}&n}obyci {c}pdb( nsehy cfc}nci op o hejchu `sh{}ey" Ygc cllc`y dl nsehy eb gc} helc ~op

ygcb fd}c lshhu cw{hd}ci" Ygsp( nsehy ~op o bc~ cwyc}boh iclebeyedb dl ygc {}dmhcf ygoy py}s`j o `gd}i

ld} gc}( dbc ygoy cb`df{oppci |eyoh op{c`yp dl gc} he|ci cw{c}ecb`c"

Op{c`yp dl Fo}ad}ec.p eblhscb`c eb ygc helc dl nsehy ~c}c ygcb eicbyeleci" Fo}ad}ec ~op cb`ds}onci

yd {c}ld}f fcobebn eb }choyedb yd ygcpc sbeqsc dsy`dfcp obi pgc yddj pyc{p yd cwycbi gc} d~b

eblhscb`c mu {}dycpyebn ygc cllc`yp dl nsehy obi mu obbdsbèbn gc} }cpenboyedb l}df ey" Ld} ygc

`gehi}cb( ey ~op iep`d|c}ci ygoy ygep nsehy goi mccb ps``cpplsh( yd ob cwycby( eb eyp eb|eyoyedbp ld} ygcf

yd yojc Fo}ad}ec ld} n}obyci" Gd~c|c}( pc|c}oh d`òpedbp s{db ~ge`g ygc `gehi}cb goi ps``cpplshhuic`hebci ygcpc eb|eyoyedbp ~c}c eicbyeleci" Ygep lofehu qse`jhu }c{dppcppci ygce} he|cp obi

}choyedbpge{p"

L}df ygc P{cèle` yd ygc Ncbc}oh

Oy yefcp( ~gcb {c}pdbp dllc} o genghu p{cèle` iclebeyedb dl ygc {}dmhcf( ey òb mc gch{lsh yd

cb`ds}onc ygcf yd `dbpy}s`y o fd}c ncbc}oh cwyc}boh iclebeyedb dl ey" Ygep gop ygc cllc`y dl m}doicbebn

ygc lechi ld} ygc eicbyeleòyedb dl ygc eblhscb`c dl ygc {}dmhcf( obi ld} ygc hdòyedb dl sbesc

dsy`dfcp"

Ygc ldhhd~ebn iep`sppedb ep ehhspy}oye|c dl pdfc dl ygc mcbcleèoh dsy`dfcp ygoy o``df{obu ygc

`dbpy}s`yedb dl fd}c ncbc}oh cwyc}boh iclebeyedbp dl {}dmhcfp"

Ygc Pfeyg lofehu `dbpshyci fc d|c} ygce} pc|cb uco} dhi iosngyc}( Fo}u( ~gd goi o hdbnpyobiebn

phcc{ {}dmhcf " Ygc {o}cbyp( Aofcp obi ]o`gch( ~c}c lebiebn ygep {}dmhcf |c}u loyensebn" Ygcu goi

foic cwgospye|c oyycf{yp yd pdh|c ey ~eygdsy cw{c}ecbèbn o p`}o{ dl ps``cpp" Ygcpc oyycf{yp goi

eb`hsici `dbpshyebn mddjp( pdhe eyebn {}dlcppedboh oi|e`c obi oyycbiebn `ds}pcp db {o}cby

cllc`ye|cbcpp"

]o`gch obi Aofcp goi ldsbi ygoy ygc dbhu |eomhc ~ou dl icohebn ~eyg ygep peysoyedb ~op ld} dbc dl

ygcf yd pey ohdbnpeic Fo}u( obi yd }copps}c gc} mu gdhiebn gc} gobi sbyeh pgc ~cby yd phcc{" Ygep

dlycb yddj d|c} ob gds} obi o gohl( obi oy yefcp s{ yd y~d obi o gohl gds}p" ]o`gch obi Aofcp ~c}c

oy ygce} ~eyp cbi"

Op ]o`gch( Aofcp( obi Fo}u dshi bdy }còhh ob d`òpedb dl Fo}u ncyyebn dll yd phcc{ mu gc}pchl( eypccfci sbhejchu ygoy penbeleòby cwof{hcp dl ygce} eblhscb`c ~dshi mc o|oehomhc eb ygc }cpy}e`yci lechi

ygoy ~op {}d|eici mu ps`g o bo}}d~ obi p{cèle` iclebeyedb dl ygc {}dmhcf" Ygc}cld}c( E eby}dis`ci

qscpyedbp ygoy cb`ds}onci ygc p{cèleòyedb dl o fd}c ncbc}oh cwyc}boh {}dmhcf obi ygc eicbyeleòyedb

dl ygc m}doic} lechi dl ygc {}dmhcfp eblhscb`c"

Op ygc phcc{ {}dmhcf goi Fo}u ic{cbiebn db gc} {o}cbyp ld} }copps}ob`c( ~goy cllc`y iei Aofcp

obi ]o`gch ygebj ygep `dshi mc go|ebn db gc} helc fd}c ncbc}ohhu4 Olyc} pdfc iep`sppedb( ebpc`s}eyu

cfc}nci op o fd}c ncbc}oh cwyc}boh iclebeyedb dl ygc {}dmhcf" O{o}y l}df ygc phcc{ {}dmhcf( ~goy

dygc} cllc`yp ~op ebpc`s}eyu go|ebn eb Fo}up helc4 ]o`gch poei ygoy ebpc`s}eyu ~op `hco}hu fojebn ey

ielle`shy ld} Fo}u yd icoh ie}c`yhu ~eyg obu `dblhe`y ygoy pgc goi ~eyg gc} {cc}p" Sbic} è}`sfpyob`cp

dl ps`g `dblhe`y( pgc ~dshi spsohhu }sb yd ygc bco}cpy oishy( |epemhu iepy}cppci obi eb bcci dl

opps}ob`c" Ygep ycbici yd go{{cb fd}c l}cqscbyhu ~gcb Aofcp obi ]o`gch ~c}c {}cpcby" Eb fo{{ebn

ygc cllc`yp dl ygep ebpc`s}eyu eb Aofcp obi ]o`gchp he|cp obi eb ygce} }choyedbpge{p ~eyg Fo}u( ey

~op op`c}yoebci ygoy ey `df{chhci ygcf yd ebyc}|cbc eb ps`g iep{sycp db Fo}up mcgohl"

^gcb }c|ec~ebn ygc eblhscb c dl lofehu fcfmc}p eb }choyedb yd ebpc`s}eyu( E opjci el obudbc `dshi

}còhh ob d`òpedb is}ebn ~ge`g Fo}u `dshi go|c ohhd~ci ebpc`s}eyu {spg gc} ebyd ic{cbiebn db gc}

{o}cbyp ld} }copps}ob`c( msy ~gcb pgc }copps}ci gc}pchl ebpycoi" Effcieoychu ]o`gch ygdsngy dl o

}c`cby cwof{hc eb ~ge`g pgc goi bdye`ci Fo}u idebn pdfc dl gc} d~b {}dmhcf&pdh|ebn ~eyg o {cc}

ebpycoi dl }sbbebn yd gc} fdygc} yd id ygep ld} gc}"

ZOhygdsng ob cwof{hc dl Fo}up eblhscb c eb ygc helc dl ebpc`s}eyu ~op se`jhu eicbyeleci( ps`g ob

cwof{hc ~op bdy cppcbyeoh yd ygc {}dn}cpp dl ygc ygc}o{u" Ohyc}boye|chu( ob cwof{hc dl ygc {o}cbyp

eblhscb`c eb ygc helc dl ebpc`s}eyu `dshi go|c mccb eicbyeleci" ]c`cbyhu( ~gcb ~d}jebn ~eyg obdygc}

lofehu ~gc}c o `gehi goi o pefeho} {}dmhcf( c|eicb`c dl ygc `gehip eblhscb`c eb ygc helc dl ebpc`s}eyu

~op bdy effcieoychu o|oehomhc( msy c|eicb`c dl ygc {o}cbyp }clspoh yd `dd{c}oyc ~eyg ygc ie`yoycp dl

ebpc`s}eyu ~op" Db ygep d`òpedb( ygcu goi icfobici ygoy ygc `gehi }copps}c gc}pchl" Lofehu fcfmc}p


9/21

~c}c cbnonci eb o {c}ld}fob`c dl fcobebn eb }choyedb yd ygep sbesc dsy`dfc( obi( mcld}c ygc cbi dl

ygc pcppedb ygc `gehi pccfci go{{u ygoy( db ygep d`òpedb( gc} {o}cbyp goi le}fhu yojcb gc} peic onoebpy

ebpc`s}eyu"V

Ygep d{cbci ygc idd} ld} ygc eby}dis`yedb dl qscpyedbp ygoy cb`ds}onc ygc {c}ld}fob`c dl bc~

fcobebnp" Goi Fo}u bdye`ci ygep ydd4 Bd pgc goiby" Gd~ iei pgc ygebj pgc fengy go|c idbc ygep4

^goy goi pgc idbc yd ncy gc}pchl }coiu yd fojc ps`g o m}cojyg}dsng4 ^goy ~op ey hejc ld} gc} yd

iep`d|c} ygoy pgc goi mc`dfc o {}dmhcf& pdh|c}4 ^goy chpc iei ey pou omdsy gc} omeheyu4 E òb|oppci

ygc {o}cbyp d{ebedbp db ygcpc qscpyedbp op ~chh( obi ygc }cp{dbpcp m}dsngy ld}yg o bc~ icp`}e{yedb dlFo}up `df{cycb`c obi dl gc} omeheyu yd }copps}c gc}pchl"

Fo}u ~op iclebeyc eb gc} {}clc}cb c ld} ygep bc~ {e`ys}c dl gc}pchl op o {c}pdb d|c} ygc dhi

{e`ys}c" ^goy iei gc} oyy}o`yedb yd ygep bc~ {e`ys}c pou omdsy Fo}up }coiebcpp ld} dygc} pyc{p yd

yojc gc} helc o~ou l}df ebpc`s}eyu4 Obi gd~ ~dshi ygep bc~ jbd~hcinc dl Fo}up ò{oèyu yd cpò{c

ebpc`s}eyu obi }copps}c gc}pchl oppepy ]o`gch obi Aofcp yd iclu ygc cllc`yp dl ebpc`s}eyu eb ygce}

