The Dawn The Dawn of Mass of Mass CultureCulture

8.4 Notes8.4 Notes

American LeisureAmerican Leisure

Amusement ParksAmusement Parks►Chicago, New York City set asie Chicago, New York City set asie

space for outdoor enjoymentspace for outdoor enjoyment►Small playgrounds, playing fieldsSmall playgrounds, playing fields►Amusement parks constructed on Amusement parks constructed on

outskirtsoutskirts►Built by trolley-car co. looking for Built by trolley-car co. looking for

more passengersmore passengers►Picnic grounds, ridesPicnic grounds, rides►Ferris wheel, roller Ferris wheel, roller coasterscoasters►Coney Island - 1884Coney Island - 1884

Bicycling and Bicycling and TennisTennis

►Male only sport at Male only sport at first – challengingfirst – challenging

►1885 – commercial 1885 – commercial “safety bicycle”“safety bicycle”

►Victor model for Victor model for womenwomen

►More comfortable More comfortable attire for women attire for women when bicyclingwhen bicycling

Marshall W. "Major" Taylor Marshall W. "Major" Taylor ► A hundred years ago, A hundred years ago,

when bicycle races drew when bicycle races drew crowds that filled crowds that filled Madison Square Garden, Madison Square Garden, the biggest draw of all the biggest draw of all was Major Taylor. In was Major Taylor. In 1898 fans would flock to 1898 fans would flock to see "the Worcester see "the Worcester Whirlwind" compete.  Whirlwind" compete.  Controversy surround Controversy surround "the Colored Cyclone," "the Colored Cyclone," whose star was rising in whose star was rising in muscular defiance of muscular defiance of the Jim Crow the Jim Crow segregation permeating segregation permeating the sport.the sport.

►Tennis originated in Tennis originated in Wales – 1873Wales – 1873

►Popular among socialitesPopular among socialites Florence HarrimanFlorence Harriman People thought nets were People thought nets were

to catch birdsto catch birds►1900 – Chocolate 1900 – Chocolate

Hershey barsHershey bars►Coca-Cola – 1886Coca-Cola – 1886

►Atlanta pharmacist Atlanta pharmacist used as a cure for used as a cure for headachesheadaches

►Coca leaves and African Coca leaves and African cola nutscola nuts

Spectator Spectator SportsSports

► Informal activities become Informal activities become popularpopular► Boxing and baseballBoxing and baseball► Profitable businessesProfitable businesses► BaseballBaseball

1845 – amateur player Alexander Cartwright 1845 – amateur player Alexander Cartwright organized New York City ball cluborganized New York City ball club

50 clubs in 5 years50 clubs in 5 years 1869 – Cincinnati Red Stockings 1869 – Cincinnati Red Stockings toured U.S.toured U.S. Formed NL and ALFormed NL and AL Published game schedule, Published game schedule, official rules, standard-sized diamondofficial rules, standard-sized diamond

►First World Series – 1903First World Series – 1903 Boston Pilgrims (4) Boston Pilgrims (4)

beat Pittsburg Pirates beat Pittsburg Pirates (3)(3)

►African Americans African Americans excludedexcluded Formed own leaguesFormed own leagues Negro National League Negro National League

and Negro American and Negro American LeagueLeague“the very symbol…and

visible expression of the drive and push and rush and struggle of the raging, tearing, booming, 19th Century” – Mark Twain

NewspapeNewspapersrs

► Promotion of education Promotion of education increased literacy rateincreased literacy rate

► Sensational headlines to Sensational headlines to attract readersattract readers

► Joseph Pulitzer purchased Joseph Pulitzer purchased New New York WorldYork World Introduced large Sunday editionIntroduced large Sunday edition Comics, sports coverage, Comics, sports coverage,

women’s newswomen’s news ““sin, sex and sensation”sin, sex and sensation”

►William Randolph Hearst William Randolph Hearst owned owned San Francisco San Francisco ExaminerExaminer New York Morning JournalNew York Morning Journal – –

personal scandal, cruelty, etc.personal scandal, cruelty, etc.

Fine ArtsFine Arts► 1900 – Art gallery in 1900 – Art gallery in

every major cityevery major city► ““realism” portrayed realism” portrayed

life as it waslife as it was► Aschan School of Aschan School of

American ArtAmerican Art Urban life and labor Urban life and labor

with no frillswith no frills► Abstract art Abstract art

developing in Europedeveloping in Europe► Libraries often nearbyLibraries often nearby

““poor man’s university”poor man’s university”

Popular FictionPopular Fiction► Crime tales, western adventures, light fictionCrime tales, western adventures, light fiction► ““Dime Novels”Dime Novels”

Glorified adventure tales with a heroGlorified adventure tales with a hero Edward Wheeler’s Edward Wheeler’s Deadwood DickDeadwood Dick

►Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Not so serious literaturesNot so serious literatures