}choyedbpge{ ~eyg gc}4 Eb }cp{dbpc yd ygcpc qscpyedbp( |o}edsp {dppemeheyecp ~c}c iep`sppci( obi d|c}

ygc bcwy pew ~ccjp( Fo}u ic|chd{ci gc} ò{oèyu yd }copps}c gc}pchl yd ygc cwycby ygoy pgc pyo}yci yd

ebpepy db ncyyebn gc}pchl dll yd phcc{"

L}df Cw{c}y yd [d{sho} Iclebeyedbp

Oy yefcp( {c}pdbp dllc} o iclebeyedb dl ygce} {}dmhcf eb yc}fp ygoy o}c ebld}fci mu cw{c}y

jbd~hcinc" Ygep ep pd ~gcb {c}pdbp go|c mccb cb`ds}onci yd spc pècbyele` `hoppeleòyedb yd

icp }emc ygce} `db`c}bp" Ygcpc }cy}obp }e{yedbp dl {}dmhcf iclebeyedbp pc}|c yd ic`dbycwysoheqc

{}dmhcfp( obi ygsp icy}o`y l}df ygc d{yedbp ygoy fengy mc o|oehomhc ld} {c}pdbp yd ebyc}|cbc eb ygc

helc dl {}dmhcfp" Ygcu id bdy {}d|eic iclebeyedbp ygoy cbomhc {c}pdbp yd }c|ec~ ygce} }choyedbpge{

~eyg ygc {}dmhcf( obi ygcu id bdy {}d|eic iclebeyedbp ygoy ohhd~ ld} sbesc dsy`dfcp yd mc eicbyeleci"

Ygsp( ygcpc }cy}ob& p`}e{ydbp l}cscbyhu iefebepg ygc {dppemeheyecp ld} {c}pdbp yd cw{c}ecb`c o pcbpc dl

{c}pdboh oncbù"

Ey ep dlycb ef{d}yoby yd cb`ds}onc {c}pdbp yd `dbpy}s`y ohyc}boye|c iclebeyedbp dl {}dmhcfp:

iclebeyedbp ygoy o}c fd}c }chc|oby yd ygce} cw{c}ecb`c: iclebeyedbp ygoy cbomhc {c}pdbp yd fd}c

oicsoychu oii}cpp ygce} effcieoyc `db`c}bp" Ygc ldhhd~ebn cwof{hc {}d|eicp ob o``dsby dl ygcic}e|oyedb dl ob cwyc}boh iclebeyedb dl ygc {}dmhcf ygoy ~op }chc|oby yd ygc cw{c}ecb`c dl lofehu

fcfmc}p `db`c}bci"

Aef ~op m}dsngy yd pcc fc mu gep ~d}}eci {o}cbyp" Pdfc pc|cb uco}p {}c|edsphu gc goi mccb

ieondpci p`ged{g}cbe`" F} obi F}p M}d~b ~c}c mc`dfebn eb`}copebnhu `db`c}bci omdsy ygc

cwycby dl Aefp ic{cbicb`c db ygcf" Gc ~op cbye}chu }c`hspe|c( obi icfdbpy}oyci heyyhc ebyc}cpy eb

fdieluebn gep ò}cc} eb helc" Eb }cp{dbpc yd gep {o}cbyp qscpyedbp omdsy ~gu gc ~opby idebn

pdfcygebn ~eyg gep helc( gc ~dshi gomeysohhu }cp{dbi ~eyg & Ey ep ygc p`ged{g}cbeo"

E opjci Aef el gc goi obu `db`c}bp omdsy gd~ ygebnp ~c}c ndebn eb gep helc( obi gc poei ygoy gc iei

bdy ygebj pd" ^gcb opjci ~goy gc sbic}pyddi omdsy ygc `dbieyedb dl gep helc( gc poei ygoy gc goi

p`ged{g}cbeo( obi ygoy ep ohh ygc}c ep yd ey"

E ygcb cb`ds}onci F}p obi F} M}d~b yd icp`}emc ygc cllc`y dl p`ged{g}cbeo eb ygc he|cp obi

}choyedbpge{p dl lofehu fcfmc}p" Eb }choyedb yd Aefp helc( ygcu mchec|ci ygoy ey ~op ne|ebn gef moi

gomeyp" E opjci ygcf yd icp`}emc ygcpc gomeyp( obi ygcb yd {}d|eic fc ~eyg pdfc cwof{hcp omdsy ygc

cllc`yp dl ygcpc" E psffo}eci ~eyg( pd( ygcpc gomeyp ygoy p`ged{g}cbeo ep `do`gebn eb Aefp helc o}c

ys}bebn gef ebyd o {oppcbnc} ~eyg ob ebie}c`y helc"

E ys}bci yd Aef( obi opjci el gc ygdsngy ygep ~op ygc òpc" Gc poei ygoy gc ieiby jbd~" Eb

}cp{dbpc( E opjci El ey ~op ygc òpc ygoy ygcpc gomeyp o}c ys}bebn uds ebyd o {oppcbnc} obi pyobiebn

eb ygc ~ou dl uds ie}c`yebn uds} d~b helc( ~dshi ygep mc dl `db`c}b yd uds4 Ucp( ey ~dshi( Aef

obp~c}ci" ^gu ~dshi ygep mc dl `db`c}b yd uds4 E cbqse}ci" Eb }cp{dbiebn yd ygep obi psmpcqscby

qscpyedbp( Aef mcnob yd eicbyelu obi o}ye`shoyc gep d~b `db`c}bp obi gep cw{c}ecb`c dl |o}edsp{}dmhcfp" Gc ohpd mcnob yd {c}ld}f ob o}nsfcby yd `gohhcbnc ygc ef{d|c}epgebn cllc`yp ygoy ygcpc

{}dmhcfp ~c}c go|ebn eb gep helc"


10/21

Loèheyoyebn o Fsysohhu O``c{yomhc Iclebeyedb dl ygc [}dmhcf

Oy yefcp ~gcb lofehecp d} `ds{hcp {}cpcby ld} ygc}o{u( {c}pdbp o}c eb `dbpeic}omhc iep{syc d|c} ygc

iclebeyedb dl ygc {}dmhcf" Ygcpc iep{sycp fojc ey ielle`shy ld} ygcf yd ~d}j `dd{c}oye|chu eb obu

oyycf{y yd `gohhcbnc ygc cllc yp dl {}dmhcfp eb ygce} he|cp obi eb ygce} }choyedbpge{p" Eb ygcpc

è}`sfpyob`cp( cwyc}boheqebn òb cpyomhepg o fsysohhu o``c{yomhc iclebeyedb dl ygc {}dmhcf( obi ygep

loèheyoycp `dbieyedbp sbic} ~ge`g {c}pdbp òb ~d}j cllc`ye|chu ydncygc} eb ygce} clld}yp yd }cpdh|c

ygce} {}dmhcfp" Chpc~gc}c( E go|c {}d|eici |o}edsp cwof{hcp dl ygep {dycbyeoh dl cwyc}boheqebn ygc

{}dmhcf yd o`gec|c ygep 'c"n" ^geyc ?579( ?57


11/21

ygoy Pbcoju [dd ~op i}e|ebn Psc ebyd fepc}u" Icyoehp omdsy ~goy fepc}u fcoby yd Psc ~c}c ygcb

che eyci" Hoyc}( ~gcb E eby}dis`ci scpyedbp ygoy cb`ds}onci lofehu fcfmc}p yd fo{ ygce} d~b

eblhscb`c( Psc ~op omhc yd eicbyelu ob d`òpedb eb ~ge`g Pbcoju [dd iei bdy go|c seyc ygcpc cllc`yp

db gc}" Ygc icyoehp dl ygc cllc`yp dl ygc {}dmhcf oppepy ygc ygc}o{epy yd mc seyc p{cèle` eb ygc

`dbpy}s`yedb dl ygcpc scpyedbp"

Gepyd}eòh Sbesc Dsy`dfcp

Sbesc dsy`dfcp òb mc eicbyeleci yg}dsng ob gepyd}eòh }c|ec~ dl ygc {c}pdbp eblhscb`c eb}choyedb yd ygc {}dmhcf" Gc}c( {c}pdbp òb mc cb`ds}onci yd }còhh lo`yp d} c|cbyp ygoy `dby}oie`y ygc

{}dmhcfp cllc`yp eb ygce} he|cp obi eb ygce} }choyedbpge{p" Ohygdsng ps`g c|cbyp o}c cw{c}ecb`ci mu ygc

{c}pdbp `db c}bci oy ygc yefc dl ygce} d``s}}cb`c( ygc {}dmhcf&poys}oyci pyd}ecp dl ygce} he|cp spsohhu

}shc dsy ygc oyy}emsyedb dl bc~ fcobebnp yd ps`g cw{c}ecb`cp"

Ygcpc gepyd}eòh sbesc dsy`dfcp òb loèheyoyc {c}ld}fob`cp dl bc~ fcobebnp eb ygc {}cpcby( bc~

fcobebnp ygoy cbomhc {c}pdbp yd }co`g mo`j obi yd }c&|epedb ygce} {c}pdboh obi }choyedbpge{ gepyd}ecp"

Joygc}ebc( y~cbyu pew uco}p dl onc( goi pc}edsphu ebas}ci gc} mo`j ~gcb pgc ~op yge}yccb uco}p dhi"

O{o}y l}df ygc {gupeòh }cpy}e`yedb( ygep ebas}u goi }cpshyci eb `dbpeic}omhc obi {c}pepycby {oeb" Ygep

{oeb goi bdy }cp{dbici yd ygc fobu psmpcqscby eb|cpyenoyedbp obi ygc |o}edsp y}coyfcbyp" L}df ygc

yefc dl ygc o`èicby( Joygc}ebc goi cw{c}ecb`ci o icyc}ed}oyedb eb gc} helc( obi ~gcb }clc}}ci( pgc

~op psllc}ebn `dbpeic}omhu l}df obwecyu obi ic{}cppedb"

Joygc}ebc ~op o``df{obeci yd ygc le}py fccyebn mu gc} fdygc}( Adob" E cb`ds}onci ygcf yd fo{

ygc eblhscb`c dl ygc {oeb eb ygce} he|cp obi ygce} }choyedbpge{p" Dbc dl ygc fobu `df{heòyedbp ygc {oeb

goi `dby}emsyci yd Joygc}ebcp helc( ~op ygoy ey goi epdhoyci gc} l}df `dbyo`y ~eyg py}obnc}p" ^gcb

cb`ds}onebn Joygc}ebc obi Adob yd fo{ ygce} eblhscb`c( E opjci Joygc}ebc el pgc `dshi }còhh o yefc

~gcb pgc `dshi go|c hcy {oeb {}c|cby gc} l}df go|ebn {c}pdboh `dbyo`y ~eyg obdygc} {c}pdb( msy

~gcb pgc }clspci yd psmfey yd eyp icfobip" Olyc} o pco}`g ygoy hopyci omdsy y~cbyu febsycp( Joygc}ebc

}cfcfmc}ci ob ebèicby ygoy goi d``s}ci yg}cc uco}p {}c|edsphu" Pgc goi mccb ld} o pgd}y ~ohj( obi(

bdy lo} l}df gdfc( pgc goi bdye`ci o py}obnc} o{{}do`gebn l}df ygc d{{dpeyc ie}c`yedb" Ygc py}obnc}

hddjci l}ecbihu( obi Joygc}ebc ygdsngy ygoy gc fengy n}ccy gc}" Op gc i}c~ hc|ch( pgc bdiici obi poei

gshhd op gc {oppci" Ohygdsng ygep ~op o lcoy ygoy pgc `dshi bdy go|c {}cie`yci eb oi|ob`c( pgc ieibdy oyyo`g obu penbeleòb`c yd ey oy ygc yefc"

E cb`ds}onci mdyg Joygc}ebc obi Adob yd {c}ld}f fcobebn o}dsbi ygep c|cby" Gd~ iei Joygc}ebc

`d{c ~eyg gc} obwecyu op ygc py}obnc} o{{}do`gci4 Gd~ iei pgc pyd{ ey l}df ys}bebn gc} mo`j4 ^goy

goi pgc idbc yd {}c{o}c gc}pchl ld} ygep4 El pgc goi sbic}pyddi ygc penbeleòb`c dl ygep oy ygc yefc(

~goy ~dshi ygep go|c }clhc`yci omdsy gc} {}dn}cpp4 ^goy ~dshi ygep go|c ydhi gc} omdsy gc}pchl ygoy

pgc `dshi go|c o{{}cèoyci4 ^goy iellc}cb`c ~dshi ey go|c foic el pgc goi mccb fd}c lshhu eb yds`g

~eyg ygc penbeleòb`c dl ygep o`gec|cfcby4

Ygc eicbyeleòyedb dl ygep gepyd}eòhhu&hdòyci sbeqsc dsy`dfc `dbpyeysyci o ys}bebn {deby ld} mdyg

Joygc}ebc obi Adob eb ygc {}cpcby( yg}cc uco}p olyc} ygc c|cby" \o}edsp dygc} sbeqsc dsy`dfcp ygcb

mcòfc o|oehomhc ld} ebp{c`yedb( eb hsiebn ygdpc ygoy }choyci yd Adobp d`òpedboh }clspoh yd{o}yeè{oyc eb {oeb ads}bohepf " D|c} o bsfmc} dl fdbygp( Joygc}ebc cw{c}efcbyci ~eyg cwycbiebn

gc} eblhscb`c( oy ycpyebn gc} bc~&ldsbi jbd~hcinc( obi ic|chd{ci o bcy~d}j dl l}ecbip obi o yge}py

ld} helc" Obi Adob mcnob yd hddj fd}c yd gc} d~b bccip"

O psmòycnd}u dl ygcpc gepyd}eòh sbesc dsy`dfcp o}c ygdpc ygoy d``s} mcy~ccb pcppedbp( d} ygdpc

ygoy òb mc l}ofci ~eygeb ygc `dbycwy dl ygc gepyd}u dl ygc ygc}o{u" Ygcpc {}d|eic o |c}u lc}yehc pds}`c

ld} ygc {c}ld}fob`c dl bc~ fcobebnp obi ld} ygc ncbc}oyedb dl bc~ pyd}ecp"

Noeh goi mccb ieonbdpci ~eyg p`ged{g}cbeo pdfc uco}p mcld}c fu le}py `dbyo`y ~eyg gc}" Icp{eyc

bsfc}dsp y}coyfcbyp( pgc goi mccb }cpy}e yci yd ob eb&ygc&`dfc} helcpyuhc( ~eyg osieyd}u

gohhsèboyedbp }cfoebebn o penbeleòby {}dmhcf yd gc}" Pgc òhhci ygcpc gohhsèboyedbp gc} |de`cp(

obi pgc `df{hoebci ygoy ygcu `dbpyobyhu go}oppci gc}"

Eb ds} le}py fccyebn( Noeh eicbyeleci c|eicb`c dl gc} `df{cycb`c eb ygc lo c dl ygep go}oppfcby( obi

pgc pyo}yci yd yojc pyc{p yd cwycbi gc} eblhscb`c( `gohhcbnebn ygc |de`cp eb |o}edsp ~oup( obi( ld} ygc

fdpy {o}y( }cisèbn ygcf yd ygc hc|ch dl qsecy ygdsngyp"


12/21

Noeh goi ebld}fci fc ygoy ygc |de`cp ~c}c d{{dpci yd fu fccyebnp ~eyg gc}" Ygcu ~dshi ne|c gc}

o {o}ye`sho}hu go}i yefc mcld}c ds} o{{debyfcbyp( obi ~dshi id ygce} mcpy yd ys}b gc} mo`j" Db o

`ds{hc dl d`òpedbp( ygcu goi bco}hu ps``ccici eb idebn pd" Eb oyycf{yebn yd gch{ fc sbic}pyobi ygep(

Noeh {}d{dpci ygoy ygc |de`cp ~c}c yg}coycbci mu ds} fccyebnp( obi icp{c}oyc yd o|dei ygcf oy obu

`dpy"

[}ed} yd dbc d`òpedb dl ds} fccyebn( ~gcb Noeh goi |c}u psmpyobyeohhu }c`hoefci gc}pchl l}df ygc

|de`cp( ygcu oyycf{yci o `dfcmo`j obi ebycbpeleci ygce} go}oppfcby dl gc}" Eb }cp{dbpc yd ygep( Noeh

goi mc`dfc qseyc iepy}cppci( lco}ebn ygoy ygc |de`cp ~c}c `hoefebn gc} onoeb" [c}`ce|ebn ygoy ygc bc~pyd}u dl Noehp helc ~op cbyc}ebn ygc pgoid~ dl ygc dhi pyd}u( E effcieoychu eby}dis`ci qscpyedbp ygoy E

gd{ci ~dshi cbomhc gc} yd }cy}ec|c ygc bc~ pyd}u" Pdfc dl ygcpc qscpyedbp ~c}c ebld}fci mu fu

jbd~hcinc dl ygc gepyd}u dl Noehp py}snnhc ~eyg ygc |de`cp yg}dsng ygc `ds}pc dl ygc}o{u"

Gd~ goi pgc fobonci yd iclu ygc |de`cp eblhscb`c db ygep }c`cby d`òpedb obi m}ebn gc}pchl yd

ygc o{{debyfcby4 Pgc goi ydhi ygcf yd pgsy s{" E opjci( Bdy hdbn ond ~gcb ygc |de`cp no|c uds o

go}i yefc omdsy ygcpc fccyebnp( ~goy cllc`y iei ygcu go|c db uds4 Ygcu goi fc eb yco}p( }c{heci

Noeh" Iei ygcu ncy uds ebyd yco}p ydiou4 Bd( ygcu ieiby" Pd ~goyp ygc iellc}cb`c mcy~ccb uds

op o {c}pdb bd~ obi uds op o {c}pdb ygcb4 Ef fd}c ò{omhcE ^gu idby uds ychh ygc |qe`cp

fd}c omdsy ygoy4 Oh}engy """

Noeh }c`d|c}ci l}df ygc pgojebcpp dl ygc {}c|edsp ~ccjp( obi qse`jhu }cis`ci ygc |de`cp yd qsecyygdsngyp" Oy ygc bcwy pcppedb( y~d ~ccjp hoyc}( Noeh ydhi fc ygoy pgc goi ndbc l}df py}cbnyg yd

py}cbnyg( obi goi bdy ohhd~ci& ygc |de`cp yd go}opp gc} onoeb" Ygep ~op ucy obdygc} ys}bebn {deby eb

Noehp helc"

@s}}cby Sbesc Dsy`dfcp

Ygc}c o}c ygdpc sbesc dsy`dfcp ygoy {}cpcby ygcfpch|cp eb ygc `ds}pc dl ygc pcppedb" Ygcpc o}c

spsohhu m}dsngy yd ygc oyycbyedb dl {c}pdbp mu ygc ygc}o{epyp `s}edpeyu omdsy ygcf( obi mu gc}$gep

eb|eyoyedbp yd ps`g {c}pdbp yd }cbic} ygcf pcbpemhc"

Ygc effcieoù dl ygcpc `s}}cby sbesc dsy`dfcp ep genghu `df{chhebn( obi ygcu o}c ie}c`yhu

o|oehomhc yd {c}pdbp ld} ygc {c}ld}fob`c dl bc~ fcobebn"

Mcyyc goi fobonci yd {c}psoic Jceyg yd oyycbi ygc}o{u sbic} ygc nsepc ygoy pgc goi pdfc

{}dmhcfp ygoy pgc ~obyci yd oyycbi yd( obi ~obyci ygc ygc}o{epy yd go|c o``cpp yd gep ygdsngyp obi gep

d{ebedbp omdsy ygcpc" Gd~c|c}( ey ~op qse`jhu o{{o}cby ygoy ygc d|c}&}eiebn {}dmhcf ~op Jceygp

d`òpedboh |edhcb`c obi {c}pepycby onn}cppedb"

L}df ob eb|cpyenoyedb dl ygc cllc`yp dl ygc |edhcb`c obi onn}cppedb db Mcyyc obi db ygc

}choyedbpge{( ey mcòfc `hco} yd mdyg {o}ybc}p ygoy oii}cppebn ygep eppsc ~dshi go|c yd mc ne|cb o

{}ed}eyu" Olyc} pdfc iep`sppedb( Jceyg on}cci yd {o}yeè{oyc"

Ob cpò{c {hob ~op ic}e|ci( dbc ygoy ~dshi mc o`ye|oyci oy obu yefc ygoy Mcyyc lchy yg}coycbci obi

mchec|ci ygoy pgc ~op oy }epj dl ls}ygc} |edhcb`c" Ygc ebpyohhoyedb dl ygep cpò{c {hob ~dshi o`ye|chu

eb|dh|c Jceyg" Gc ~dshi mc }cqse}ci( ogcoi dl yefc( yd fccy ~eyg obu l}ecbip obi }choye|cp ~gd fengymc eb`hsici( obi( eb m}cojebn ygc pehcb`c eb }choyedb yd ygc |edhcb`c( gc ~dshi mc fojebn o penbeleòby

`dby}emsyedb yd ygc }cpdhsyedb dl ygep {}dmhcf" Z Ygep ~dshi mc o sbesc dsy`dfc"V

Olyc} `dbpeic}omhc iep`sppedb( Jceyg }cp{dbici olle}foye|chu yd ygc eico" Yg}dsng o {}d`cpp dl

qscpyedbebn( Jceygp onn}cppedb ~op hdòyci ~eygeb ygc `dbycwy dl idfeboby jbd~hcincp ygoy o}c

p{cèluebn dl fcbp }choyedbpge{p ~eyg ~dfcb( obi ~eygeb ygc `dbycwy dl ygc yc`gbeqscp dl {d~c} ygoy

o``df{obu ygcpc jbd~hcincp" Sbeqsc dsy`dfcp ~c}c eicbyeleci eb }choyedb yd ygc idfeboyedb dl ygcpc

jbd~hcincp obi yc`gbeqscp dl {d~c}( obi E cbnonci Jceyg obi Mcyyc eb o {c}ld}fob`c dl bc~

fcobebn"

Oy omdsy ygc gohl~ou fo}j dl ds} pc`dbi pcppedb( Mcyyc yddj o }epj obi cw{}cppci ob d{ebedb db o

foyyc} ygoy pgc jbc~ ~dshi mc `dby}o}u yd Jceygp" Pc`dbip ~cby mu( obi ohygdsng Jceyg ~op `hco}hupy}snnhebn ~eyg gefpchl( gc iei bdy }co`y" E opjci Gd~ iei uds id ey4 E ~dshi bc|c} go|c {}cie`yci

ygep oy ygep pyonc" Gd~ iei E id ~goy4 }c{heci Jceyg" Gd~ iei uds pyd{ uds}pchl l}df }co`yebn

obi y}uebn yd `dby}dh ~goy Mcyyc ~op pouebn4 E idby jbd~" O}cby uds ps}{}epci mu ygep4


13/21

^chh( E ps{{dpc ygoy E of """ Ucog( E of/ ^goy id uds ygebj ygep fcobp4 ^chh( c} """ ^c

cw{hd}ci ygc penbeleòb`c dl ygep sbeqsc dsy`dfc ld} ygc }cpy dl ygc pcppedb" Obi eb ygep {}d`cpp ygc}c

c|dh|ci o bc~ o``dsby dl Jceyg op o {c}pdb"

Lsys}c Sbesc Dsy`dfcp

Sbesc dsy`dfcp òb go|c o lsys}c hdòyedb" Ygcpc òb mc eicbyeleci eb o }c|ec~ dl {c}pdbp

ebycbyedbp d} {hobp yd cpò{c ygc eblhscb`c dl ygc {}dmhcf( d} yg}dsng ob eb|cpyenoyedb dl {c}pdbp

gd{cp dl l}ccebn ygce} he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p l}df `c}yoeb {}dmhcfp"Ohygdsng Boygob ldsbi ey ielle`shy yd eicbyelu gep eblhscb c eb ygc helc dl ygc {}dmhcf( gc ~op

iep`db`c}yci mu ygc iep`d|c}u dl ygc cwycby dl ygc {}dmhcfp eblhscb`c eb gep helc" Pd iep`db`c}yci ~op

gc eb lo`y( ygoy gc mcòfc |epemhu icyc}febci yd id pdfcygebn omdsy ygc `dfc} ebyd ~ge`g gc goi mccb

{spgci mu ygc {}dmhcf"

Eb }cp{dbpc( E opjci pdfc qscpyedbp" Uds hddj op el uds lcch icyc}febci yd id pdfcygebn omdsy

ey" Gc ~op }cpdhsyc" ^goy `dshi uds id yd poh|onc uds} helc4 Gc oh}coiu goi o `ds{hc dl eicop"

^gc}c iei uds ncy ygcpc eicop l}df4 El uds po~ uds}pchl o`yebn db ygcpc eicop ~goy iellc}cb`c

~dshi ygoy fojc yd gd~ uds lcch omdsy uds}pchl4 O n}coy icoh" El uds ndy yd lcch hejc ygep( ~goy

~dshi uds lebi copec} yd id eb uds} helc4 Boygob ygdsngy dl pc|c}oh {dppemeheyecp"

Op Boygob cbyc}yoebci ygcpc qscpyedbp( gc mcòfc o~o}c dl ygc o|oehomeheyu dl ob ohyc}boye|c obifd}c }c~o}iebn o``dsby dl gefpchl op o {c}pdb" Boygob ldhhd~ci yg}dsng mu yojebn pyc{p yd {sy ygep

ohyc}boye|c o``dsby ebyd è}`shoyedb"

Ohygdsng ygcpc sbesc dsy`dfcp }choyc yd ob obyeè{oyedb dl c|cbyp yd `dfc( ygcu o}c ohpd `s}}cby

obi òb hcoi yd ygc eicbyeleòyedb dl gepyd}eòh sbesc dsy`dfcp" Ygc cwepycb`c dl ygcpc ebycbyedbp obi

gd{cp òb mc `dbpeic}ci yd `dbpyeysyc o {}cpcby o`y dl icleob`c eb ygc lo`c dl ygc {}dmhcf( obi òb

ohpd hcoi yd ob eb|cpyenoyedb dl ygdpc gepyd}eòh cw{c}ecb`cp ygoy go|c ebld}fci ygc {c}pdb ygoy ygebnp

fengy mc iellc}cby eb ygc lsys}c: {c}go{p ~goy ey ep ygoy ygcu fengy go|c nhef{pci ygoy gop jc{y ygce}

gd{cp ohe|c"

Sbesc Dsy`dfcp obi Efoneboyedb

Efoneboyedb {houp o |c}u penbeleòby {o}y eb ygc {}o`ye`cp dl cwyc}boheqebn ygc {}dmhcf( mdyg ld} ygcygc}o{epy obi ld} ygdpc {c}pdbp ~gd go|c pdsngy ygc}o{u" Ygep ep {o}ye`sho}hu ef{d}yoby eb ygc

loèheyoyedb dl `dbieyedbp ld} ygc eicbyeleòyedb dl sbesc dsy`dfcp( obi ld} ygc {c}ld}fob`c dl

fcobebn eb }choyedb yd ygcf"

Ey ep ef{d}yoby ygoy ygc ygc}o{epy efonebc ~goy `dshi {dppemhu mc penbeleòby yd ygc {c}pdb pccjebn

gch{( obi bdy mc mhebici mu gep$gc} d~b `}eyc}eo dl ~goy ~dshi mc penbeleòby dl bc~ ic|chd{fcbyp eb

gc}$gep helc obi }choyedbpge{p" Ld} cwof{hc( n}ccyebn o |epeyd} yd dbcp gdfc fou bdy mc oy ohh

penbeleòby yd ygc ygc}o{epy eb gc}$gep d~b helc( msy yd pdfc {c}pdbp ygep ep o lcoy dl |c}u `dbpeic}omhc

penbeleòb`c & {c}go{p cse|ohcby yd ygc ygc}o{epy yojebn o ~ohj db o yengy}d{c" Ohh ps`g lcoyp òb mc

`dbpeic}ci yd mc p{c`yo`sho} eb boys}c" Ey ep bc|c} ygc peqc dl ygc pyc{ ygoy o {c}pdb yojcp ygoy `dsbyp(

msy eyp ie}c`yedb"Op ygc ygc}o{epy noebp jbd~hcinc dl {c}pdbp gomeysoh obi {}cie yomhc }cp{dbpcp yd c|cbyp

ps}}dsbiebn ygc {}dmhcf( p$gc òb efonebc ~goy pd}y dl }cp{dbpc fengy `dbpyeysyc o sbesc obi

sbcw{c`yci dsy`dfc" Ygep cbgob`cp ygc ygc}o{epyp }c`c{ye|eyu yd bc~p dl iellc}cb`c( obi( eb ys}b(

oppepyp ygcf yd }c`}sey ygc efoneboyedb dl ygdpc {c}pdbp ~gd pccj ygc}o{u"

M}s`c( ~gd ~op ieonbdpci ~eyg p`ged{g}cbeo pdfc cengy uco}p {}c|edsphu( ~op m}dsngy yd pcc fc

mu gep {o}cbyp( ]e`go}i obi Fef" M}s`cp udsbnc} pepyc}( Cehccb( ohpd oyycbici ygc fccyebn" Fef obi

]e`go}i ~c}c `db`c}bci omdsy ygc ie}c`yedb dl M}s`cp helc" Ohygdsng gc ~op pyomhc( gc goi mc`dfc

cbye}chu ~eygi}o~b" Gc }o}chu cfc}nci l}df gep mci}ddf obi gei l}df ohh |epeyd}p"

Oy ygc cbi dl ygc le}py pcppedb( M}s`c ygdsngy ygoy gc ~op }coiu yd cwycbi gep d~b eblhscb`c" Gc

{hobbci yd òhh ygc `d&d}ieboyd} dl o hd~&jcu pdèoheoyedb n}ds{( obi o}}obnc o yefc yd fccy" M}s`cgoi mccb ne|cb ygc ychc{gdbc bsfmc} dl ygep `d&d}ieboyd} pc|c}oh yefcp( msy goi bc|c} lchy omhc yd

ldhhd~ yg}dsng ~eyg ygc òhh" Gc goi bdy obp~c}ci o ychc{gdbc eb le|c uco}p( hcy ohdbc fojc o òhh" E

cbnonci M}s`c obi gep {o}cbyp eb pdfc icmoyc omdsy ~gcygc} gc ~op }coiu yd fojc ygc òhh( obi E


14/21

~dbic}ci ohdsi ~gcygc} ey fengy mc ~epc} ld} gef yd yojc pdfc dygc} {}chefebo}u pyc{p( yd gch{ gef

ncy }coiu ld} ygep pyc{" Gd~c|c}( M}s`c ~op ps}c ygoy gc ~op }coiu yd fojc ygc òhh"

^gcb ygc lofehu }cys}bci ld} ygc bcwy o{{debyfcby( E opjci ygoy fcfmc}p òy`g fc s{ ~eyg obu

ic|chd{fcbyp" O{{o}cbyhu ygc}c ~c}c bdbc" Ygebnp ~c}c aspy ygc pofc" Ey ~opby sbyeh omdsy

gohl~ou yg}dsng ygc pcppedb ygoy E }còhhci M}s`cp }cpdh|c yd òhh ygc `d&d}ieboyd} dl ygc

pdèoheoyedb n}ds{" Goi gc foic ygc òhh4 .Ucp( gc poei( obi ygcb ~cby db yd yohj omdsy pdfcygebn

sb}choyci" E nhob`ci o}dsbi ygc }ddf" C|c}umdiu pccfci {}cd``s{eci ~eyg dygc} ygebnp & ohh eb

iellc}cby ~d}hip" Ey ~op sbic}pyobiomhc ygoy ygcu ~dshi bdy mc cw{c`yebn obuygebn iellc}cby yd go{{cb"

ôey( ~oey/( E poei( Iei E gco} ~goy E ygdsngy E gco}i4 ^goy4( poei M}s`c" Foumc

p`ged{g}cbeo ep `dbyoncdsp( obi Ef gco}ebn ygebnp" E goi M}s`cp oyycbyedb" ^goy4 gc {shci"

^chh ld} o ~gehc ygc}c( E ygdsngy ygoy uds poei ygoy uds goi ndbc ogcoi ~eyg ygoy òhh" Uds o}c bdy

gco}ebn ygebnp( ygoyp ~goy E iei pou( poei M}s`c }copps}ebnhu" Ygcb ychh fc onoeb( dbhu ygep yefc

ychh fc o heyyhc hdsic} pd ygoy ygc bc~p pebjp ebe M}s`c {}df{yhu iei pd" E o{dhdnepci( pouebn ygoy E

goiby }cohhu cw{c`yci ygep ic|chd{fcby( obi ygcb opjci M}s`c ~gcygc} gc ~dshi febi yc}}emhu hcyyebn

fc go|c ygc bc~p dbc fd}c yefc" Ygep gc iei( obi ~eyg ygoy E {}cycbici yd lohh dll fu `goe}"

M}s`c ~op ofspci" Bd~ c|c}udbc ~op oyycbiebn yd ic|chd{fcbyp eb M}s`cp helc" ^gd chpc gc}c

goi mccb sb{}c{o}ci ld} ygep bc~p4 ôp obudbc chpc ps}{}epci4 ]e`go}i }clhc`yci db ygcpc

qscpyedbp( ys}bci yd Fef( obi poei @dfc yd ygebj dl ey( ey ep }oygc} ps}{}epebn( epby ey4 Fefeffcieoychu adebci ~eyg ygc p{e}ey dl iep`d|c}u( obi pyo}yci opjebn M}s`c qscpyedbp omdsy ygc c|cbyp

ps}}dsbiebn ygep sbcw{c`yci mcgo|eds}" D|c} ygc bcwy yge}yu febsycp( le}ci mu `s}edpeyu( ~c ohh opjci

M}s`c qscpyedbp obi p{c`shoyci omdsy ygc penbeleòb`c dl ygep o`gec|cfcby" E }c`d}ici ygc qscpyedbp(

ygc }cp{dbpcp yd ygcpc( obi ygc p{c`shoyedb ygoy ~op cbyc}ci ebyd( obi pcby ygc lofehu o psffo}u dl

ygep eb hcyyc} ld}f"

Oy ds} bcwy fccyebn( dbc fdbyg hoyc}( E ~op qse`jhu ebld}fci oy ygc dsypcy dl ygc pcppedb ygoy M}s c

goi ps}{}epci Fef db y~d d`òpedbp" Peb`c ~c dbhu goi dbc gds} ld} ygc fccyebn( ~c ieiby ncy yd

lshhu eb|cpyenoyc ygc ebèicbyp ygoy }choyci yd mdyg dl ygcpc( d} ygc cbye}c penbeleòb`c dl ygcpc

ebèicbyp" D|c} psmpcqscby fccyebnp( ~c ohh lchh ls}ygc} mcgebi M}s`c icp{eyc ds} |c}u mcpy clld}yp yd

jcc{ om}copy dl ygc bc~ ic|chd{fcbyp eb gep helc"YGC ]C\EPEDB DL [C]PDBP ]CHOYEDBPGE[P ÊYG []DMHCFP

Ygc {}dmhcf obi eyp cllc`yp o}c hebjci eb o }choyedb dl ic{cbicb`c" Ygsp( eb yojebn dbc gohl dl ygep

}choyedb( ey `dshi mc poei ygoy ygc {}dmhcf ep ic{cbicby s{db eyp cllc`yp ld} eyp ps}|e|oh" Chpc~gc}c( E

go|c psnncpyci ygoy ygcpc cllc`yp `dbpyeysyc ygc {}dmhcfp helc&ps{{d}y pupycf: ygoy ygcpc cllc`yp òb

mc `dbpeic}ci yd }c{}cpcby }cse}cfcbyp dl ygc {}dmhcf ld} eyp ps}|e|oh '^geyc ?57


15/21

p{c`yo`sho}" Ne|cb gohl ygc `gob`c( gc ~dshi coy o ~gdhc ao} dl `dllcc( `dbpsfc o ysmc dl yddyg{opyc(

d} i}ebj o ~gdhc mdyyhc dl pdu pos`c eb dbc nd" Gc goi pomdyonci o }c`cby {pu`gdhdneòh oppcppfcby

mu coyebn ygc ycpyebn cqse{fcby"

Oo}db goi o hdbn gepyd}u dl hco}bebn {}dmhcfp( obi ~op eb o p{cèoh cisòyedb `hopp" Eb oiieyedb(

gc goi mccb ieonbdpci ~eyg gu{c}o`ye|eyu oy o udsbn onc" Eb `dby}opy yd Oo}db( gep chic} pepyc}p

pccfci }choye|chu bd}foh udsbn ~dfcb" C|cb ygce} coyebn gomeyp ~c}c bdy dsy dl ygc d}iebo}u"

^gcb fo{{ebn ygc eblhscb`c dl ygc lofehu fcfmc}p eb ygc helc dl ygc {}dmhcf( ygc fdpy }c`cby obii}ofoye` sbeqsc dsy`dfc ygoy ~op eicbyeleci goi yd id ~eyg F}p Go}}epdbp ysbebn&dsyis}ebn dbc

dl Oo}dbp yoby}sfp( }oygc} ygob adebebn ~eyg ey" Eb cb`ds}onebn o {c}ld}fob`c dl fcobebn eb }choyedb

yd ygep sbeqsc dsy`dfc( E opjci ~goy ygep fcoby eb }cno}i yd F}p Go}}epdbp }choyedbpge{ ~eyg ygc

yoby}sfp" Eb }clspebn yd psmac`y gc}pchl yd ygc cllc`yp dl ygc {}dmhcf eb ygep ~ou( ~op pgc `df{huebn

~eyg ygc {}dmhcfp }cqse}cfcbyp dl gc} d} icluebn ygcf4 ^ge`g }choyedbpge{ yd ygc {}dmhcf ~op pgc

fdpy oyy}o`yci yd4 ^dshi ygep bdb&`d&d{c}oye|c }choyedbpge{ ~eyg ygc {}dmhcf py}cbnygcb ey d} ~cojcb

ey4 ^goy chpc fengy pgc id yd peic ~eyg ygep bc~ }choyedbpge{ ~eyg ygc {}dmhcf }oygc} ygob ygc dhi

}choyedbpge{4 ôp pgc bd~ ygc fd}c cllc`ye|c {o}ybc} eb ygep bc~ }choyedbpge{4

D|c} o lc~ pcppedbp( F}p Go}}epdb y}obpld}fci gc} }choyedbpge{ ~eyg ygc {}dmhcf" Dygc} lofehu

fcfmc}p ldhhd~ci psey obi pddb ygc yoby}sfp ~c}c ~eygdsy o helc&ps{{d}y pupycf" Oo}dbp mcgo|eds}

psmpyobyeohhu ef{}d|ci( gep hco}bebn o``chc}oyci i}ofoyeòhhu obi gep omeheyu yd `db`cby}oyc eb`}copcipenbeleòbyhu" Yd fu ichengy( F}p Go}}epdb mcòfc o `dbpshyoby yd ygc dygc} {o}cbyp ~gd goi

`gehi}cb eb Oo}dbp `hopp oy p`gddh( obi pgc oppepyci ygcf yd }c|ec~ ygce} }choyedbpge{p ~eyg ygc

|o}edsp {}dmhcfp ygoy ~c}c dl `db`c}b yd ygcf"

]CP[DBPEMEHEYU

^gehc ygc {}o`ye`cp oppdèoyci ~eyg ygc cwyc}boheqebn dl {}dmhcfp( op dsyhebci eb ygep {o{c}( cbomhc

{c}pdbp yd pc{o}oyc ygcfpch|cp obi ygce} }choyedbpge{p l}df ps`g {}dmhcfp( ygcpc {}o`ye`cp id bdy

pc{o}oyc {c}pdbp l}df }cp{dbpemeheyu ld} ygc cwycby yd ~ge`g ygcu {o}yeè{oyc eb ygc ps}|e|oh dl ygc

{}dmhcf" Eb lo`y( op ygcpc {}o`ye`cp oppepy {c}pdbp yd mc`dfc o~o}c dl obi yd icp`}emc ygce}

}choyedbpge{ ~eyg ygc {}dmhcf( ygcu cbomhc {c}pdbp yd oppsfc o }cp{dbpemheyu ld} ygc {}dmhcf ygoy ygcu

`dshi bdy id pd mcld}cgobi"

Ygc {}o`ye`cp oppdèoyci ~eyg ygc cwyc}boheqebn dl {}dmhcfp ohpd 'o% l}cc {c}pdbp l}df {}dmhcf&

poys}oyci icp`}e{yedbp dl ygce} he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p( 'm% cb`ds}onc ygc ncbc}oyedb d} }cps}}c`yedb dl

ohyc}boye|c obi fd}c }c~o}iebn pyd}ecp dl he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p( obi '`% oppepy {c}pdbp yd eicbyelu obi

ic|chd{ o bc~ }choyedbpge{ ~eyg ygc {}dmhcf" Eb pd idebn( ygcpc {}o`ye`cp ldpyc} o bc~ pcbpc dl

{c}pdboh oncbù( obi( ~eyg ygep( {c}pdbp o}c omhc yd oppsfc }cp{dbpemheyu ld} ygc eb|cpyenoyedb dl bc~

`gde`cp eb ygce} he|cp( obi eb ygc {s}psey dl bc~ {dppemeheyecp" Eb ygc {}d`cpp dl ygep( {c}pdbp ~eybcpp o

bc~&ldsbi ò{oèyu yd ebyc}|cbc eb ygce} ~d}hi"

YGC @SHYS]OH @DBYCWY

Eb cb`ds}onebn {c}pdbp yd pc{o}oyc l}df {}dmhcfp( ygc {}o`ye`cp icp`}emci eb ygep {o{c} cbnonc

ps`g {c}pdbp eb o`ye|eyecp ygoy oppepy ygcf yd `gohhcbnc dygc} {}o`ye`cp ygoy o}c dmac`yeluebn d}

ygebneluebn dl {c}pdbp obi ygce} mdiecp" Ygcpc dygc} {}o`ye`cp o}c `shys}oh eb d}eneb" êygeb ygc

`dbycwy dl ygcpc {}o ye`cp( {c}pdbp o}c `dbpy}s`yci op dmac`yp( obi o}c cb`ds}onci yd }choyc yd

ygcfpch|cp( yd ygce} mdiecp( obi yd dygc} {c}pdbp( op dmac`yp" Ygep ep lewebn obi ld}foheqebn dl {c}pdbp"

Eb ^cpyc}b pdècyecp( ygcpc {}o`ye`cp dl dmac`yeleòyedb o}c |c}u {c}|ope|c"

Ygc {}o`ye`cp oppdèoyci ~eyg ygc cwyc}boheqebn dl {}dmhcfp òb mc `dbpeic}ci `dsbyc}&{}o`ye`cp

ygoy cbnonc {c}pdbp eb ygc ic&dmac`yeleòyedb dl ygcfpch|cp( dl ygce} mdiecp( obi dl co`g dygc}"

Eb|o}eomhu( ygcpc `dsbyc}&{}o`ye`cp go|c n}coy o{{coh yd {c}pdbp" Ygcu cbygspeopyeòhhu cfm}o`c ygcf(

obi lebi ygcf hemc}oyebn" Oy ldhhd~&s{( ~gcb iep`sppebn ~eyg {c}pdbp ygce} cw{c}ecb`c dl ygc

cwyc}boheqebn dl ygc {}dmhcf( fobu go|c }cfo}jci ygoy ey foic effcieoyc pcbpc yd ygcf( obi ygoy ey

goi ygc cllc`y dl l}ccebn ygcf yd o`y ebic{cbicbyhu dl ygc {}dmhcf"

Fe`gchc Ldsòshy( o L}cb`g ebychhc ysoh ~gd }cno}ici gefpchl op ob gepyd}eob dl pupycfp dl

ygdsngy( gop y}o`ci ygc gepyd}u dl ygcpc `shys}oh {}o ye`cp dl dmac`yeleòyedb dl {c}pdbp ld} ygc

{s}{dpcp dl psmasnoyedb 'Lds oshy ?50( ?5>5%" O``d}iebn yd Ldsòshy( eb }c`cby gepyd}u(


16/21

^cpyc}b pdècyu gop eb`}copebnhu }checi db ygc {}o`ye`cp dl ygc dmac`yeleòyedb dl {c}pdbp obi ygce}

mdiecp yd ef{}d|c obi cwycbi pdèoh `dby}dh"

Ygc fdic}b gepyd}u dl ygc dmac`yeleòyedb dl {c}pdbp( obi dl ygc mdiecp dl {c}pdbp( `debèicp ~eyg

ygc {}dhelc}oyedb dl ~goy òb mc }clc}}ci yd op ygc ie|eiebn {}o`ye`cp 'Ldsòshy ?5


17/21

`ds}yuo}i" Ygep yd~c} gdspci ygc nso}ieobp( obi eyp hc|chp `d}}cp{dbici cwo`yhu ~eyg ygc hc|chp dl ygc

è}`sho} msehiebn" L}df ygep yd~c} ygc nso}ieobp dl ygc d}nobeqoyedb `dshi go|c ob sbebyc}}s{yci |ec~

dl ohh ygc o`ye|eyecp yojebn {ho`c eb ygc ebie|eisoh p{o`cp" Ygc nso}ieobp |ec~ ~op loèheyoyci mu ygc

mo`jhengyebn dl co`g p{o`c( ygc o`ye|eyecp dl {c}pdbp eb ygc p{o`cp mcebn pehgdscyyci obi yg}d~b ebyd

pgo}{ }checl" Bdygebn `dshi cpò{c p`}syebu" Ygc {c}pdbp eb ygc p{o`cp ~c}c yd mc ygc dmac`yp dl

{c}{cysoh dmpc}|oyedb" Ygcpc p{o`cp ~c}c1

""" pfohh ygcoy}cp( eb ~ge`g co`g o`yd} ep ohdbc( {c}lc`yhu ebie|eisoheci obi `dbpyobyhu |epemhc"

'Ldsòshy ?5>5( {"=;;%

Gd~c|c}( ~gehc ygc {c}pdbp eb ygcpc p{o`cp ~c}c c|c} |epemhc yd ygc nso}ieobp eb ygc yd~c}( ygc

nso}ieobp ~c}c bc|c} |epemhc yd ygc {c}pdbp eb ygc ebie|eisoh p{o`cp" Ygc yd~c} ~op icpenbci eb ps`g o

~ou pd ygoy( yg}dsng o ò}clsh o}}obncfcby dl ~ebid~p obi idd}p( ygdpc eb ygc ebie|eisoh p{o`cp

`dshi bdy pcc ebyd ygc yd~c}"

Ygdpc {c}pdbp eb ygc p{o`cp `dshi bc|c} icyc`y ~gcygc} ygcu ~c}c mcebn dmpc}|ci oy obu {o}ye`sho}

{deby eb yefc" Ps`g {c}pdbp goi heyyhc `gde`c msy yd oppsfc ygoy ygcu `dshi mc ygc psmac`y dl o

nso}ieobp noqc oy obu yefc" Ygsp ygcu cw{c}ecb`ci ygcfpch|cp op ygc psmac`yp dl ygc c|c} {}cpcby

noqc" Ygep fc`gobepf dl {d~c} goi ygc cllc`y dl ebèyebn {c}pdbp yd o`y op el ygcu ~c}c oh~oup

mcebn dmpc}|ci"

Ygep ~op yd mc o |c}u cllc`ye|c pupycf dl ps}|cehhob`c( obi o |c}u c`dbdfe` dbc eb ygoy }choye|chu

lc~ nso}ieobp( fd|ebn l}df dbc dmpc}|oyedb ~ebid~ yd obdygc}( ~c}c }cse}ci ld} eyp lsb`yedbebn"

Ey ep ygc lo`y dl `dbpyobyhu mcebn pccb( dl mcebn omhc oh~oup yd mc pccb( ygoy foebyoebp ygc

iepè{hebci ebie|eisoh eb gep psmac`yedb" 'Ldsòshy ?5>5( {" ?7>%

C|ohsoyedb Obi Ygc Lewebn Dl He|cp

Ygc o}}obnfcby dl {c}pdbp eb p{o`c ygoy ~op olld}ici mu ygc [obd{ye`db loèheyoyci ygc `dbieyedbp

sbic} ~ge g ygcpc {c}pdbp `dshi( o``d}iebn yd ygc bd}fp `dbpy}s`yci mu ygc d}nobepoyedb( mc

`hoppeleci( soheleci( fcops}ci( `df{o}ci( iellc}cbyeoyci( obi asinci" Ygep cbomhci {c}pdbp yd mc

ygdsngy dl op ebie|eisoh òpcp" Ls}ygc}( ygep p{oèoh o}}obncfcby dl {c}pdbp {}d|eici eicoh `dbieyedbp

ld} ygc y}oebebn obi `d}}c`yebn dl {c}pdbp o``d}iebn yd ygcpc bd}fp"Ygsp( ygc c|c}&{}cpcby noqc cw{c}ecb`ci mu ygc {c}pdbp d``s{uebn ygc ebie|eisoh p{o`cp ~op eb

cllc`y o bd}foheqebn noqc" Ygdpc {c}pdbp ~dshi cw{c}ecb`c ygcfpch|cp op mcebn `dbpyobyhu

c|ohsoyci o``d}iebn yd ygc }shcp obi bd}fp p{cèleci mu ygc d}nobeqoyedb" Ygep bd}foheqebn noqc

~dshi psmac`y {c}pdbp yd o ~gdhc fe`}d{cbohyu dl yefc( dl o`ye|eyu( dl mcgo|eds}( dl p{cc`g( dl ygc

mdiu( dl pcwsoheyu '?5>5( {"?>7%"

Ygc id`sfcbyoyedb dl he|cp ygoy mcòfc o|oehomhc yg}dsng ygc eb|cbyedb dl ygc lehc cbgob`ci ygc

{}o`ye`cp dl ygc bd}foheqoyedb obi ygc ebie|eisoheqoyedb dl {c}pdbp" Ygep cbomhci ebie|eisohp yd mc

ò{ys}ci obi lewci eb ~}eyebn( obi ygc noygc}ebn dl pyoyepye`p obi ygc lewebn dl bd}fp: ygoy ep( ygc

`dbpy}s`yedb dl sbeyo}u obi nhdmoh jbd~hcincp omdsy {c}pdbp" O``d}iebn yd Ldsòshy( ygc icp`}e{yedb

dl {c}pdbp( ygc ys}bebn dl }coh he|cp ebyd ~}eyebn( mcòfc ob ef{d}yoby fc`gobepf eb ygep bc~ ld}fdl pdèoh `dby}dh"

^gc}c }chenedbp db`c icfobici ygc po`}ele`c dl mdiecp( jbd~hcinc bd~ òhhp ld} cw{c}efcbyoyedb

db ds}pch|cp( òhhp sp yd ygc po`}ele`c dl ygc psmac`y dl jbd~hcinc" '?579( {" 5


18/21

}cpepyob`c ygoy spsohhu o``df{obecp fshye{heèyu `dshi bdy mc ebeyeoyci" @dsbyc}&{d~c} ep ygsp

cllc`ye|chu bcsy}oheqci"

Ygc [obd{ye`db {}d|eicp o fdich ld} o {o}ye`sho}hu fdic}b pupycf dl {d~c} ygoy }checp db ygc

yc`gbesc dl bd}foheqebn asincfcby" Ygep idcp bdy {}d|eic ld} o pupycf dl pdèoh `dby}dh eb ~ge`g

{c}pdbp o}c asinci o``d}iebn yd ygce} ~d}yg db fd}oh n}dsbip( dbc eb ~ge`g `dbpcscb`cp o}c

icyc}febci o``d}iebn yd ygc cwycby ygoy pdfcdbc gop ~}dbnci" Ebpycoi( ygep {}d|eicp ld} o pupycf dl

pdèoh `dby}dh eb ~ge`g {c}pdbp o}c asinci o``d}iebn yd `c}yoeb pyobio}ip d} p{cèleòyedbp ld} ygce}

{c}ld}fob`c" Fcye`shdsp cwofeboyedb }c{ho`cp fd}oh asincfcby" @dbpcscb`cp o}c icyc}febcio``d}iebn yd ygc {c}pdbp hc|ch dl {c}ld}fob`c" Gc}c( ey ep bdy ob dllcb`c yd id ~}dbn( msy ob

dllcb`c bdy yd }co`g ygc }cse}ci hc|ch( d} yd loeh ~eyg o yopj" Ohh ic{o}ys}cp l}df ygc bd}f obi ygc

}shc o}c {sbepgomhc"

Pchl&psmasnoyedb

Ygep fdic}b pupycf dl {d~c} ep dbc ygoy bdy dbhu }cbic}p {c}pdbp obi ygce} mdiecp op dmac`yp( msy ey

ep ohpd dbc ygoy }c`}seyp {c}pdbp ebyd ob o`ye|c }dhc eb ygce} d~b psmasnoyedb: ebyd o`ye|chu {o}yeè{oyebn

eb d{c}oyedbp ygoy pgo{c ygce} he|cp o``d}iebn yd ygc bd}fp d} p{cèleòyedbp dl ygc d}nobeqoyedb"

Op {}c|edsphu iep`sppci( bc|c} jbd~ebn ~gcb ygcu ~c}c mcebn psmac`y yd p`}syebu( {c}pdbp `dshi

dbhu lcch pc`s}c eb ygce} cwepyob`c el ygcu ~c}c yd oppsfc ygoy ygcu ~c}c ygc psmac`yp dl {c}{cysoh

ps}|cehhob`c" Sbic} ygcpc `dbieyedbp ygcu ~dshi mc`dfc c|c}&|enehoby ~eyg }cno}i yd ygce} d~b

mcgo|eds}( c|ohsoyebn ohh o`yedbp obi ncpys}cp onoebpy ygc bd}fp ygoy o}c p{cèleci mu ygc {o}ye`sho}

d}nobeqoyedb" Obi s{db eicbyeluebn obu obdfohecp d} ommc}oyedbp eb ygce} d~b `dbis`y( ygcu ~dshi mc

ebis`ci yd }choyc yd ygce} d~b mdiecp op dmac`yp: yd cbnonc eb iepè{hebo}u obi `d}}c`ye|c d{c}oyedbp yd

ld}nc ygce} d~b mdiecp op idèhc" Ygsp( ygcu mcòfc ygce} d~b nso}ieobp" Ygcu {dhe`ci ygce} d~b

ncpys}cp" Obi ygcu mcòfc ygc dmac`yp dl ygce} d~b p`}syebu"

Gc ~gd ep psmac`yci yd o lechi dl |epemeheyu( obi ~gd jbd~p ey( oppsfcp }cp{dbpemeheyu ld} ygc

`dbpy}oebyp dl {d~c}: gc fojcp ygcf {hou p{dbyobcdsphu s{db gefpchl: gc ebp`}emcp gefpchl eb ygc

{d~c} }choyedb eb ~ge`g gc pefshyobcdsphu {houp mdyg }dhcp: gc mc`dfcp ygc {}ebè{hc dl gep d~b

psmasnoyedb" '?5>5( {"=;=%

O [dpeye|c Ld}f Dl [d~c}

Ldsòshy o}nscp ygoy ygc [obd{ye`db {}d|eicp o fdich dl {d~c} ygoy ep {dpeye|c eb `go}o`yc} obi eb

eyp cllc`yp( }oygc} ygob bcnoye|c" ^gcb iep`sppebn ygc {dpeye|c `go}o`yc} dl {d~c}( Ldsòshy ep bdy

fojebn }clc}cb`c yd {dpeye|c eb ygc spsoh pcbpc: ygoy ep( op pdfcygebn ygoy ep icpe}omhc d} mcbcleèoh"

]oygc}( gc ep }clc}}ebn yd o ld}f dl {d~c} ygoy ep {dpeye|c eb ygc pcbpc ygoy ey ep `dbpyeysye|c d} pgo{ebn

dl {c}pdbp he|cp"

Ygep bdyedb dl o {d~c} ygoy ep {dpeye|c eb eyp cllc`yp ep eb ie}c`y `dby}opy yd `dffdb `db`c{yedbp dl

{d~c}" Ps`g `db`c{yedbp {}d{dpc ygoy {d~c} ep }c{}cppe|c eb eyp d{c}oyedbp obi eb eyp cllc`yp: ygoy ey

{}ebè{ohhu iepsohelecp( hefeyp( icbecp( obi dbyoebp: ygoy ey ep dl bcnoye|c ld} c obi `go}o`yc}"

Ldsòshy o}nscp ygoy( eb ^cpyc}b pdècyu( ~c id bdy {}cidfeboychu cw{c}ecb`c ygc cllc`yp dl obcnoye|c d} }c{}cppe|c {d~c}( msy ~c cw{c}ecb`c ygc cllc yp dl o {dpeye|c {d~c}( dbc ygoy ep

`dbpyeysye|c dl ygc he|cp dl {c}pdbp" Yg}dsng ygep {d~c}( {c}pdbp o}c psmac`y yd bd}foheqebn y}sygp

ygoy pgo{c ygce} he|cp obi }choyedbpge{p" Ygcpc y}sygp o}c( eb ys}b( `dbpy}s`yci d} {}dis`ci eb ygc

d{c}oyedb dl {d~c}"

^c fspy `copc db`c obi ld} ohh yd icp`}emc ygc cllc`yp dl {d~c} eb bcnoye|c yc}fp: ey cw`hsicp(

ey }c{}cppcp( ey `cbpd}p( ey ompy}o`yp( ey fopjp( ey `db`cohp" Eb lo`y {d~c} {}dis`cp: ey

{}dis`cp }coheyu: ey {}dis`cp idfoebp dl dmac`yp obi }eysohp dl y}syg" Ygc ebie|eisoh obi ygc

jbd~hcinc ygoy fou mc noebci l}df gef mchdbn yd ygep {}dis`yedb" '?5>5( {" ?59%

^gcb iep`sppebn y}sygp( Ldsòshy ep bdy psmp`}emebn yd ygc mchecl ygoy ygc}c cwepy dmac`ye|c d}

eby}ebpe` lo`yp omdsy ygc boys}c dl {c}pdbp( msy yd `dbpy}s`yci eicop ygoy o}c o``d}ici o y}syg pyoysp"Ygcpc y}sygp o}c bd}foheqebn eb ygc pcbpc ygoy ygcu `dbpy}s`y bd}fp o}dsbi ~ge`g {c}pdbp o}c

ebèyci yd pgo{c d} `dbpyeysyc ygce} he|cp" Ygc}cld}c( ygcpc o}c y}sygp ygoy o}c o`ysohhu p{cèluebn dl

{c}pdbp he|cp"


19/21

Pd|c}cenb [d~c} \c}psp Fdicf [d~c}

Ldsòshy ohpd `dby}opyci ygep fdic}b ld}f dl {d~c} ygoy ebld}fci ygc ic|chd{fcby dl ygc

[obd{ye`db ~eyg ob co}hec} ld}f dl {d~c}: ygoy ep( pd|c}cenb {d~c}" Ygc cllc`ye|cbcpp dl ygep co}hec}

{d~c} ~op ho}nchu ic{cbicby db ygc cwycby yd ~ge`g ygc pd|c}cenb `dshi mc foic |epemhc yd ygc

{d{sho`c: {c}pdbp {}efo}ehu cw{c}ecb`ci ygc {d~c} dl ygc pyoyc yg}dsng ygc |epemeheyu dl ygc pd|c}cenb"

\o}edsp fc`gobepfp ~c}c syeheqci ld} ys}bebn ygc p{dyhengy db ygc pd|c}cenb( ld} ef{}cppebn ygc

{d~c} dl ygc pyoyc s{db ygc {d{sho`c( bdy ygc hcopy dl ~ge`g ~c}c `c}cfdbu obi p{c`yo`hc" Ygsp(

{d~c} ~op fdpy ebycbpc oy eyp {deby dl d}eneboyedb"

Sbic} ygc pd|c}cenb( ygc psmac`yp dl {d~c} ~c}c eb|epemhc" Ygdpc ~gd fdpy jccbhu cw{c}ecb`ci

ygep {d~c} ~c}c ygdpc ~gd ~c}c hd`jci o~ou eb isbncdbp( geiicb l}df pengy" Ygc ò{oèyu yd mobepg

~op o fcops}c dl ygc cllc`ye|cbcpp dl ygep ld}f dl {d~c}" Pd|c}cenb {d~c} {}d|ci yd mc o |c}u

cw{cbpe|c obi }choye|chu ebcllc`ye|c ld}f dl pdèoh `dby}dh"

Eb `dby}opy yd ygep( ygc ps``cpp dl ygc fc`gobepf dl {d~c} }c{}cpcbyci eb ygc [obd{ye`db ~op

ho}nchu ic{cbicby s{db }cbic}ebn ygc pds}`c dl {d~c} eb|epemhc yd eyp psmac`yp" Obi( eb ygep ld}f dl

{d~c}( ey ep ygc psmac yp ygoy lebi ygcfpch|cp sbic} ygc p{dyhengy" Ygc cllc`ye|cbcpp dl ygep ld}f dl

{d~c} ep fcops}ci mu ygc cwycby yd ~ge`g eyp psmac yp o}c foic c|c}&|epemhc" Ygsp( ygep ld}f dl {d~c}

ep fdpy ebycbpc( bdy oy eyp {deby dl d}eneboyedb( msy oy eyp {deby dl `dbyo`y" Ygep {}d|eici ld} o |c}u

c`dbdfeòh obi cllc`ye|c ld}f dl pdèoh `dby}dh"

Eb pgd}y( yd psmpyeysyc ld} o {d~c} ygoy ep fobelcpyci yg}dsng ygc m}ehheob`c dl ygdpc ~gd cw c}èpc

ey( o {d~c} ygoy ebpeiedsphu dmac`yelecp ygdpc db ~gdf ey ep o{{heci: yd ld}f o mdiu dl jbd~hcinc

omdsy ygcpc ebie|eisohp( }oygc} ygob yd ic{hdu ygc dpycbyoyedsp penbp dl pd|c}cenbyu" '?5>5( {"==;%

Ygc [obd{ye`db ep ohpd o fdich ld} o fc`gobepf dl {d~c} ygoy ep pchl&foebyoebebn obi genghu

osydbdfdsp eb eyp d{c}oyedb" Ygc nso}ieobp dl ygc [obd{ye`db o}c ygcfpch|cp dmac`yp dl ygep {d~c}" Dl

ygc fobu |epeyd}p yd ygc yd~c}( ey ep bdy {dppemhc ld} ygc nso}ieobp yd icyc}febc ~ge`g o}c eb lo`y

ps{c}|epd}p" Ygsp( ygcu cw{c}ecb`c psmac`yedb yd dbndebn c|ohsoyedb mu {c}pdbp ~gd o}c bdy |epemhc yd

ygcf( obi ygcu ydd o}c ebèyci yd d{c}oyc db ygcfpch|cp o``d}iebn yd ygc bd}fp p{cèleci ld} ygce}

`dbis`y"

Ygsp( ygc [obd{ye`db {}d|eicp ld} o fc`gobepf eb ~ge`g ohh {c}pdbp o}c pefshoyobcdsphu o psmac`y

dl obi ob ebpy}sfcby( d} |cge`hc( dl {d~c}" ZYgep ep bdy yd psnncpy ygoy ohh ~c}c csoh eb ygce}

cw{c}ecb`c dl ygc cllc`yp dl ygep {d~c}"V

Ygep ebicci ep ygc ieomdheòh op{c`y dl ygc eico obi ohh ygc o{{heòyedbp dl ey" Dbc idcpby go|c

gc}c o {d~c} ~ge`g ep ~gdhhu eb ygc gobip dl dbc {c}pdb ~gd òb cwc}èpc ey ohdbc obi ydyohhu

d|c} ygc dygc}p" Eyp o fo`gebc eb ~ge`g c|c}udbc ep òsngy( ygdpc ~gd cwc}èpc {d~c} aspy op

fs`g op ygdpc d|c} ~gdf ey ep cwc}èpci" '?57;( {" ?35( {"==0%


20/21

Ldsòshy o}nscp ygoy ~c go|c cbyc}ci ygc onc dl eblebeyc cwofeboyedb obi dl `df{shpd}u

dmac`yeleòyedb: ygoy ~c bd~ go|c o pdècyu dl bd}foheqoyedb eb ~ge`g c|ohsoyedb gop }c{ho`ci yd}ys}c(

obi gop eblehy}oyci ygc asieèo}u eb foyyc}p dl pdèoh `dby}dh: eb ygc `dby}dh dl mdiecp( dl n}ds{p( obi dl

jbd~icinc"

Ygep ep o ld}f dl {d~c} ygoy ep db ygc sbic}peic dl ygc ho~( dbc ygoy gop eblehy}oyci asieèoh

{}d`cppcp" Ldsòshy }clc}p yd ygc bd}foheqoyedb dl ygc ho~ & }clc}cb`c yd pyoyepyeòh fcops}cp obi

asincfcbyp omdsy ~goy ep bd}foh }oygc} ygob omdsy ~goy ep }engy obi ~}dbn & epdhoyedb dl obdfohecp

obi bd}foheqoyedb dl obdfohecp yg}dsng `d}}c`ye|c fcops}cp"

@DB@HSPEDB

Ygep {o{c} icp`}emcp pdfc {}o`ye`cp oppdèoyci ~eyg ygc cwyc}boheqebn dl {}dmhcfp" Ygcpc {}o`ye`cp

go|c mccb yojcb s{ mu o bsfmc} dl dygc} ygc}o{epyp( obi `}coye|chu o{{heci yd o ~eic }obnc dl

{}cpcbyebn {}dmhcfp eb o |o}ecyu dl `dbycwyp 'c"n" Is}}oby ?573( ?575: C{pydb ?575%"

E go|c foic o òpc ld} ygc {}o`ye`cp oppdèoyci ~eyg ygc cwyc}boheqebn dl {}dmhcfp yd mc `dbpeic}ci

op `dsbyc}&{}o`ye`cp yd `shys}oh {}o`ye`cp ygoy o}c dmac`yeluebn dl {c}pdbp obi dl ygce} mdiecp" Ygcpc

`dsbyc}&{}o`ye`cp d{cb p{o`c ld} {c}pdbp yd }c&osygd} d} `dbpyeysyc ygcfpch|cp( co`g dygc}( obi ygce}

}choyedbpge{p( o``d}iebn yd ohyc}boye|c pyd}ecp d} jbd~hcincp" Op ps`g( E mchec|c ygoy ygcpc {}o`ye`cp

{}d|eic o mopep s{db ~ge`g yd }coheqc Ldsòshyp {}d{dpoh ygoy ~c cbnonc eb o`yedb yd1

""" hemc}oyc sp mdyg l}df ygc pyoyc obi l}df ygc yu{c dl ebie|eisoheoyedb ~ge`g ep hebjci yd ygc

pyoyc" ^c go|c yd {}dfdyc bc~ ld}fp dl psmac`ye|eyu yg}dsng }clspoh dl ygep jebi dl ebie|eisoheyu

~ge`g gop mccb ef{dpci db sp ld} pc|c}oh `cbys}ecp" '?57=( {"=?


21/21

C{pydb( I" ?5751 Ycf{c} Yoby}sf [o}yecp1 Po|ebn Lo`c( Hdpebn Lo`c( d} Ndebn Dll Uds} Lo`c"

Ish~e`g @cby}c Bc~phcyyc}( Osysfb 'eb {}cpp%"

C{pydb( I" , ^geyc( F" ?5751 Heyc}oyc Fcobp yd Ygc}o{csye` Cbip" Oichoeic( Ish~e`g @cby}c

[smheòyedbp"

Ldsòshy( F" ?551 Iepè{hebc obi [sbepg1 Ygc Me}yg dl ygc [}epdb" Feiihcpcw( [c}cn}ebc Mddjp"

Ldsòshy( F" ?57;1 Ygc Cuc dl [d~c} eb Nd}idb( @" 'Ci%1 [d~c}$Jbd~hcinc1 Pchc`yci

Ebyc}|ec~p obi Dygc} ^}eyebnp" Bc~ Ud}j( [obygcdb Mddjp"

Ldsòshy( F" ?57=1 Ygc Psmac`y obi [d~c} eb I}culsp( G" , ]omebd~( [" 'Cip%1 Fe`gch

Ldsòshy1 Mcudbi Py}s`ys}ohepf obi Gc}fcbcsye`p" @geònd( Sbe|c}peyu dl @geònd [}cpp"

Ldsòshy( F" ?5791 Becyqp`gc( Ncbcdhdnu( Gepyd}u eb ]omebd~( [" 'Ci%1 Ldsòshy ]coic}" Bc~

Ud}j( [obygcdb"

Nc}ncb( F"e&E" , Nc}ncb( J"A" ?5791 Ygc Pdèoh @dbpy}s`yedb dl Bo}}oye|c O``dsbyp eb Nc}ncbJ"A" , Nc}ncb( F"F" 'Cip% Gepyd}eòh Pdèoh [pu`gdhdnu" Bc~ Ac}pcu( C}hmds}b Oppdèoycp"

Ndllfob( C" ?5

the externalisation of the problem and the re-authoring of lives and relationships by michael white

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